scholarly journals Herbicide Diuron as Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) through Histopathalogical Analysis in Gonads of Javanese Medaka (Oryzias javanicus, Bleeker 1854)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Amiera Kamarudin ◽  
Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli ◽  
Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai ◽  
Fatin Zahidah Abdul Aziz ◽  
Ahmad Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Aquatic Organism ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Oryzias Javanicus ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Javanese Medaka ◽  
Herbicide Diuron

The expeditious augmentation of the agriculture industry is leaving a significant negative impact on aquatic ecosystems. However, the awareness of the impacts of herbicide Diuron toxicities on the non-targeted aquatic organism, especially fish is still lacking. Javanese medaka, a new model fish species were exposed under sublethal levels and the long-term effects on gonads were investigated via histological studies. A total of 210 sexually mature fish were exposed to Diuron at seven different concentrations; control, solvent control, 1, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/L for 21 days. In this study, Diuron caused histopathological alterations in gonads (ovary and testis) of Javanese medaka (Oryzias javanicus) by decreasing in gonadal staging and maturity of germ cells in oogenesis and spermatogenesis of female and male Javanese medaka. The results obtained in this study had proven our hypothesis that long-term exposure of herbicide Diuron can cause alterations in the gonadal histology of the adults of Javanese medaka.

scholarly journals Children's Schooling and Parental Migration: Empirical Evidence on the 'Left-behind' Generation in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol III (I) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Anwaar Mohyuddin ◽  
Riaz Ahmad Muazzmi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
School Level ◽  
School Type ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Parental Migration ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Children's Schooling ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the long-term effects of parental international migration on the schooling of children left behind in Pakistan. Although parents' migration usually benefits children economically but the lack of parental care may cause relational and psychological problems that may affect children's welfare in the long term. The locale of the present study is district Gujrat where the labor migration is considered as the best viable way to cope with an increasing poverty and the scarcity of public resources for sustaining households' incomes. To gain the objectives of the study, a mix methods approach has been used for the collection and analysis of data. In the present study the impact of migration on the education of the children was measured through their enrolment in school, type of institution and level of investment on education, dropout from the school, level of achievement. The results show that parental migration has a positive impact on the enrolment of children and investment on education, but it has negative impact on the dropout and level of achievement especially in case of boys.

scholarly journals Loss of Circadian Protection in Adults Exposed to Neonatal Hyperoxia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmine Issah ◽  
Amruta Naik ◽  
Soon Y Tang ◽  
Kaitlyn Forrest ◽  
Thomas G Brooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Neonatal Hyperoxia ◽  
Early Life Exposures

AbstractAdverse early life exposures having a lasting negative impact on health. For examples, neonatal hyperoxia which is a risk factor for chronic lung disease of prematurity or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) confers susceptibility to respiratory infections like Influenza A (IAV) later in life. Given our previous findings that the circadian clock exerts a protective effect on injury from IAV, we asked if the long-term impact of neonatal hyperoxia includes disruption of circadian rhythms. We show here that neonatal hyperoxia abolishes the circadian clock mediated time of day protection from IAV, not through the regulation of viral burden, but through host tolerance pathways. We further discovered that that this dysregulation is mediated through the intrinsic clock in the lung, rather than through central or immune system clocks. Loss of circadian protein, Bmal1, in AT2 cells of the lung recapitulates the increased mortality, loss of temporal gating and other key features of hyperoxia-exposed animals. Taken together, our data suggest a novel role for the circadian clock in AT2 clock in mediating long-term effects of early life exposures to the lungs.Brief SummaryNeonatal hyperoxia abrogates the circadian protection from Influenza infection in recovered adults.

scholarly journals Human Health Consequences of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan M. Heshmati
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Fetus And Neonate

