scholarly journals Effects of the Appropriate Addition of Antioxidants from Pinus densiflora and Mentha canadensis Extracts on Methane Emission and Rumen Fermentation

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1888
Author(s):  
Shin Ja Lee ◽  
Ye Jun Lee ◽  
Jun Sik Eom ◽  
Hyun Sang Kim ◽  
You Young Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Fibrobacter Succinogenes ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Methane Reduction

This study aimed to investigate the optimal addition of terpene-based Pinus densiflora and Mentha canadensis extracts, with antioxidant and methane reduction effects, as feed supplements to ruminants. Two cannulated steers (450 ± 30 kg), consuming Timothy Hay and a commercial concentrate (60:40, w/w) twice daily (at 09:00 and 17:30) at 2% of body weight, with free access to water and a mineral block, were used as rumen fluid donors. In vitro fermentation experiments, with Timothy Hay as the substrate, were conducted with P. densiflora and M. canadensis extracts as supplements to achieve concentrations of 30, 50, and 70 mg/L on a Timothy Hay basis. Fibrobacter succinogenes decreased in proportion upon P. densiflora and M. canadensis extract supplementation at 50 mg/L, while the dry matter degradability of the feed was not significantly different (p < 0.05). Methane emission was significantly lower in the 50 and 70 mg/L treatment groups, for both extracts, at 12 h (p < 0.05). Based on methane production and antioxidant activity, our study suggests that 30 mg/L addition is the most appropriate level of supplementation.

In vitro fermentation of key dietary compounds with rumen fluid: A genome-centric perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 584-585 ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Campanaro ◽  
Laura Treu ◽  
Mirko Cattani ◽  
Panagiotis G Kougias ◽  
Veronica Vendramin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
A Genome

Obestatin acts in brain to inhibit thirst

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. R637-R643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis K. Samson ◽  
Meghan M. White ◽  
Christopher Price ◽  
Alastair V. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Water Drinking ◽  
Access To Water

Derived from the same prohormone, obestatin has been reported to exert effects on food intake that oppose those of ghrelin. The obestatin receptor GPR39 is present in brain and pituitary gland. Since the gene encoding those two peptides is expressed also in those tissues, we examined further the possible actions of obestatin in vivo and in vitro. Intracerebroventricular administration of obestatin inhibited water drinking in ad libitum-fed and -watered rats, and in food-and water-deprived animals. The effects on water drinking preceded and were more pronounced than any effect on food intake, and did not appear to be the result of altered locomotor/behavioral activity. In addition, obestatin inhibited ANG II-induced water drinking in animals provided free access to water and food. Current-clamp recordings from cultured, subfornical organ neurons revealed significant effects of the peptide on membrane potential, suggesting this as a potential site of action. In pituitary cell cultures, log molar concentrations of obestatin ranging from 1.0 pM to 100 nM failed to alter basal growth hormone (GH) secretion. In addition, 100 nM obestatin failed to interfere with the stimulation of GH secretion by GH-releasing hormone or ghrelin and did not alter the inhibition by somatostatin in vitro. We conclude that obestatin does not act in pituitary gland to regulate GH secretion but may act in brain to alter thirst mechanisms. Importantly, in rats the effects of obestatin on food intake may be secondary to an action of the peptide to inhibit water drinking.

Influence of ionophores on in vitro fermentation by rumen fluid from sheep receiving yeast culture (Yeasacc; YC)

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 78-78
Author(s):  
C.J. Newbold ◽  
R.J. Wallace ◽  
I.M. Nevison
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Wide Range

A wide range of compounds has been described which have the potential to improve animal production by manipulating the rumen fermentation. Prominent among these rumen modifiers are the ionophores. Ionophores, such as monensin and tetronasin, improve feed efficiency, partly by increasing the flow of amino-N from the rumen and partly by stimulating the production of propionate in the rumen with an associated reduction in the production of methane (Russell and Strobel, 1988). Recently there has been increasing interest in the use of yeast culture (YC) and other fungal preparation to modify the rumen fermentation. These products have been shown to increase bacterial numbers within the rumen with an associated increase in the breakdown of fibre and supply of microbial protein (Williams and Newbold, 1990). YC has also been reported to increase the production of propionate in the rumen. Little appears to be known about the effect a combination YC and an ionophore would have on the rumen fermentation. This study describes the effects of the ionophores monensin and tetronasin on the fermentation of hay by rumen fluid from sheep fed a basal diet with or without YC.

scholarly journals Effects of Geraniol and Camphene on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
M. Joch ◽  
V. Kudrna ◽  
B. Hučko
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of geraniol and camphene at three dosages (300, 600, and 900 mg l-1) on rumen microbial fermentation and methane emission in in vitro batch culture of rumen fluid supplied with a 60 : 40 forage : concentrate substrate (16.2% crude protein, 33.1% neutral detergent fibre). The ionophore antibiotic monensin (8 mg/l) was used as positive control. Compared to control, geraniol significantly (P < 0.05) reduced methane production with increasing doses, with reductions by 10.2, 66.9, and 97.9%. However, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and in vitro dry matter digestibility were also reduced (P < 0.05) by all doses of geraniol. Camphene demonstrated weak and unpromising effects on rumen fermentation. Camphene did not decrease (P > 0.05) methane production and slightly decreased (P < 0.05) VFA production. Due to the strong antimethanogenic effect of geraniol a careful selection of dose and combination with other antimethanogenic compounds may be effective in mitigating methane emission from ruminants. However, if a reduction in total VFA production and dry matter digestibility persisted in vivo, geraniol would have a negative effect on animal productivity.

