scholarly journals Short-, Medium- and Long-Term Metabolic Responses of Adult Meat Ewes Subjected to Nutritional and β-Adrenergic Challenges

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1320
Author(s):  
Eliel González-García ◽  
Moutaz Alhamada ◽  
Nathalie Debus ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Menassol ◽  
Anne Tesnière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Body Energy

Shortage and refeeding situations lead to switches in metabolic pathways induced by undernutrition and body energy reserve (BR) replenishment cycles. In a 122-d experiment, 36 adult Merinos d’Arles ewes were chosen and first accustomed to diet ingredients (i.e., wheat straw, pelleted alfalfa and sugar beet pulp) and the facility environment for 22 d. Then, ewes were randomly assigned to one of three “diet challenge” treatments during 50 d, (control, underfed and overfed; 12 ewes each) corresponding to 100%, 70% or 160% of energy requirements allowances, respectively. Then, a “refeeding challenge” was applied the last 50 d (i.e., diets adjusted with the same ingredients). An individual monitoring of body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS) and energy metabolism was carried out. The last day, a “ß-adrenergic challenge” was applied. Anabolic or catabolic responses were accompanied by synchronized metabolic regulations, leading to contrasting metabolic and BR profiles. Average BW and BCS were higher and lower in overfed and underfed ewes, respectively, which was proportional to lower and higher BR mobilization dynamics. Higher plasma free fatty acids (FFA) were accompanied by lower blood insulin, leptin and glucose levels. After refeeding, a rebound in BW and BCS were observed, and FFA were drastically reduced in underfed ewes. No differences were detected in plasma FFA at the end of the study, but the lipolytic activity was different and contrasted with the adipose tissue mass.

scholarly journals Short-, medium- and long-term metabolic responses of adult ewes submitted to nutritional and β-adrenergic challenges

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliel González-García ◽  
Moutaz Alhamada ◽  
Nathalie Debus ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Menassol ◽  
Anne Tesnière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractBackgroundIn order to maintain homeostasis, ruminants submitted to alternating shortage and refeeding situations manifest switches in metabolic pathways induced by undernutrition and body reserves (BR) replenishment cycles. The objective of this experiment was to study adaptive regulatory mechanisms present during subsequent feeding transition periods and the inherent lipolytic activity of the adipose tissue in individuals with contrasted BR. Three diets containing different levels of energy were offered to 36 mature, dry, non-pregnant Mérinos d’Arles ewes in an experiment lasting 122 days. Ewes were selected with similar body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS) and were allocated into three equivalent treatments according to the plane of nutrition: normally fed (Control); underfed (Under) or overfed (Over). The BW, BCS and individual energy metabolism were monitored. At the end of the experiment, lipolytic activity of adipose tissue was studied through a ß-adrenergic challenge to the same ewes, with body conditions according to the offered diet (Normal, Leans and Fat, respectively).ResultsAnabolic or catabolic responses to energy dietary manipulation were accompanied by synchronised metabolic regulation, leading to contrasting metabolic and BR profiles. Average BW and BCS were higher and lower in Over and Under ewes, respectively. The higher and lower BR variations were observed for Under and Over ewes. Higher plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations were accompanied by lower insulin, leptin and glucose. Differences in leptin were consistent with the dietary energy load (Over > Control > Under). After refeeding, a rebound in BW and BCS was observed for the three groups whereas NEFA was drastically reduced in Under ewes. No differences among treatments were detected in NEFA profiles at the end of the study but lipolytic activity responses to the ß - adrenergic challenge were different and coherent with the adipose tissue mass (Fat > Normal > Lean) and, importantly, was also different between ewes from the same group or BR status, thus evidencing diversity among individual adaptive capacities.ConclusionsThe ability of ewes to quickly overcome undernutrition situations by efficiently using their BR was confirmed. There is potential for a simplified ß-adrenergic challenge protocol helping to identify differences in adaptive capacity among individuals.