Daily use of chemicals is an essential part of modern life. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a heterogeneous group of exogenous chemicals or chemical mixtures that interfere with the action of hormones and consequently cause adverse effects to humans and wildlife. The number of EDCs has markedly increased over the past 60 years. Humans are constantly exposed to hundreds of EDCs mainly through air, water, and food. Exposure to EDCs (in utero or lifetime) may be a significant component of the environmental origin of several medical conditions. The developing fetus and neonate are more sensitive than adults to perturbation by EDCs. The prenatal damage can cause adverse consequences later in life (developmental origins of adult disease). In many cases, the damage is irreversible. There is also a possibility of transgenerational effects. By interfering with hormonal functions, EDCs can contribute to a variety of dysfunctions and diseases including obesity, diabetes, reproductive disorders, and cancers. Information on long-term effects of chronic, low-dose exposure to EDCs is relatively limited. EDCs represent a global threat for human health and cause a high cost for the society. Promoting public knowledge and initiating preventive measures will help minimizing the health and economic consequences of EDCs for future generations.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Determining Capital Structure of Firms Listed in Colombo Stock Exchange in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B.M. Amjath ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Equity Capital ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Significant Negative Impact

Capital structure describes a mix of long-term debt capital and equity capital employed by a company to fund its operation and finance its assts. The objective of the study is to identify the determinants of the capital structure and examine whether each of the determinants have significant impact on capital structure. A sample of 25 beverage food and tobacco sector firms listed on Colombo Stock exchange(CSE) in Sri Lanka over the period of 2016 to 2020 were considered for the study. The independent variables such as profitability (PROR), firm size (FMSZ), tangibility (TANR) and liquidity (LIQR) and dependant variable such as long term debt ratio (LTDR), short term debt ratio (STDR) were used to measure the leverage level of the firms. The data were analysed and hypotheses were tested through regression analysis and correlation analysis by use of SPSS. Coefficient of regression used to identify the significant impact of each determinant against the endogenous factors. The investigation empirical findings reveals that firm size, tangibility and liquidity have significant negative impact on leverage level (STDR), while profitability has positive insignificant impact on leverage level (SDTR). On the other hand all four element have insignificant relationship with LTDR.

scholarly journals INDUSTRIALIZATION AND TRANSPORT IN INDONESIA ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

TRIKONOMIKA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Short And Long Term

Economic development in a country is indicated by an increase in the number of industrial sectors and other supporting facilities such as transportation. However, there is another impact on developments industrial sectors and transportation, especially environmental degradation. Air pollution is one of the environmental degradation. This research was conducted to determine the short-term and long-term environmental impact of industry and transport in Indonesia. The data analysis method in this research used Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) to see the short-term and long-term effects between research variables. The data used are data on CO2 emissions, the amount of industries and transport in Indonesia from 1965 - 2018. The results showed that the industry had a negative impact on increasing CO2 emissions in the short and long term. Meanwhile, transportation has a positive impact in the short term and a negative impact in the long term.

scholarly journals Impact of Capital Structure on Firm’s Performance: Focusing on Non-financial Listed Egyptian Firms

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Sakr ◽  
Amina Bedeir
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Debt ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Measure Of Performance ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of capital structure decisions on the performance of the firm. The investigation has been performed using a data of 62 listed non-financial Egyptian firms over a period of fourteen years from 2003-2016. This study used two measures for performance the dependent variable which are ROA and ROE, the most common used measures agreed upon on the majority of previous studies. Whereas, for the independent variable “the capital structure, the study uses the three measures of capital structure which are total debt to total assets (TD), total short-term debt to total assets (STD), and total long-term debt to total assets (LTD). The results showed when using ROA as a measure of performance, a significant negative impact of capital structure (TD, STD, and LTD) exists; while in case of using ROE as a measure of performance, there’s a significant negative impact of capital structure only when using STD, otherwise a positive significant impact of capital structure exist.

scholarly journals Long-term clinically relevant rodent model of methotrexate-induced cognitive impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1126-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connor Berlin ◽  
Katharine Lange ◽  
H Carl Lekaye ◽  
Kelsey Hopland ◽  
Samantha Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Significant Negative Impact

