scholarly journals Myostatin (MSTN) Gene Indel Variation and Its Associations with Body Traits in Shaanbei White Cashmere Goat

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Bi ◽  
Bo Feng ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Haijing Zhu ◽  
Lei Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Cashmere Goat ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Mstn Gene ◽  
Almost All

Myostatin (MSTN) gene, also known as growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF8), is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta super-family and plays a negative role in muscle development. It acts as key points during pre- and post-natal life of amniotes that ultimately determine the overall muscle mass of animals. There are several studies that concentrate on the effect of a 5 bp insertion/deletion (indel) within the 5’ untranslated region (5’ UTR) of goat MSTN gene in goats. However, almost all sample sizes were below 150 individuals. Only in Boer goats, the sample sizes reached 482. Hence, whether the 5 bp indel was still associated with the growth traits of goats in large sample sizes which were more reliable is not clear. To find an effective and dependable DNA marker for goat rearing, we first enlarged the sample sizes (n = 1074, Shaanbei White Cashmere goat) which would enhance the robustness of the analysis and did the association analyses between the 5 bp indel and growth traits. Results uncovered that the 5 bp indel was significantly related to body height, height at hip cross, and chest width index (p < 0.05). In addition, individuals with DD genotype had a superior growing performance than those with the ID genotype. These findings suggested that the 5 bp indel in MSTN gene are significantly associated with growth traits and the specific genotype might be promising for maker-assisted selection (MAS) of goats.

scholarly journals A novel 17 bp indel in the <i>SMAD3</i> gene alters transcription level, contributing to phenotypic traits in Chinese cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Shi ◽  
Wenwen Peng ◽  
Jianyu Yan ◽  
Hanfang Cai ◽  
Xianyong Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Chinese Cattle ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Dna Pool

Abstract. SMAD3, the messenger of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway, plays essential roles in myogenesis and osteogenesis and may relate to the regulation of body weight. In this study, a 17 bp indel (NC_007308: g.101893_101909insGAGGATGAGTGCTCCAG) in intron3 of the SMAD3 gene was detected in four Chinese cattle breeds (Qinchuan, Jiaxian, Nanyang and Caoyuan) by using DNA pool sequencing, and its effects on gene expression and growth traits were analyzed in Qinchuan and Caoyuan cattle. The results showed that the indel locus was significantly associated with SMAD3 transcriptional levels where II genotypes had a higher value than DD genotypes in Qinchuan (QC) cattle muscle tissue (P < 0.05). In addition, the locus was strongly associated with chest girth, chest width, rump length, hucklebone width and body weight in 2-year-old QC cattle (P < 0.05) and body weight (12 months), body height (18 months) and chest girth (18 months) in Caoyuan cattle (P < 0.5). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence of the association between SMAD3 indel and cattle phenotype, and it may contribute to understanding the function of the indel, which could be a promising marker for beef cattle breeding.

scholarly journals Detection of 15-bp Deletion Mutation within PLAG1 Gene and Its Effects on Growth Traits in Goats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2064
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Wei ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Hui Wu ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Chuanying Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Cashmere Goat ◽  
Indel Mutation ◽  
Body Stature ◽  
Body Index

Stature and weight are important growth and development traits for animals, which also significantly affect the productivity of livestock. Polymorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) is located in the growth-related quantitative trait nucleotides (QTN), and its variation has been determined to significantly affect the body stature of bovines. This study found that novel 15-bp InDel could significantly influence important growth traits in goats. The frequencies of genotypes of the 15-bp mutation and relationship with core growth traits such as body weight, body height, height at hip cross, chest circumference, hip width and body index were explored in 1581 individuals among 4 Chinese native goat breeds. The most frequent genotypes of Shaanbei white Cashmere goat (SWCG), Inner Mongolia White Cashmere goat (IMCG) and Guanzhong Dairy goat (GZDG) were II genotypes (insertion/insertion), and the frequency of ID genotype (insertion/deletion) was found to be slightly higher than that of II genotype in Hainan Black goat (HNBG), showing that the frequency of the I allele was higher than that of the D allele. In adult goats, there were significant differences between 15-bp variation and body weight, chest circumference and body height traits in SWCG (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the locus was also found to be significantly correlated with the body index of HNBG (p = 0.044) and hip width in GZDG (p = 0.002). In regard to lambs, there were significant differences in height at the hip cross of SWCG (p = 0.036) and hip width in IMWC (p = 0.005). The corresponding results suggest that the 15-bp InDel mutation of PLAG1 is associated with the regulation of important growth characteristics of both adult and lamb of goats, which may serve as efficient molecular markers for goat breeding.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Profiling in Ovaries and Association Analyses Reveal HEP21 as a Candidate Gene for Sexual Maturity in Chickens