178 Relationships Between Sow Blood Glucose Levels on Day of Farrowing and Sow and Litter Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Brian P Yeich ◽  
Rafael Ovidio Bautista Rivas ◽  
Naomi C Willard ◽  
Katherine D Vande Pol ◽  
Jenny R Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Condition Score

Abstract Low blood glucose levels at the start of farrowing have been associated with increased farrowing duration and stillbirth rate. This study evaluated changes in sow blood glucose (BG) on the day of farrowing and investigated relationships between sow and litter parameters and BG. The study was carried out over 12 h from 0600h (time of last feeding) on the day sows were induced to farrow (d 115 of gestation) as a cross-sectional survey using 42 sows/gilts of which 32 farrowed. Blood samples (1.2 μL) were collected from an ear vein of each sow every 2 h from 0600 h; glucose was measured using a glucometer (Accuchek Aviva; Roche Diabetes Care, Inc., Indianapolis, IN). Sow parameters recorded included parity, body condition score (BCS: 1 = extremely thin to 5 = extremely fat), number of piglets born, total litter birth weight, and farrowing duration. Linear relationships between sow parameters and BG were developed using PROC REG of SAS. Sows that farrowed had similar (P > 0.05) BG to those that did not (84.4 vs. 86.8 mg/dL; SEM 1.76). Regression relationships between sow parameters and BG were generally weak (adjusted R2 ≤ 0.20). There was no effect (P > 0.05) of time after feeding, time after start of farrowing, or time interval between piglet births on BG. Average BG levels increased linearly (P < 0.05) with sow BCS (7.6 mg/dL/BCS; SE 2.63) but decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with sow parity (-2.5 mg/dL/litter; SE 0.96), litter size (-0.8 mg/dL/piglet; SE 0.28), litter weight (-0.06 mg/dL/kg; SE 0.26), and farrowing duration (-1.8 mg/dL/h; SE 0.82). In contrast to previous research, changes in BG from last feed to start of farrowing (which ranged from 0 to 9 h) and relationship with other sow and litter parameters were relatively limited.

29 SHORT-TERM v. LONG-TERM PROGESTERONE PROTOCOL USING CERVICAL OR INTRAUTERINE FIXED-TIME INSEMINATION IN SHEEP

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
A. Menchaca ◽  
M. Vilariño ◽  
E. Rubianes
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
N 93

The short-term protocol with progesterone, prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), and eCG is used to control follicular dynamics and luteal activity synchronizing the ovulation for fixed-time AI in sheep. The objective of this experiment was to compare the pregnancy rate obtained with short-term protocol (6 d) and long-term protocol (14 d) using cervical or intrauterine fixed-time AI in sheep. Three hundred fifty-two Merino ewes with a body condition score of 2.9 ± 0.3 (mean ± SD; scale 0 to 5) were used during the breeding season (April, 33S, Uruguay). All the females received a CIDR-G (0.3 g of progesterone, InterAg, Hamilton, New Zealand) for 6 d (short-term protocol; n = 178) or 14 d (long-term protocol, n = 174). One imdose of eCG (300 IU, Novormon, Syntex, BA, Argentina) was given at the moment of device withdrawal for the both protocols, and one imdose of PGF2α (10 mg of dinoprost, Lutalyse, Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) was given at the end of the short-term protocol to ensure luteolysis. Cervical AI (short-term protocol, n = 85; long-term protocol, n = 104) or intrauterine AI (short-term protocol, n = 93; long-term protocol, n = 70) was performed 48 or 54 h after device withdrawal, using 200 × 106 or 100 × 106 spermatozoa per ewe, respectively. Fresh semen was extended in UHT skim milk (1000 × 106 spermatozoa mL-1) and used within 1 h of collection. Estrus was recorded twice a day for 4 days after device withdrawal using vasectomized males. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by transrectal ultrasonography 40 d after AI (5.0 MHz, Aloka, Tokyo, Japan). Logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of the treatment (P < 0.05), the AI technique (P < 0.05), and their interaction (P = NS). Pregnancy rate was higher for the short-term than for the long-term protocol, and for intrauterine than for cervical AI (Table 1). The highest pregnancy rate was achieved with short-term protocol using intrauterine AI (54.8%, 51/93), and the lowest response was obtained with long-term protocol using cervical AI (33.7%, 35/104; P < 0.05). These data were not different from data of short-term protocol using cervical AI or long-term protocol using intrauterine AI (42.4%, 36/85; and 44.3% 31/70, respectively). Ewes in estrus/treated ewes was not different among short-term and long-term protocols (83.7%, 149/178; and 82.8%, 144/174, respectively; P = NS). In summary, regardless of insemination technique, short-term protocol of 6 d enhances pregnancy rate in fixed-time AI programs in sheep. Table 1.Main effects of short-term (6 d) v. long-term (14 d) protocol using cervical or intrauterine fixed-time AI on pregnancy rate in sheep Financially supported by Pfizer, SP, Brazil.

