scholarly journals Imbalanced Soil Chemical Properties and Mineral Nutrition in Relation to Growth and Yield Decline of Sesame on Different Continuously Cropped Upland Fields Converted Paddy

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wacal ◽  
Ogata ◽  
Basalirwa ◽  
Sasagawa ◽  
Ishigaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Yield Decline ◽  
Upland Field

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oilseed crop, but is negatively affected by continuous cropping. There is still a lack of information on the effect of continuous cropping on soil chemical properties and mineral nutrition related to sesame growth and yield decline. Therefore, we investigated sesame growth and yield, nutrient concentration and soil chemical properties on five fields with continuous cropping history: non-continuous cropping (Year 0) and durations of two, four, five and six years on an upland field converted paddy in Tottori, Japan. Results show that plant height significantly decreased by 18.76%, 15.22%, and 13.64% in the Year 4, Year 5 and Year 6 fields, respectively, compared to Year 0. The effect of continuous cropping was more pronounced on the 1000-seed weight decline than seed yield. Compared to Year 0, seed yield decreased by 52.86% in Year 2 with no significant differences among the Year 2, Year 4, Year 5 and Year 6 fields, whereas the 1000-seed weight decreased by 6.68% and 12.20% in the Year 2 and Year 5 fields, respectively, compared to Year 0. Plant leaf tissue N concentration significantly decreased in the Year 2, Year 4 and Year 6 fields compared to Year 0, whereas leaf tissue K concentration decreased in the Year 6 field. The increase in duration of continuous cropping years gradually altered soil chemical properties. Soil pH, exchangeable Ca and Mg and cation exchange capacity (CEC) gradually increased in the long duration of continuous cropping, whereas total N and C, exchangeable NH4+-N, urease, dehydrogenase and catalase activities decreased. Our study suggested that the decrease in soil available N and enzyme activities, and decrease in K nutrition due to competitive ion effect as a result of increase in soil Ca and Mg could possibly contribute to the growth and yield decline of continuous sesame on upland field converted paddy.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Sumber dan Dosis Bahan Organik terhadap Perubahan sifat Kimia Tanah, Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.Moench) var. KD4 di Lahan Kering Jatikerto, Malang

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Edy Suminarti ◽  
A.Y. Edy Guntoro ◽  
A. N. Fajrin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Suminarti et al, 2018. Effect of Source and Dosage of Organic Materials on Changes in Soil Chemical Properties, Growth and Yield of Sorghum Plants (Sorghum bicolor L.Moench) var. KD4 in Dry Land Jatikerto, Malang. JLSO 7(2): Agricultural extensification is the right step to anticipate conditions of food insecurity. This refers to two reasons, namely (1) proliferation of land conversion activities, and (2) sorghum is a carbohydrate-producing plant that is quite tolerant when planted on dry land. The objective of this study was to obtain information about the sources and doses of organic matter that are appropriate to changes in soil chemical properties, growth and yield of sorghum plants, and has been carried out in the dry land of Jatikerto, Malang. A split plot designs with three replications were used in this study, sources of organic material (blothong, UB compost and cow dung) as the main plot, and doses of organic matter (125%, 100% and 75%) as a subplot. Soil analysis was carried out 3 times, i.e. before planting, after application of organic matter and at harvest. The agronomic observations were carried out destructively at 80 days after planting (DAP) including the components of growth (root dry weight, leaf area, and total dry weight of the plant) and harvest at the age of 90 DAP.F test at 5% level was used to test the effect of treatment, while the difference between treatments was based on LSD level of 5%.The results showed that there was a significant interaction between the source and dosage of organic matter on the leaf area and total dry weight, the highest yield was obtained in blothong at various doses. Higher yields of seeds per hectare were also found in blotong: 1.76 tons ha-1, and 1.73 tons ha-1 on 125% doses of organic matter. Blotong application is able to provide elements of N, P and K soil respectively 18.3%, 85.68% and 8.42% for plant.

scholarly journals Liming Effects of Sawdust Ash and Lime on Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Yield in Acidic Soil of Southeastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
C. V. Ogbenna ◽  
V. E. Osodeke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Head Weight