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Biao Chen ◽  
Guitao Liang ◽  
Xuenong Zhu ◽  
Yuwen Tan ◽  
Jiguo Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Ovary Development ◽  
Integrin Subunit ◽  
Association Analyses

The age of onset of sexual maturity is an important reproductive trait in chickens. In this study, we explored candidate genes associated with sexual maturity and ovary development in chickens. We performed DGE RNA-sequencing analyses of ovaries of pre-laying (P-F-O1, L-F-O1) and laying (P-F-O2, L-F-O2) hens of two sub-breeds of Ningdu Yellow chicken. A total of 3197 genes were identified in the two comparisons, and 966 and 1860 genes were detected exclusively in comparisons of P-F-O1 vs. P-F-O2 and L-F-O1 vs. L-F-O2, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed that genes involved in transmembrane signaling receptor activity, cell adhesion, developmental processes, the neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction pathway, and the calcium signaling pathway were enriched in both comparisons. Genes on these pathways, including growth hormone (GH), integrin subunit beta 3 (ITGB3), thyroid stimulating hormone subunit beta (TSHB), prolactin (PRL), and transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFB3), play indispensable roles in sexual maturity. As a gene unique to poultry, hen egg protein 21 kDa (HEP21) was chosen as the candidate gene. Differential expression and association analyses were performed. RNA-seq data and qPCR showed that HEP21 was significantly differentially expressed in pre-pubertal and pubertal ovaries. A total of 23 variations were detected in HEP21. Association analyses of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HEP21 and reproductive traits showed that rs315156783 was significantly related to comb height at 84 and 91 days. These results indicate that HEP21 is a candidate gene for sexual maturity in chickens. Our results contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of sexual maturity and reproduction in chickens.

Extracellular matrix in obesity – cancer interactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephany C. Barreto ◽  
Christina A. Hopkins ◽  
Meghnad Bhowmick ◽  
Amitabha Ray
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Matricellular Proteins ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Chemical Mediators

AbstractObesity or overweight is a risk factor for several health disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and certain cancers. Furthermore, obesity affects almost all body systems including the extracellular matrix (ECM) by generating a pro-inflammatory environment, which are associated with abnormal secretions of several cytokines or hormonal substances, for example, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), leptin, and sex hormones. These chemical mediators most likely have a great impact on the ECM. Accumulating evidence suggests that both obesity and ECM can influence tumor growth and progression through a number of chemical mediators. Conversely, cells in the connective tissue, namely fibroblasts and macrophages, support and aggravate the inflammatory situation in obesity by releasing several cytokines or growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). A wide range of functions are performed by TGF-β in normal health and pathological conditions including tumorigenesis. Breast cancer in postmenopausal women is a classic example of obesity-related cancer wherein several of these conditions, for example, higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, impairment in the regulation of estrogen and growth factors, and dysregulation of different ECM components may favor the neoplastic process. Aberrant expressions of ECM components such as matrix metalloproteinases or matricellular proteins in both obesity and cancer have been reported by many studies. Nonstructural matricellular proteins, viz., thrombospondins, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), and Cyr61-CTGF-Nov (CCN), which function as modulators of cell-ECM interactions, exhibit protean behavior in cancer. Precise understanding of ECM biology can provide potential therapeutic targets to combat obesity-related pathologies.

scholarly journals Enhanced Muscle Growth by Plasmid-Mediated Delivery of Myostatin Propeptide

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengwei Hu ◽  
Chuangfu Chen ◽  
Jingliang Sheng ◽  
Yufang Sun ◽  
Xudong Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Dna Encoding ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Myostatin Inhibition