Abstract Background With the enhanced use of chemotherapy and the advent of increased patient survival rates, there are an increasing number of cancer survivors living with chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment. A growing number of clinical studies have brought to light the association of agents like methotrexate in generating these neurological sequelae, although mechanisms remain unclear. Methods Here, we use a clinically relevant regimen of several cycles of methotrexate and leucovorin rescue to develop a model of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment, and investigate the in vivo long-term (16 mo) impact of high-dose systemic methotrexate on white matter cellular dynamics as assessed by stereology, animal behavior, and diffusion tensor imaging. Results Our results indicate that at 6 and 16 months post-chemotherapy, methotrexate-treated rats exhibit a significant and permanent decrease in the number of oligodendrocytes and their progenitors in the white matter, in corpus callosum volumes, and myelin basic protein. These findings are associated with mostly delayed deficits in performance on Morris Water Maze and Novel Object Recognition tasks. Diffusion tensor imaging demonstrates significantly decreased fractional anisotropy values in the callosum genu, body, and splenium, as well as previously unassessed areas like the fimbria. Interestingly, these white matter changes are preceded by an earlier, transient decrement in white matter microglia at 3 months, and hippocampal neural progenitors at 3 and 6 months. Conclusion These results demonstrate a significant negative impact of methotrexate on the oligodendrocyte compartment and white matter, associated with cognitive impairment. The data also support the use of diffusion tensor imaging in monitoring white matter integrity in this context.

The association between labor induction and autism spectrum disorders among children: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Bashirian ◽  
Mahdieh Seyedi ◽  
Katayoon Razjouyan ◽  
Ensiyeh Jenabi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Labor Induction ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Background: There was a hypothesis that the oxytocin used during labor could increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as ASD. Objective: This meta-analysis pooled all observational studies to obtain the association between labor induction and the risk of ASD among children. We identified all published studies up to August 2020 through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and gray literature. The pooled odds ratios (OR), relative ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI (were calculated as random effect estimates of association among studies. Results: The pooled estimates of OR and RR reported a significant association between labor induction and ASD among children, respectively (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.15) and (RR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.09). The subgroup analyses were performed based on the adjusted form and design of studies. OR in crude and adjusted studies were reported 1.25(1.01, 1.49) and 1.08(1.02, 1.14), respectively. A significant association was found in adjusted and crude studies. But there is no significant association between labor induction and ASD in case-control studies (OR=1.08, 95% CI = 0.99, 1.17). Conclusion: The findings showed that labor induction is associated with increased risk of ASD among children. Therefore, the findings support that clinical use of oxytocin during labor has a significant negative impact on the long-term mental health of children.

scholarly journals Impacts of land use change in soil carbon and nitrogen in a Mediterranean agricultural area (Southern Spain)

Solid Earth ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Parras-Alcántara ◽  
M. Martín-Carrillo ◽  
B. Lozano-García
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Arable Crops ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soc Stock

Abstract. The agricultural Mediterranean areas are dedicated to arable crops (AC), but in the last decades, a significant number of AC has led to a land use change (LUC) to olive grove (OG) and vineyards (V). A field study was conducted to determine the long-term effects (46 years) of LUC (AC by OG and V) and to determine soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), C : N ratio and their stratification across the soil entire profile, in Montilla-Moriles denomination of origin (D.O.), in Calcic-Chromic Luvisols (LVcc/cr), an area under semiarid Mediterranean conditions. The experimental design consisted of studying the LUC on one farm between 1965 and 2011. Originally, only AC was farmed in 1965, but OG and V were farmed up to now (2011). This LUC principally affected the horizon thickness, texture, bulk density, pH, organic matter, organic carbon, total nitrogen and C : N ratio. The LUC had a negative impact in the soil, affecting the SOC and TN stocks. The conversion from AC to V and OG involved the loss of the SOC stock (52.7% and 64.9% to V and OG respectively) and the loss of the TN stock (42.6% and 38.1% to V and OG respectively). With respect to the stratification ratios (SRs), the effects were opposite; 46 years after LUC increased the SRs (in V and OG) of SOC, TN and C : N ratio.

Early Sound Deprivation and Long-Term Hearing

1996 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
pp. 877-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Healy ◽  
John J. Welsh ◽  
Louis W. Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Auditory Function ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Compressed Speech ◽  
Speech Reception ◽  
Central Auditory Function ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Delayed Maturation ◽  
Speech Identification

The long-term effects of hearing loss in early life were analyzed by tests of central auditory function. A majority of individuals failed the Compressed Speech identification with statistically significant results. There was an impact on a minority of individuals evaluated by Dichotic Sentences; little impairment was noted through Speech Reception in Noise. Delayed maturation of the central auditory complex may improve these findings, although during the period of investigation a negative impact was measured. Other issues of diagnosis, remediation, and the consequences of short- and long-term deafness are discussed.

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