Aim: A pot experiment was carried out to determine the effect of sawdust ash and lime (Ca(OH)2) on soil characteristics and yield of sunflower in acidic soil of southeastern Nigeria. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in split-plot design, using sawdust ash (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 t ha-1) as the sub plot and lime (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 t ha-1) as the main plot. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted outdoors at Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Nigeria, during the 2010 planting season. Materials and Methods: Treatment combinations were applied to the 60 buckets containing soil, mixed thoroughly and watered adequately. After 1 week of treatment application, two sunflower seeds were planted and later thinned to one seedling per bucket. Plant growth and yield data were collected. Pre planting and post-harvest soil samples were collected and analyzed for soil properties. Results: Results showed that with the exception of organic carbon there was significant effect of treatments on all soil chemical properties. Lime and sawdust ash (SDA) as single and combined treatments significantly increased total nitrogen (P=0.05), available phosphorus (P<0.010), and base saturation (P<0.012). The interaction between SDA and lime significantly (P=0.05) increased total exchangeable bases and effective cation exchange capacity, while soil pH was significantly increased (P=0.05) by single applications. The increases in soil chemical properties led to significant positive response of the sunflower. With the exception of number of leaves, other plant parameters (Plant height, stem diameter, head weight, 50 seed weight, head diameter) had significant increases for sawdust ash alone at P=0.05. Correlation studies showed positive significant relationship between soil pH and sunflower yield. Conclusion: The study showed that sunflower performed best at the combination of 3 tha-1 SDA and 1.5 t ha-1 lime producing a mean head weight of 45.4 g.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Performance of Bari Mung-5 Under Different Time of Sowing

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-231
Author(s):  
Nargis Jahan ◽  
M M Golam Adam
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Pod Length

A field experiment was carried out at University of Dhaka from March to July, 2011 to study the effect of time of sowing on the growth and yield of BARI mung-5. The treatments consisted of three dates of sowing viz. March 15, April 15 and May 15. The crop responded significantly to sowing time and 15 April sowing seeds produced plants having maximum plant height (68.4 cm), leaves/plant (29.33), total dry matter/plant (17.99), branches/plant (8.17), pods/plant (11.33), pod length (8.78 cm), seeds/pod (11.17), 1000 seed weight (46.52 g), seed yield/plant (5.33 g), yield/ha (1.77 t) and harvest index (29.58 %) at harvest. The seed yield decreased by 36.8 and 49.9% when seed sown early (15 March) or late (15 May) due to production of lower yield components.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v36i2.12966   Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 2, 227-231, 2012    

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) tolerance to imazethapyr

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
G. Saindon
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Bean Yield

A field study was conducted during 3 yr to determine the growth and yield response of Pinto, Pink Red and Great Northern dry beans to various doses of imazethapyr. Imazethapyr was applied postemergence at 0, 25, 50 75 100, 150, and 200 g ha−1 to each class of dry bean. Results indicated that these four classes of dry beans responded similarly to imazethapyr. Dry bean injury increased and yields were reduced as dose of imazethapyr increased. At the proposed use dose of 50 g ha−1, imazethapyr reduced yield by 5 to 6%. Imazethapyr at 100 g ha−1 reduced dry bean yield by 10 to 12% and delayed maturity by 3 to 4 d. Benefits of superior weed control attained with imazethapyr should be weighed against potential crop injury when growers consider using imazethapyr in their dry bean weed management programs. Key words: Herbicide injury, maturity, seed yield, seed weight

Effect of rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) on soybean yield and quality in south-eastern Queensland

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJ Ogle ◽  
DE Byth ◽  
R McLean
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
The University ◽  
Filled Seeds

In a field trial conducted at the University of Queensland Research Farm, Redland Bay in 1976, plots of soybeans were protected from rust, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, with mancozeb sprays for varying periods after sowing. Seed yield losses were 60–70% in the most severely rusted plots. In a glasshouse trial, rust inoculations were commenced at regular intervals during growth, and yield was reduced by 95% in plants inoculated immediately prior to flowering. In both trials, reduced yield was associated with reductions in the number of filled pods per plant, the number of filled seeds per plant and seed weight. The oil but not the protein content of the seed was also reduced in the more severely rusted treatments in the field trial.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Rates of Poultry Manure and Split Applications of Urea Fertilizer on Soil Chemical Properties, Growth, and Yield of Maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Aruna Olasekan Adekiya ◽  
Oluwaseyi Iyabo Ogunboye ◽  
Babatunde Sunday Ewulo ◽  
Adeniyi Olayanju
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
N Demand