Myostatin is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily that functions as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development and growth. Myostatin blockade therefore offers a strategy for promoting muscle growth in livestock production without resorting to genetic manipulation. In this report, we examined the effect of myostatin inhibition by plasmid-mediated delivery of a mutant myostatin propeptide (MProD76A), a natural inhibitor of myostatin, on the growth performance of mice. A significant increase in skeletal muscle mass was observed after a single intramuscular injection of naked plasmid DNA encoding MProD76A into mice. Enhanced muscle growth occurred because of myofiber hypertrophy, but no cardiac muscle hypertrophy and organomegaly was observed in the mice after myostatin inhibition by plasmid-mediated MProD76A delivery. These results demonstrate a promising approach to enhancing muscle growth that warrants further investigation in domestic animals.

scholarly journals Detection of insertion/deletions (indels) of the <i>ATBF1</i> gene and their effects on growth-related traits in three indigenous goat breeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Wei ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Yiqing Hui ◽  
Hailong Yan ◽  
Haijing Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Growth Trait ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Cashmere Goat ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Indigenous Goat ◽  
First Time ◽  
Black Goat

Abstract. The AT motif-binding factor (ATBF1), also known as zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFXH3), is necessary for activating the POU1F1 gene; thus, the ATBF1 gene greatly affects the grow traits in animals. The objective of this work was to explore novel indel (insertion/deletion) variations and their associations with growth traits in three native Chinese goat breeds. Two indels within the ATBF1 gene were found in the Shaanbei white cashmere goat (SWCG; n=581), the Guanzhong dairy goat (GZDG; n=334) and the Hainan black goat (HNBG; n=270) for the first time using 12 pairs of primers. Association analysis revealed that the P1-12-bp indel was consistently correlated with the body height of the three breeds, and individuals with ID (insertion/deletion) and DD (deletion/deletion) genotypes had a higher body weight than the II (insertion/insertion) genotype (P=0.036); the P11-6-bp indel was consistently correlated with chest circumference and hip width of the three breeds. Moreover, these two loci were associated with other several growth-related traits in different breeds. Hence, these findings indicated that the goat ATBF1 gene had marked effects on growth traits and the growth-trait-related loci, which would contribute to improving the growth-related traits of local breeds in the goat industry by implementing marker-assisted selection (MAS).

scholarly journals The 10 bp duplication insertion/deletion in the promoter region within paired box 7 gene is associated with growth traits in cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunyun Jin ◽  
Hanfang Cai ◽  
Jiming Liu ◽  
Fengpeng Lin ◽  
Xinglei Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Promoter Region ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Chinese Cattle ◽  
Animal Growth

Abstract. Paired box 7 (Pax7) gene, a member of the paired box gene family, plays a critical role in animal growth and muscle development, especially in cell proliferation and self-renewal. The aim of this study was to detect the 10 base pair (bp) duplication insertion/deletion (indel) in the promoter region within the bovine Pax7 gene as well as its association with growth traits. Herein, a total of 718 individuals from five Chinese cattle breeds were sampled and detected. The 10 bp duplication indel was found in these cattle breeds and there were three genotypes: II (insertion/insertion), ID (insertion/deletion), and DD (deletion/deletion). Moreover, this indel was significantly associated with the body weight in Xianan cattle (P = 0.006), the body height in Jinjiang cattle (P = 0.046), and the hip width in Pi'nan cattle (P = 0.020). Consistently, the individuals with II genotype showed better phenotypic traits than those with the other genotypes in these five breeds. These findings suggest that the 10 bp duplication indel within the bovine Pax7 gene could be considered as an effective DNA molecular marker that provides valuable theoretical basis for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in beef cattle in the future.

scholarly journals Molecular, Sequencing and Bioinformatics of Insulin- like Growth Factor 1(IGF-1) Gene and Transforming Growth Factor β2 Gene Associations with Growth Traits in Three Strains of Chicken

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed El-Tahawy ◽  
Manal Abdel-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Beta 2

