scholarly journals The Influence of Water and Nitrogen Availability on the Expression of End-Use Quality Parameters of Spring Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yang ◽  
Xi Liang ◽  
Jessica Torrion ◽  
Olga Walsh ◽  
Katherine O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
End Use ◽  
Mild Drought

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain quality is determined by multiple physical and chemical attributes. However, previous studies mainly focused on protein quantity and composition, which may not be adequate for understanding grain quality, especially end-use quality. Field experiments were conducted at two locations for two years to better understand how and to what extent water and nitrogen (N) availability affect flour end-use quality. Four drought stress levels (i.e., mild, moderate, severe, and well-watered) and four N rates (i.e., zero, low, medium, and high) were applied to two spring wheat cultivars (i.e., Dayn and Egan). Evaluated end-use quality traits, including milling quality, mixograph parameters, flour protein and gluten contents, solvent retention capacity (SRC), and baking quality. Most end-use quality parameters were not significantly different between the well-watered treatment and mild drought stress in both cultivars. Nitrogen availability above the low rate (168 kg N ha−1) failed to further improve most end-use quality traits in either cultivar. Among all the end-use quality traits, lactic acid SRC may be a reliable indicator of flour end-use quality. These results indicate that mild drought stress (i.e., a 25% reduction in irrigation throughout the growing season) may not negatively affect end-use quality and excessive N fertilization offers minimal improvement in end-use quality. Such information could facilitate the development of irrigation and fertilization guidelines targeting at grain quality.

Impact of tillage and landscape position on nitrogen availability and yield of spring wheat in the Brown soil zone in southwestern Saskatchewan

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jowkin ◽  
J. J. Schoenau
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
No Till ◽  
Crop N Uptake

Nitrogen availability to a spring wheat crop was examined in the cropping season in a side-by-side comparison of no-till (first year) and tillage fallow in an undulating farm field in the Brown soil zone in southwestern Saskatchewan. Thirty different sampling points along a grid in each tillage landscape were randomly selected, representing 10 each of shoulder, footslope and level landscape positions. Nitrogen availability was studied i) by profile inorganic N content ii) by crop N uptake and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and iii) by 15N tracer technique and in situ burial of anion exchange resin membranes (AEM).Pre-seeding available moisture content of the surface soil samples was significantly higher under no-till compared with tillage fallow. However, no significant differences in pre-seeding profile total inorganic N, crop N uptake and yield were observed between the treatments. At the landform scale, shoulder positions of the respective tillage systems had lower profile inorganic N, crop N uptake and yield compared with other slope positions. Soil N supply power, as determined by 15N tracer and AEM techniques, was not significantly different between the tillage treatments, indicating that N availability is not likely to be greatly affected in initial years by switching to no-till fallow in these soils under normal moisture conditions. Key words: Summerfallow, landscape, nitrogen, wheat

scholarly journals Grain Quality and Multivariate Analysis of Various Quality Parameters in Rice Genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasturi Majumder ◽  
Disharee Nath ◽  
Rambilash Mallick ◽  
Tapash Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Thirty-six rice genotypes were evaluated for thirteen different quality parameters along with yield/plant to assess genetic estimates of the traits and the extent of genetic diversity among the varieties. Analysis of variance was conducted to determine GCV, PCV, heritability and GA of the genotypes with respect to all characters. Significant variation was observed in many traits among the genotypes offering scope for selection. Correlation analysis determined the nature of relationship among these characters. UPGMA studies revealed six major clusters and cluster I and II were the largest with maximum number of genotypes. The study identified that the varieties namely, Black Gora, Kalinga-2, Dudheswar, ARC 10086, IR-36, IR-64 and Nipponbare possessed good quality traits and high yield performance. The current study indicated that developing rice varieties for consumer acceptance with good grain quality traits along with high yield will be very useful in rice breeding and in selection of parents for hybridization to combine both high yield and improved quality traits.

scholarly journals Grain quality traits important in feed barley

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Māra Bleidere ◽  
Zinta Gaile
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Northern Areas

Grain quality traits important in feed barley Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) traditionally has been a major cereal crop for animal feed especially in Northern areas and also in Latvia. It is complicated to define what the ideal feed barley should be, as the requirements widely differ not only for different species, but even for different age groups of the same species of animals. Therefore, the breeding of feed barley has been developing very slowly and building on the basis of agronomic and beer barley quality parameters. Targeted breeding of barley varieties for a definite application purpose of the grain is connected with selection according to different criteria. The present article shows that the feed quality of barley is influenced both by physical grain quality indicators (colour, grain weight and size, hull content, 1000 grain weight, volume weight and grain hardness) and by the chemical composition (carbohydrates, non-starch polysaccharides, amino acids, fibre, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins). On the basis of the information collected, a profile of a high quality feed barley variety for different groups of animals is defined.