Perioperative blood glucose concentrations in kittens following overnight fasting and gonadectomy

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-348
Author(s):  
Danielle N Semick ◽  
Stephanie L Shaver ◽  
Heather N Cornell ◽  
Nancy C Bradley ◽  
Rachael E Kreisler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Prolonged Fast ◽  
Overnight Fasting ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Objectives The objective of this study was to determine if hypoglycemia is an effect of overnight fasting and gonadectomy in kittens, as well as to determine predictors of baseline and postoperative blood glucose. Methods This was a prospective observational study. Seventy-five kittens between the age of 8 and 16 weeks undergoing routine castration or ovariohysterectomy at an animal shelter were included. Two blood glucose measurements were analyzed per kitten after an overnight fast: a baseline reading prior to preoperative examination, and a reading immediately postoperatively. Predictors of the baseline and postoperative blood glucose levels were determined using multi-level mixed-effects linear regression. Results Kittens, when fasted overnight, were not hypoglycemic (<60 mg/dl). No kittens exhibited clinical signs consistent with hypoglycemia. No kittens had a blood glucose <70 mg/dl postoperatively. Postoperative hyperglycemia (>150 mg/dl) was observed in 44% of kittens. The only predictor of fasted blood glucose levels was body condition score. The only predictor of postoperative blood glucose levels was the fasting blood glucose value. Conclusions and relevance Overnight fasting prior to elective sterilization in 8- to 16-week-old kittens did not result in hypoglycemia. Concern regarding hypoglycemia after a prolonged fast in kittens may be unwarranted for short procedures in healthy animals.

Use of beet pulp as a replacement for barley grain to manage body condition score in over-conditioned late lactation cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 153 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mahjoubi ◽  
H. Amanlou ◽  
D. Zahmatkesh ◽  
M. Ghelich Khan ◽  
N. Aghaziarati
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Beet Pulp

scholarly journals Incidence of metabolic diseases of dairy cows in Puerto Rico and its relationship with production and reproduction behavior

1969 ◽  
Vol 92 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Julio C. Meléndez ◽  
José Pantoja ◽  
Angel A. Custodio ◽  
John Fernández Van Cleve ◽  
Raúl Macchiavelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Condition Score

Data were obtained from 89 Holstein cows, distributed among seven commercial herds, to evaluate the incidence of metabolic disorders during the periparturient transition period. The herds were enrolled in the Dairy Herd Improvement Program (DHIP) and were routinely visited by veterinarians, who diagnosed any metabolic disorders. The cows were observed every two weeks to evaluate body condition score (1 to 5 scale), to discern clinical disorders and to obtain blood samples for chemical analyses. Clinical metabolic diseases were not diagnosed, but 34% of the cows showed sub-clinical hypocalcaemia (blood calcium less than 7.9 mg/dl) and 14% had blood glucose levels less than 39.9 mg/dl. Although not significant (P greater than 0.05), milk production was higher at the second and third milk weighings in the normal cows than in those with sub-clinical hypocalcaemia (27.5 and 25.6 vs. 25.1 and 23.6 kg, respectively). The interval between parturition and first service was shorter in cows with normal blood calcium levels than in those that suffered sub-clinical hypocalcaemia (74 vs. 91 days, P less than 0.05). Mean body condition score of the cows without sub-clinical hypocalcaemia or sub-normal blood glucose levels was higher than that of cows with these conditions (2.5 vs. 2.3 in both criteria, P less than 0.05). It is concluded that postpartum blood calcium concentrations affect the interval from parturition to first service and that the probability of occurrence of hypocalcaemia after parturition can be estimated from prepartum blood calcium concentrations.

scholarly journals Using data from large scale farming operations to understand the importance of feeding the ewe to improve whole farm performance

2013 ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Stevens ◽  
G. Young
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Farm Performance ◽  
Using Data

The collection and use of data from large scale farming operations provided significant insights into drivers of sheep performance. These drivers included minimum two-tooth liveweight at tupping, ewe condition and pasture cover at lambing and the importance of weaning weight on whole farm performance. Using this data to demonstrate the influence of management decisions resulted in an increase in average lamb liveweight gain between birth and weaning of approximately 20 g/day in Landcorp Farming Ltd East Coast flocks over the 4 years of monitoring. Lambing percentage was harder to change, though individual farms increased lambing percentage by up to 35% by concentrating on increasing feed allocation and maintaining ewe body condition score during winter. Low liveweight in some two-tooth ewes was inversely related to the percentage of dries in a flock and prompted more emphasis on growing replacement stock. The programme shifted focus from short-term tactical feeding and management decisions to long-term strategies such as stock and sales policies that placed the breeding flock as the major priority. Keywords: breeding ewes, data, lambing percentage, lambs, liveweight gain, whole flock analysis.