Molecular analysis is an easier means to identify and isolate a specific gene which has imperative function for growth, body composition , fat deposition, metabolic and skeletal traits as well as the molecular genetics selection on individual genes is a very efficient method to genetically improve economically important traits in chickens. Insulin- like growth factor 1 ( IGF-1)is a member of a heterogeneous group of peptides with important growth.Transforming growth factor&beta; ( TGF-&beta;) belongs to a large family of growth and differentiation factors that play a pivotal role in a great variety of biological activities including morphogenesis, development and differentiation. DNA was extracted from 48 chickens sampled from three strains Lohman (17) , Sinai (24) and Gimmizah (7) IGF-1 gene and TGF&beta;2 gene were amplified using PCR protocol. Electrophoresis was carried out on the products of PCR , bands viewed on transilluminator. The size of IGF-1 gene was 675 bp while the size of TGF&beta;2 gene was 188bp. Sharp bands were purified and sequenced and used the dendrogram to show the relationships between other vertebrate species

scholarly journals Identification of Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 1 (SSTR1) Gene Polymorphism and Their Association with Growth Traits in Hulun Buir Sheep

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Xue Li ◽  
Ning Ding ◽  
Zhichao Zhang ◽  
Dehong Tian ◽  
Buying Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Somatostatin Receptor ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Strong Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Mutation Site ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Synonymous Mutations

This study was conducted to evaluate SSTR1 gene polymorphisms and their association with growth traits in Hulun Buir sheep. We followed 233 Hulun Buir sheep from birth to 16 months of age, born in the same pasture and on the same year under a consistent grazing conditions. The body weight (BW), body height (BH), body length (BL), chest circumference (ChC), chest depth (ChD), chest width (ChW), hip width (HW), and cannon circumference (CaC) were measured and recorded at birth, 4 months, 9 months, and 16 months of age. The polymorphisms of the SSTR1 gene in Hulun Buir sheep were excavated using exon sequencing, and association analyses of between SNPs and growth traits at each growth stage were conducted. The results showed that there were four SNPs in Exon 2 of the SSTR1 gene, SNP1, SNP2, and SNP3 were low mutation sites, and SNP4 was a moderate mutation site. Four SNPs were consistent with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and all of them were synonymous mutations. The association analyses found that the genotypes of SNP2 were significantly associated with WW and BH at 4 months of age, BW, BL, ChC, and HW at 9 months of age (p < 0.05), and extremely significantly associated with ChD at 4 and 9 months of age (p < 0.01). There were significant associations between SNP3 and BH at 9 months of age, between SNP4 and ChD, ChW, and CaC at 9 months of age, and BW and ChC at 16 months of age (p < 0.05). There were no detectable associations with growth traits among the seven haplotypes between the SNP1, 3, and 4 of a strong linkage disequilibrium (p > 0.05). These results indicated that SNP2, SNP3, and SNP4 may be used as molecular markers for growth traits of Hulun Buir sheep.

scholarly journals TGFβ signaling curbs cell fusion and muscle regeneration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Girardi ◽  
Anissa Taleb ◽  
Lorenzo Giordani ◽  
Bruno Cadot ◽  
Asiman Datye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Tgfβ Signaling

SummaryFusion of muscle progenitor cells is necessary for skeletal muscle development and repair. Cell fusion is a multistep process involving cell migration, adhesion, membrane remodeling and actin-nucleation pathways to generate multinucleated myotubes. While the cellular and molecular mechanisms promoting muscle cell fusion have been intensely investigated in recent years, molecular brakes restraining cell–cell fusion events to control syncytia formation have remained elusive. Here, we show that transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling is active in adult muscle cells throughout the fusion process and reduce muscle cell fusion independently of the differentiation step. In contrast, inhibition of TGFβ signaling enhances cell fusion and promotes branching between myotubes. Pharmacological modulation of the pathway in vivo perturbs muscle regeneration after injury. Exogenous addition of TGFβ protein results in a loss of muscle function while inhibition of the TGFβ pathway induces the formation of giant myofibres. Transcriptome analyses and functional assays revealed that TGFβ acts on actin dynamics and reduce cell spreading through modulation of actin-based protrusions. Together our results reveal a signaling pathway that limits mammalian myoblast fusion and add a new level of understanding to the molecular regulation of myogenesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document