scholarly journals Residual Distribution Kinetics of Pesticides in Cherry Tomato Peel, Pulp, and Fruit as a Function of Irrigation Water Salinity, Household Rinsing, and Storage Regimen

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob A. Shimshoni ◽  
Vijayakumar Bommuraj ◽  
Yaira Chena ◽  
Roy Sperling ◽  
Shimon Barel ◽  
...  

The increased demand of high quantity and quality of cherry tomatoes requires the application of a wide range of pre-harvest pesticides. The application of dozens of pre-harvest pesticides frequently results in multiple pesticide residues, to which the end consumer is exposed. Incorrect usage of these pesticides may result in hazardous food contamination and therefore, it is crucial to monitor pesticide residues in pre- and post-marketed agricultural commodities. Hence, the objectives of the present study were to characterize the distribution and residual levels of pre-harvest pesticides applied on cherry tomatoes, as a function of regulated storage conditions, irrigation water salinity levels, and tap water rinsing. The fruits were grown in a greenhouse and were designated for the local and international markets. The residual pesticide levels allowed us to perform a dietary risk assessment for the consumption of contaminated tomatoes. Tetraconazole was the only pesticide residue, exceeding the maximal residue limit (MRL) value of 50 µg/kg in the fruits after 5 days of storage time. Since tetraconazole was shown to potentially impair reproduction and fetal development, it is suggested that the last application of this pesticide would be restricted to not less than 56 days before harvest. The extent of pesticide peel penetrability as well as the pesticide distribution and residual levels in the peel and pulp were unaffected by the salinity level (electrical conductivity 1.5–3 ds/m) of the irrigation water. The most commonly applied household washing procedure for fruit and vegetables, using running tap water for 30 s, was ineffective in removing residual pesticides from the peel. Hence, more efficient washing procedures are required to improve consumers’ safety.

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Levy Lima Demontiêzo ◽  
Márcio Facundo Aragão ◽  
Manoel Valnir Júnior ◽  
Francisco José Carvalho Moreira ◽  
Pedro Victor Veras Paiva ◽  
...  

EMERGÊNCIA E CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE TOMATE ‘SANTA CLARA’ EM FUNÇÃO DA SALINIDADE E CONDIÇÕES DE PREPARO DAS SEMENTES  FRANCISCO LEVY LIMA DEMONTIÊZO1; MÁRCIO FACUNDO ARAGÃO¹; MANOEL VALNIR JUNIOR²; FRANCISCO JOSÉ CARVALHO MOREIRA³; PEDRO VICTOR VERAS PAIVA¹ E SILVIO CARLOS RIBEIRO VIEIRA LIMA2 ¹Acadêmicos de Tecnologia em Irrigação e Drenagem, IFCE, Campus Sobral, Sobral - CE, CEP: 62.040-775, e-mail: [email protected] em Engenharia Agrícola, Eixo Tecnológico de Recursos Naturais, Instituto Federal do Ceará, IFCE, Campus Sobral, Sobral - CE, CEP: 62.042-030 , e-mail: [email protected]³Doutorando em Biotecnologia RENORBIO (Recursos Naturais), Eixo Tecnológico de Recursos Naturais, Instituto Federal do Ceará, IFCE, Campus Sobral, Sobral - CE, CEP: 62.042-030 , e-mail: [email protected] em Engenharia Agrícola, Diretor de Agronegócio da Agência de Desenvolvimento do Estado do Ceará (Adece), CEP: 60.160-320, e-mail: [email protected]         1 RESUMO O tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) é a hortaliça mais consumida do Brasil, no entanto, problemas de salinidade interferem na produção da mesma. Diante disso, objetivou-se com o estudo avaliar a emergência e crescimento inicial de tomate ‘Santa Clara’, em função da salinidade da água de irrigação e diferentes condições de preparo das sementes. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Instituto Federal do Ceará (IFCE) - Campus Sobral, em duas etapas distintas, em Laboratório e no Telado Agrícola, sendo esta segunda em Delineamento em Blocos ao Acaso (DBA), em esquema fatorial 3 x 5, composta de três condições de preparo das sementes (plantio direto de sementes; sementes embebidas em solução salina a 3,0 dSm-¹ por 48 h, sementes embebidas em água da torneira por 24 h, em temperatura ambiente) e cinco níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,3; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5; 4,5 dSm-¹) com 3 repetições e 15 sementes de cada. As variáveis de emergência de plântulas do tomateiro analisadas aos 15 dias após a semeadura (DAS) foram: percentagem de emergência (%E), tempo médio de emergência (TME) e índice de velocidade emergência (IVE) e de crescimento inicial aos 20 DAS, foram: altura da planta (AP), número de folhas (NF), diâmetro do caule (DC), comprimento da raiz (CR), peso da matéria fresca da parte aérea (PMFPA), peso da matéria fresca da raiz (PMFR), peso da matéria seca da parte aérea (PMSPA) e peso da matéria seca da raiz (PMSR). Dos resultados concluiu-se que a condição de preparo das sementes embebidas em solução salina a 3,0 dSm-¹ por 48 h foi eficaz para todas as variáveis analisadas; - o nível de salinidade afetou negativamente as variáveis estudadas a partir de 3,5 dSm-¹; - as condições em que continham embebições, independente da forma, mostraram efeito positivo na emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de tomateiro. Palavras-Chave: Solanum lycopersicum, vigor, condicionamento osmótico, estresse.  F. L. L. DEMONTIEZO¹; M. F. ARAGÃO¹; M. VALNIR JUNIOR²; F. J. C. MOREIRA³; P. V. V. PAIVA¹; S. C. R. V. LIMA2.EMERGENCY AND INITIAL GROWTH OF THE "SANTA CLARA" TOMATOES, DEPENDING ON THE SALINITY AND PREPARATION CONDITIONS OF SEEDS2 ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to evaluate the emergence and early growth of the 'Santa Clara' tomato crop, depending on irrigation, water salinity and different conditions of preparation of seeds. The work was developed in IFCE - Campus Sobral, in two stages: in the laboratory and in the agricultural greenhouse, which is second in experimental design of randomized blocks in a factorial 3 x 5, composed of three conditions of preparation of seeds (till seeds, seeds soaked in saline 3.0 dSm-1 for 48h imbibed seed in tap water for 24h at room temperature) and five levels of irrigation water salinity (0.3; 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 dSm-¹). The tomato seedlings emergency treatments at 15 DAS were: emergency percentage (PE), mean emergence time (TME) and emergency speed index (EVI), and initial growth to 20 DAS were: plant height (AP), number of leaves (NF), stem diameter (DC), root length (CR), fresh weight of shoot (PMFPA), fresh weight of the root (PMFR), dry weight of part air (PMSPA) and dry matter weight of the root (PMSR). From the results, it was concluded that: - the status of preparation of seeds soaked in saline to 3.0 dSm-¹ for 48 h was effective for all variables; - The level of salinity negatively affected the variables from 3.5 dSm-¹; - The conditions contained soaks, which regardless of the form, showed a positive effect on the emergence and early development. Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum, force, priming, stress.


Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi ◽  
Mahnaz Khataar

We developed a numerical model to predict soil salinity from knowledge of evapotranspiration rate, crop salt tolerance, irrigation water salinity, and soil hydraulic properties. Using the model, we introduced a new weighting function to express the limitation imposed by salinity on plant available water estimated by the integral water capacity concept. Lower and critical limits of soil water uptake by plants were also defined. We further analysed the sensitivity of model results to underlying parameters using characteristics given for corn, cowpea, and barley in the literature and two clay and sandy loam soils obtained from databases. Results showed that, between two irrigation events, soil salinity increased nonlinearly with decreasing soil water content especially when evapotranspiration and soil drainage rate were high. The salinity weighting function depended greatly on the plant sensitivity to salinity and irrigation water salinity. This research confirmed that both critical and lower limits (in terms of water content) of soil water uptake by plants increased with evapotranspiration rate and irrigation water salinity. Since the presented approach is based on a physical concept and well-known plant parameters, soil hydraulic characteristics, irrigation water salinity, and meteorological conditions, it may be useful in spatio-temporal modelling of soil water quality and quantity and prediction of crop yield.


2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1008
Author(s):  
JOÃO PEDRO ALVES DE AQUINO ◽  
ANTÔNIO AÉCIO DE CARVALHO BEZERRA ◽  
FRANCISCO DE ALCÂNTARA NETO ◽  
CARLOS JOSÉ GONCALVES DE SOUZA LIMA ◽  
RAYLSON RODRIGUES DE SOUSA

ABSTRACT Cowpea is broadly cultivated worldwide, especially in semi-arid or arid regions where soil or irrigation water salt contents can negatively influence the species’ productive capacity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphophysiological responses of cowpea genotypes to irrigation water salinity. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, under a completely randomized design with nine replications and in a 5x3 factorial scheme. Treatments consisted of five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity - EC (EC0: 0.55; EC1: 1.60; EC2: 3.20; EC3: 4.80 and EC4: 6.40 dS m-1), applied from the 15th day after sowing (DAS), and three cowpea genotypes (G1: BRS Imponente; G2: MNC04-795F-168 and G3: MNC04-795F-159). EC increases at 35 DAS promoted stem diameter reductions of 8.0% (G1), 11.4% (G2), and 7.7% (G3), indicating different resistance to salinity by each genotype. Leaf area reductions at 25 and 38 DAS were 30.9% and 38.8% for EC0 and EC4, respectively. The BRS Imponente cultivar presented a performance superior to those of G2 and G3 in relation to stem diameter and stem dry matter at 25 DAS, and root-shoot and root-leaf ratios at 38 DAS.


2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanti Mindari ◽  
. Maroeto ◽  
. Syekhfani

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