Body condition score and reproductive performance in dairy cows in Greece

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 60-60
Author(s):  
G. Oikonomou ◽  
G. Arsenos ◽  
G.E. Valergakis ◽  
A. Tsiaras ◽  
G. Banos
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Body Condition Scoring ◽  
Body Energy ◽  
The Impact

Various studies in dairy cows have shown that their Body Condition Score (BCS) effectively reflects their nutritional status and energy content (Ferguson et al. 1994). Extremes in BCS and BCS losses have been identified as a risk factor for health problems and reduced reproductive efficiency (Markusfeld et al. 1997, Lopez-Gatius et al. 2003). Body condition scoring is easy and inexpensive to perform and gives a reliable estimate of body energy reserves. Hence, in practice, BCS can be used as a tool for ration formulation and management decisions concerning reproduction of dairy cows (Banos et al. 2004). The objective of this study was to determine and quantify the impact of BCS in the reproductive performance of primiparous Holstein cows.

A comparison of chopped/un-chopped big bale silage, pit silage and hay when offered with concentrates to twin bearing ewes

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 129-129
Author(s):  
T.F. Crosby ◽  
P.J. Quinn ◽  
J.J. Callan ◽  
B. Flynn ◽  
J.V. O'Doherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Terminal Sire

Big bale silage has become increasingly popular on many livestock farms in Ireland yet there is limited information on its use for sheep. The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of feeding chopped or unchopped big bale silage, pit silage and hay when supplemented with either a barley or a molassed sugar beet pulp based concentrate when fed to ewes in late pregnancy on feed intake, ewe weight and body condition score changes, gestation length, lamb birth weight and colostrum yield.Sixty four mature lowland cross ewes (8/treatment) were oestrus synchronised in October and mated to terminal sire breeds (Suffolk, Texel or Charollais). The ewes were housed, winter shorn and pregnancy scanned in December, following which twin bearing animals were allocated to a 4 x 2 factorial experiment and individually fed either un-chopped or chopped big bale silage which had been wilted for 36-48 hours as is usual for this type of forage, pit silage, which had been wilted for 18-24 hours or hay.

scholarly journals PSVI-11 Non-GMO beet pulp and canola meal corn-soybean meal diet has comparable effects as that of GMO corn-soybean meal diet on the performance of sows and piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 198-199
Author(s):  
Woo Jung Seok ◽  
Huan Wang ◽  
Sumya Kibria ◽  
Yanjiao Li ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Beet Pulp

Abstract Consumers are concerned about the safety of livestock feed stuff with the increasing use of genetically modified organisms (GMO).The objective of the present experiment was to compare the effect of non-GMO sugar-beet pulp (SBP) and canola meal (CM) in the diet with GMO corn-soybean meal basal diets on reproduction performance in gestation-lactation sows and the performance of their litters. A total of 16 lactating sows (Landrace × Yorkshire, Parity = 2.4), were randomly allotted to 1 of 2 treatments with 8 sows per treatment starting from the last 4 weeks of gestation to 21 day of lactation. Treatments consisted of GMO diet (CON) and non-GMO diet (NO). Sows were individually fed gestation and lactation diets that were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2012) recommendations for all nutrients. The amount of feed consumed during the lactation periods was recorded and used to calculate the average daily feed intake (ADFI). Number of piglets born and piglets weaned were also recorded to calculate the survival rate. Individual piglet body weight (BW) and litter weights were assessed on days 0, and 26 to calculate average daily gain (ADG). All data were subjected to the GLM procedures of SAS in a randomized complete block design. The variability in the data was expressed as standard error of means (SEM). A probability level of P&lt; 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. In the current study, NO treatment diets showed comparable effects on the BW, ADFI, backfat thickness, body condition score, and estrus interval of sows as that of basal diet. In addition, there was also no significant difference in growth performance of piglets fed NO treatment diets compared with CON diet (P &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated the utilization of non-GMO beet pulp, and canola meals do not have any adverse effect on the performance of sows and their litters.

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