Genetic Gains in Agronomic and Selected End-Use Quality Traits over a Century of Plant Breeding of Canada Western Red Spring Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Hucl ◽  
Connie Briggs ◽  
Robert J. Graf ◽  
Ravindra N. Chibbar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
End Use

scholarly journals The use of a non-invasive electrical method to assess the chemical composition, hardness, and color of durum wheat grain cultivated in an integrated system.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna K. Banach ◽  
Katarzyna Majewska ◽  
Małgorzata Grzywińska-Rąpca ◽  
Krystyna Żuk-Gołaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Electrical Method ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract The aim of this research was: (1) to assess the effect of an integrated cultivation system of native durum wheat (6 variants), differentiated by a nitrogen fertilization dose (0, 80, 120 kg.ha-1) and growth regulator use (Medax 350 SC, with growth regulator - GR, without growth regulator - WGR) on changes in selected quality parameters (protein, lipid, and starch contents; hardness; color) and electrical parameters (conductive - Z and capacitive - Cp, Cs) of the grain; and (2) to determine the correlations between the examined quality traits and electrical properties of the grain to indicate the possibility of using a non-invasive electrical method to assess grain quality. The grain of durum wheat cultivated in the six variants tested differed mainly in the starch and lipid contents, which indicates the feasibility of tailored optimization of grain production. The highest contents of starch and total lipids, and the highest grain hardness were obtained in the cultivation variants GR+0N and WGR+0N, whereas the highest protein content - upon wheat fertilization with 120N. The study demonstrated a different strength of the correlations between the tested parameters depending on the cultivation method (WGR-GR; N: 0, 80, 120 kg.ha-1). In the WGR+0N variant (environmentally friendly), the strongest correlation between grain quality traits and electrical properties was obtained for both the conductive (Z) and capacitive (Cp, Cs) parameters in the entire analyzed range of current frequencies. The GR application during cultivation hampers the possibility of using electrical parameters to assess grain quality. In turn, the quality of the grain produced WGR can be effectively assessed using the Z, Cp, and Cs parameters in the entire measuring frequency range (1 kHz-1MHz), while in the variant with GR, only impedance (Z), measured at high frequencies (100 kHz, 1MHz) can be used.

scholarly journals Greater Nitrogen Availability, Nitrous Oxide Emissions, and Vegetable Yields with Fall-Applied Chicken Relative to Horse Manure

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Maltais-Landry ◽  
Zoran Nesic ◽  
Nicholas Grant ◽  
Brianna Thompson ◽  
Sean M. Smukler
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Horse Manure

Optimal manure management can maximize agronomic benefits and minimize environmental impacts. Field experiments were conducted in the Pacific Northwest (Vancouver, Canada) to determine how chicken and horse manures that were fall-applied to meet nitrogen crop demand affect soil ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−), apparent net mineralization (ANM) and nitrification (ANN), crop biomass and nutrient concentration, and fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4). Relative to horse manure, chicken manure increased soil NH4+ by 60-fold, ANM by 2-fold, and ANN by 4-fold. Emissions of N2O (+600%) and CO2 (+45%) were greater and growing season CO2 emissions (−40%) were lower after application of chicken than horse manure. Productivity of cover crop (+30%), legume cover crop (−25%), and squash cash crop (+20%) were affected by chicken relative to horse manure. Overall, fall-applied chicken manure increased yields, N availability, and environmental impacts relative to horse manure.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Impact of Drought Stress on Some Grain Quality Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulqarnain Haider ◽  
Umar Farooq ◽  
Imad Naseem ◽  
Samta Zia ◽  
Muhammad Alamgeer
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Retracted Article ◽  
Article Impact

scholarly journals The Effect of Drought Stress Treatment on Some Grain Quality Traits in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Dommalapati Sudhakara Rao ◽  
Midathala Raghavendra ◽  
Parveen Gill ◽  
Shashi Madan ◽  
Renu Munjal
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Climate change imposes many environmental stresses out of which drought stress is a major concern that significantly restricts crop production in arid and semi-arid regions. The negative impact on grain quality caused by drought stress is responsible for reduced grain yield and quality. Many previous studies aimed to understand the tolerance level of wheat varieties, but studies on grain quality traits assessment were less. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to study some grain quality traits and to determine how drought stress affected these parameters. Experiments with two wheat varieties viz. WH 1105 and WH 1025 were conducted in microplots with RBD design in open fields. Grains were selected after harvest of the crop and were used to evaluate sedimentation value, β carotene, crude fibre, total sugars and starch. Sedimentation values (ml) were increased more in WH 1025 (6.9 per cent) than WH 1105 (3.8 per cent). Beta carotene content (µg g-1 DW), crude fibre (%), total sugar (%) and starch (%) contents were decreased in both wheat varieties and more decrease was observed in WH 1105 than WH 1025 under drought condition than irrigated condition. The study revealed that quality traits of WH 1105 were much affected than WH 1025 under drought stress.

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