During integrated nutrient management involving poultry manure (PM) and urea fertilizer (UF) for maize (Zea mays L.), it is necessary to investigate the best time to apply UF that will optimize soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize. Hence, studies were carried out to investigate the effect of different rates of PM and single and split applications (SA) of UF on soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize. The treatment involved three levels of PM (0.0, 4.0, and 8.0 t·ha−1) and four sets of periods of UF: (i) 0 kg N ha-1 (control), (ii) 120 kg N ha-1 applied at planting (AP), (iii) two SA of 120 kg N ha−1 (90 kg N ha-1 applied AP + 30 kg N ha-1 at thirty days after planting (DAP)), and (iv) three SA of 120 kg N ha-1 (60 kg N ha-1 applied AP + 30 kg N ha-1 thirty DAP + 30 kg N ha-1 at tasseling). The 12 treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. PM and UF alone and integrating UF with PM improved soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize compared with the control. SA of UF three times (60 + 30 + 30) had the most improved soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize. Results also showed that maize yielded higher under UF integrated with PM compared with their sole forms. Application of 60 + 30+30 with 8 t ha−1PM (60 + 30+30 + 8 t ha−1PM) or with 4 t ha−1PM treatments showed the highest growth and yield of maize, but due to the bulkiness, handling challenges, and cost of PM, 60 + 30+30 + 4 t ha−1PM is recommended. Therefore, for better growth and yield of maize, after the initial application of PM, UF application should be split-applied in accordance with plant growth and the pattern of uptake to avoid losses by leaching and therefore ensured that N level in the soil is high at the critical stage of N demand.

Influence of Seed Inoculation with Commercial Bacterial Inoculants (Bradyrhizobium Japonicum) on Growth and Yield of Soybean

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Jarecki ◽  
D Bobrecka Jamro
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Bacterial Inoculants ◽  
Seed Inoculation

A field experiment was carried out with three bacterial inoculants: HiStick® Soy, Nitragina, Nitrazon and the control. Number and dry weight of nodules were significantly higher with inoculation of bacterial inoculants compared to the control. In 2017, the most pods per plant were obtained after the use of Nitrazon or HiStick® Soy, while in 2018, after the use of HiStick® Soy or Nitragina. In 2018, the highest 1000 seed weight was obtained after the use of Nitragina. In 2017, the seed yield was the most favourably affected by the inoculants HiStick®Soy (3.31 t ha-1) and Nitrazon (3.37 t ha-1) and in 2018, by HiStick® Soy (3.92 t ha-1) and Nitragina (3.87 t ha-1). High Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) and Leaf Area Index (LAI) readings, were observed with HiStick® Soy.

scholarly journals SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND COCOYAM YIELD UNDER DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN A TROPICAL ALFISOL

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. ADEKIYA ◽  
S. O. OJENIYI ◽  
T. M. AGBEDE
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Tillage Methods ◽  
And Chemical Properties

SUMMARYExperimental data on tillage requirement of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) are needed to identify the most suitable tillage methods for managing the fragile Alfisols of the humid tropics to ensure sustained productivity. Hence, five tillage methods were compared as to their effects on soil physical and chemical properties, and growth and yield of cocoyam on an Alfisol at Owo in the forest-savanna transition zone of southwest Nigeria. The experiment consisted of five tillage methods: manual clearing (MC), manual ridging (MR), manual mounding (MM), ploughing + harrowing (P + H) and ploughing + harrowing twice (P + 2 H) were used for three years at two sites in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In the first two years (2007 and 2008), P + H produced the least soil bulk density and highest growth and yield, whereas in the third year (2009), MC produced the lowest soil bulk density and best performance of cocoyam. Manual clearing produced the best values of soil chemical properties in 2008 and 2009. Averaged over the three years, P + H, MR and MM had lower soil bulk density hence better growth and yield compared with P + 2 H and MC. Over the three years MC, MM, MR and P + H increased cocoyam cormel yield by 10, 21, 23 and 32%, respectively, over P + 2 H.The corresponding increases in corm yield were 7, 15, 13 and 21%, respectively. The multiple regressions revealed that bulk density and moisture content significantly influenced the yield of cocoyam. Soil chemical properties were not significant. Bulk density rather than soil chemical properties dictated the performance of cocoyam in an Alfisol of southwest Nigeria. Soil quality was degraded by P + 2H. For small farms, either MR or MM is recommended while P + H is recommended for large-scale farming of cocoyam.

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