scholarly journals Resistance to Leaf and Yellow Rust in a Collection of Spanish Bread Wheat Landraces and Association with Ecogeographical Variables

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Fernando Martínez-Moreno ◽  
Patricia Giraldo ◽  
Cristina Nieto ◽  
Magdalena Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Rust Severity ◽  
High Precipitation

A collection of 84 bread wheat Spanish landraces were inoculated with three isolates of leaf rust and one of yellow rust at the seedling stage in controlled conditions. The latency period of leaf rust on the susceptible landraces was also assessed. An extended collection of 149 landraces was planted in three locations in field trials to evaluate the naturally occurring leaf and yellow rust severity. Several landraces (36) were resistant to one leaf rust isolate at the seedling stage, but only one was resistant to all three isolates. Landraces resistant to PG14 leaf rust isolate originated from areas with higher precipitation and more uniform temperatures. Many resistant landraces were from the north-west zone of Spain, a region with high precipitation and uniform temperatures. Results from the field trials also confirmed this trend. Landraces from the north-west also possessed a longer latency period of leaf rust, an important component of partial resistance. Regarding yellow rust, 16 landraces showed a lower disease severity in the seedling tests. Again, the resistant landraces mostly originated from areas with higher precipitation (especially in winter) and more uniform temperature.

scholarly journals Virulence surveillance of wheat black stem rust fungus

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 803-812
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
The North ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Wheat Rust

General survey for wheat rust diseases in Iraqi fields was done during the seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012. The survey covered different fields in southern, middle and northern regions. Results of the first season indicated that most of Iraqi cultivars such as Tmmoze2, IPA 99 and Mexipak showed different types of susceptibility to both yellow and leaf rust infection. Disease severity increased when the conditions were favorable for infections with using susceptible cultivars. The severity of leaf rust was less in the north region comparing with the middle and south regions. Most of the introduced cultivars such as Sham6 and Cimmyto showed susceptible reaction to yellow and leaf rust. Yellow rust was in epiphytotic form at the Iraqi-Syrian-Turkish triangle where the disease severity was 100%. Low disease severity of stem rust was observed on some cultivars (1-5%), except for the cultivar Mexipak which showed 40%S in Najaf. Rusts at season of 2011 were restricted mostly in Baghdad and the yellow rust was dominant. The AUDPC of 15 wheat cultivars showed that Sawa and Sali were highly susceptible to the three types of rusts while Babil113 and Tamoze2 were resistant. No rusts were detected at season 2012.

Development of new bread wheat resistant mutants for Ug99 rust disease (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici).

2021 ◽  
pp. 312-319
Author(s):  
Abdulwahid Saif ◽  
Aref Al-Shamiri ◽  
Abdulnour Shaher
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Mutant Lines

Abstract M3 derived mutants from two bread wheat varieties, namely, 'Giza 186' and 'Saha 93', were screened for resistance to the rust Ug99 at two locations in Njoro (Kenya) and in Tihama (Yemen). At Tihama, two mutants of 'Giza 186' (G-M2-2010-1-28 and G-M2-2010-41-52) and four mutants of 'Saha 93' (S-M2-2010-16-12, S-M2-2010-21-13, S-M2-2010-22-14 and S-M2-2010-27-15) were seen to be resistant at both seedling and adult stages while their parents were resistant at seedling stage and susceptible at adult stage. In Kenya, the resistance score of the mutants was slightly different from those obtained at Tihama. The mutants G-M2-2010-1-28 and G-M2-2010-41-52 were stable in their level of resistance recorded at Tihama, but only two mutants of 'Saha 93' (S-M2-2010-16-12 and S-M2-2010-27-15) were resistant at both growth stages. S-M2-2010-22-14 and S-M2-2010-21-13 were resistant at the seedling stage while susceptible at adult stage. Further selection on these mutants for yield potential, agronomic performance and yellow rust disease resistance, as well as on selected mutants of both 'Giza 186' and 'Saha 93', at M5-M6 stages identified superior mutant lines compared with the two parents 'Saha 93' and 'Giza 186'. These included the line Erra-010-GM2w-41-52-40, which ranked first in yield (3768 kg/ha), followed by the lines Erra-010-SwM2-16-12-19, Erra-010-GM2w-1-28-18 and Erra-010-SwM2-22-14-6. Moreover, it can be concluded that Erra-010-GM2w-41-52-40 and Erra-010-SwM2-16-12-19 are highly recommended for their resistance to stem and yellow rust diseases as well as for yield potential and preference by farmers. Therefore, efforts are in progress to increase their seeds for dissemination over a wide range of farmers and wheat areas where rust diseases are an epidemic, and for registration of the lines as improved mutant varieties.

Slow leaf rust development on durum wheat

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1539-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Statler ◽  
J. T. Nordgaard ◽  
J. E. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Bread Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Slow Rusting ◽  
Apparent Infection Rate ◽  
Rust Severity

Several durum wheat (Triticitm durum) cultivars exhibiting susceptible or moderately susceptible reactions to the leaf rust fungus (Puccinia recondita tritici) were evaluated for slow rusting. Percentage severity and reactions for P. recondita tritici on each cultivar were evaluated periodically after initial infection. Logit analysis of disease progress curves was used to compare cultivars. The durum wheats consistently exhibited low rust severities in the field. The durums were always characterized by lower infection rates than the susceptible bread wheat cultivar Thatcher (Triticum aestivum). The area under the disease progress curve was smaller for the durum wheats than for Thatcher. The high correlation between apparent infection rate and the final rust severity indicated that final rust severity could be used as an indication of infection rate. The high correlation coefficient for the apparent infection rate between the two top leaves indicated that either leaf would provide an accurate evaluation of the cultivar. Yields of the durum wheat cultivars were not increased by controlling leaf rust. Yields of the susceptible bread wheat cultivar Thatcher were significantly increased by controlling leaf rust. The slow rusting displayed by the durum wheat cultivars studied apparently provide adequate protection against leaf rust under North Dakota conditions.

More on snails and islands: molecular systematics and taxonomic revision of Setobaudinia Iredale (Gastropoda : Camaenidae) from the Kimberley, Western Australia, with description of new taxa

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Criscione ◽  
Frank Köhler
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
High Precipitation

Setobaudinia Iredale, 1933 is a genus of camaenid land snails endemic to the Western Australian Kimberley. It comprises 20 currently recognised species, most of which occur within the north-western high precipitation zone between the Admiralty Gulf and Collier Bay and within less than 60 km distance from the coast. Exceptionally, two species are found on isolated limestone outcrops in the drier interior of the Victoria River District, Northern Territory. By studying the differentiation in shell and genital anatomy as well as in the mitochondrial markers 16S and COI, we revise the taxonomy of Setobaudinia and describe new taxa. The Northern Territory species S. victoriana Solem, 1985 is identified as a member of the genus Trachiopsis, which otherwise comprises species from the York Peninsula, Queensland. The species Damochlora spina Solem, 1985 is shown to be a member of the genus Setobaudinia. A new species from the eastern Kimberley has been identified as the sister group of Setobaudinia. It is placed in the new genus Kymatobaudinia for exhibiting morphological characteristics that differ from those of all other Setobaudinia species. In addition, we describe nine new species from coastal areas and islands off the cost throughout the south-west to north-west Kimberley: S. angustilabiata, sp. nov.; S. colmani, sp. nov.; S. incisa, sp. nov.; S. kessneri, sp. nov.; S. latilabiata, sp. nov.; S. longiflagellata, sp. nov.; S. malbyana, sp. nov.; S. minima, sp. nov.; S. plana, sp. nov. ZooBank Publication code: http://zoobank.org/References/3C953F1A-62E5-4CE5-9D5E-D8D5774B4059

Evaluation of Electrolysed Oxidizing Water for European Pear Rust Management on Pear (Pyrus cv. Conference)

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Glynn Percival
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Foliar Pathogen ◽  
Rust Severity ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Foliar Pathogens

Pear rust is a foliar pathogen of ornamental and fruiting pear trees. Unmanaged, yield and aesthetic losses can be severe. Over-reliance on synthetic fungicides means novel means of pathogen management are required. Field trials were conducted using pear (Pyrus cv. Conference) to assess the efficacy of electrolysed oxidizing water (EO water) as a rust protective compound. A synthetic fungicide (boscalid + pyraclostrobin) spray program used for pear rust management was included for comparison. Each treatment was applied 4 times prior to the visible appearance of rust (April through June, i.e., preventatively). Studies were conducted in 2017 and repeated in 2018. Efficacy of EO water as a rust protectant compound was confirmed (increased leaf chlorophyll content, reduced leaf rust incidence and severity). The degree of leaf rust severity protection conferred was not statistically different from a boscalid + pyraclostrobin spray program. Results suggest 4 spray applications of EO water provides a useful addition to existing methods of pear rust management under field conditions that may have applicability against other foliar pathogens.

scholarly journals Justification of the need to protect wheat crops against disease agents in the North–Eastern part of the Central Chernozem region

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012070
Author(s):  
Yu V Zeleneva ◽  
V P Sudnikova ◽  
V A Lavrinova ◽  
T S Polunina
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
The North ◽  
Causative Agents

Abstract To develop and optimize protective measures in the CCR conditions, an analysis of the epidemic resistance of zoned varieties and hybrid lines of spring wheat to the causative agents of septoria, brown and yellow rust was carried out; the effect of fungicides, biological agents, their binary mixtures was studied for wheat crops. Among the selection material of spring wheat, lines and numbers were identified and selected as potential genetic sources and donors, combining resistance to environmental stress factors (brown and yellow rust, septoria blight) with productivity and adaptability to the conditions of the Central Black Earth Region. Using DNA markers, Lr genes in the lines selected as potential donors of leaf rust resistance were identified. In the genotypes of selection lines, the Lr19 gene dominance was revealed in combination with the weakly effective genes Lr10, Lr 20, and Lr 26. It was observed that the combination of Lr19 + Lr26 increases the level of resistance. All zoned varieties were affected by diseases, which indicates the need for protective measures. The biological effectiveness of chemical and biological agents against aerogenic diseases was established in the range of 82.1-100%. Amistar Extra was effective against septoria, perenophorosis and leaf rust, Rex Duo was effective against leaf rust, Title Duo was effective against powdery mildew. Amist Extra 0.7 l / ha + Biostim 2.0 l / ha was effective against leaf rust (99.4%) and powdery mildew (98.9%). A mixture of Amistar Extra 0.7 l / ha and Alfastim 30 ml / ha was effective against septoria (93.0%) and pyrenoforosis (100%). Mixed forms of Amistar Extra 0.7 l / ha + Alfastim 30 ml / ha (91.3-95.7%) and Amistar Extra 0.7 l / ha + Healthy yield 0.9 l / ha (91.0-95.7%) were effective against septoria spot and brown rust.

scholarly journals Population studies of causative agent of wheat yellow rust in the Northwest Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Ekaterina L. Shaydayuk ◽  
Elena I. Gultyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

Wheat yellow rust (causative agent Puccinia striiformis West.) is a widespread disease of common wheat in the North-West Russia. A comparative analysis of P. striiformis populations, collected in the Leningrad region in 2019 on wheat and triticale, by virulence and racial composition was carried out for the first time. Virulence and racial composition of P. striiformis were studied using international and European sets of differentiating varieties and isogenic lines of “Avocet” with 20 Yr genes. A total of 55 single-pustule isolates of P. striiformis were studied, including 31 from common wheat, 10 from durum wheat and 14 from triticale. Using differentiating varieties, 2 races (111E247, 110E247) were identified among isolates from common wheat, 3 races from durum wheat (111E213, 111E231, 111E247), and 5 races from triticale (111E247, 78E209, 79E209, 111E231, 78E215). Using “Avocet” isogenic Yr lines, all isolates were avirulent to lines with the Yr5, Yr10, Yr11, Yr12, Yr15, Yr24, Yr26 genes and virulent to Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr18, YrSp, YrJr(18), YrAS genes. Isolates virulent to Yr17 were revealed on triticale; avirulent to YrSk (27) – on durum wheat. and avirulent to YrAR – on triticale. Highly effective Yr genes can be recommended for wheat resistance breeding to to yellow rust.

scholarly journals Identification of QTLs for resistance to leaf and stem rusts in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using a mapping population of ‘Pamyati Azieva × Paragon’

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 887-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Genievskaya ◽  
Y. Fedorenko ◽  
A. Sarbayev ◽  
A. Amalova ◽  
S. Abugalieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
The North

Leaf rust (LR) and stem rust (SR) are harmful fungal diseases of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The purpose of this study was to identify QTLs for resistance to LR and SR that are effective in two wheat-growing regions of Kazakhstan. To accomplish this task, a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of ‘Pamyati Azieva × Paragon’ was grown in the northern and southeastern parts of Kazakhstan, phenotyped for LR/SR severities, and analyzed for key yield components. The study revealed a negative correlation between disease severity and plant productivity in both areas. The mapping population was genotyped using a 20,000 Illumina SNP array. A total of 4595 polymorphic SNP markers were further selected for linkage analysis after filtering based on missing data percentage and segregation distortion. Windows QTL Cartographer was applied to identify QTLs associated with LR and SR resistances in the RIL mapping population studied. Two QTLs for LR resistance and eight for SR resistance were found in the north, and the genetic positions of eight of them have matched the positions of the known Lr and Sr genes, while two QTLs for SR were novel. In the southeast, eight QTLs for LR and one for SR were identified in total. The study is an initial step of the genetic mapping of LR and SR resistance loci of bread wheat in Kazakhstan. Field trials in two areas of the country and the genotyping of the selected mapping population have allowed identification of key QTLs that will be effective in regional breeding projects for better bread wheat productivity.

SEM and TEM observations of sperm development in the testis of the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
Daryl A. Cornish ◽  
George L. Smit
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Sem And Tem ◽  
Sperm Development ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽  
The University

Oreochromis mossambicus is currently receiving much attention as a candidater species for aquaculture programs within Southern Africa. This has stimulated interest in its breeding cycle as well as the morphological characteristics of the gonads. Limited information is available on SEM and TEM observations of the male gonads. It is known that the testis of O. mossambicus is a paired, intra-abdominal structure of the lobular type, although further details of its characteristics are not known. Current investigations have shown that spermatids reach full maturity some two months after the female becomes gravid. Throughout the year, the testes contain spermatids at various stages of development although spermiogenesis appears to be maximal during November when spawning occurs. This paper describes the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the testes and spermatids.Specimens of this fish were collected at Syferkuil Dam, 8 km north- west of the University of the North over a twelve month period, sacrificed and the testes excised.

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