In vitro fermentation of browse species using goat rumen fluid in relation to browse polyphenol content and composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mengistu ◽  
M. Karonen ◽  
J.-P. Salminen ◽  
W.H. Hendriks ◽  
W.F. Pellikaan
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
Goat Rumen

scholarly journals Tea saponins affect in vitro fermentation and methanogenesis in faunated and defaunated rumen fluid

2005 ◽  
Vol 6B (8) ◽  
pp. 787-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-lian Hu ◽  
Yue-ming Wu ◽  
Jian-xin Liu ◽  
Yan-qiu Guo ◽  
Jun-an Ye
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation

Potential of walnut (Juglans regia) leave ethanolic extract to modify ruminal fermentation, microbial populations and mitigate methane emission

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1189
Author(s):  
M. Sahebi Ala ◽  
R. Pirmohammadi ◽  
H. Khalilvandi-Behroozyar ◽  
E. Anassori
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation

Series of in vitro trials were conducted to evaluate dose–response effects of walnut leaf ethanolic extract (WLEE) on ruminal fermentation, microbial populations, mitigation of methane emission and acidosis prevention. The treatments were conducted according to a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomised design formulated to contain corn (corn-based diet, CBD) and barley grain (barley-based diet, BBD), or equal amounts of barley and corn (barley and corn diet, BCD), consisting of either basal diets alone (0) or basal diets with 250, 500, 750 or 1000 µL of WLEE (W0, W250, W500, W750 and W1000 respectively) per litre of buffered rumen fluid. Three fistulated cows fed diets containing alfalfa hay and concentrate mixes (same as the control diet) plus minerals and vitamins were used for collection of ruminal fluid. The asymptote of gas production and methane emission was decreased and lag time increased in a linear and quadratic manner with an increasing dose of WLEE (P &lt; 0.001). However, gas production rate reduced linearly as WLEE dose increased (P &lt; 0.001). Methane production was significantly reduced linearly (L) and quadratically (Q) when walnut ethanolic extract was increased from 250 to 1000 μL/L (L and Q; P &lt; 0.001). The addition of WLEE significantly altered the volatile fatty acid profile in comparison to control, reducing the molar proportion of acetate and increasing that of propionate (P &lt; 0.001), and also decreased the ammonia-N concentration (L, P &lt; 0.001). Dry-matter and organic-matter in vitro digestibility coefficients were negatively affected by WLEE supplementation (L and Q; P &lt; 0.001). Although anti-acidosis potential of WLEE was significantly lower than that of monensin, W1000 increased medium culture pH compared with uncontrolled acidosis and the lower doses of WLEE. The populations of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and R. albus were significantly reduced by WLEE, although to different magnitudes, depending on the corn and barley grain proportions in the diet. Results of the present study indicated that increasing addition levels of WLEE have noticeable effects on rumen microbial population and fermentation characteristics. It can be concluded that WLEE can potentially be used to manipulate ruminal fermentation patterns.

A comparison between equine faeces and caecal digesta as sources of inoculum for in vitro fermentation studies using the pressure transducer technique

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 225-225
Author(s):  
R.S. Lowman ◽  
M.K. Theodorou ◽  
A.C. Longland ◽  
D. Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Faecal Material ◽  
Micro Organisms

Several studies have shown high correlations between in vtvo and in vitro degradation of fibrous feeds when preparations from either rumen fluid or ruminant faeces have been used as the inocula for the in vitro studies (El Shaer et al., 1987; Akhter et al., 1994 & 1995; Harris et al., 1995). Use of an inoculum prepared from faecal material is attractive, for unlike that obtained from rumen fluid, it precludes the need to prepare and maintain fistulated donor animals. This study investigated the use of pony faeces, as an alternative to pony caecal digesta, as a source of micro-organisms for in vitro feed degradability studies.

In Vitro Fermentation of the Non-Starch Polysaccahride Fraction of Tropical Forage Legumes

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 135-135
Author(s):  
A.C. Longland ◽  
R.D. Pilgrim ◽  
J. Thorpe ◽  
S.J. Lister ◽  
P. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Acacia Cyanophylla ◽  
Tropical Forage

The fibre fraction (= non-starch polysaccharides; NSP) of tropical forage legumes is a potentially important source of dietary energy. Such legumes, however often contain tannins which can reduce the fermentability of the NSP fraction. In this study, the monosaccharide composition and in vitro digestibility of the NSP fraction of eleven tropical forage legumes varying in condensed tannin content, were investigated.Milled, lyophilised leaves of 5 species of forage legume from Ethiopia, Sesbania goetzei (SG), Sesbania sesban (SS) Leucaena leucocephala (LL), Acacia cyanophylla (AC), Chamaecytisus palmensis (CP)) and six from Colombia, Calliandra sp. 29400 (C), Dioclea guianensis (DG), Flemingia macrophylla 77409 (FM) Tadehagi sp. 23227 (T23), 13269 (T69) and 13275 (T75)) were used. One gram samples were fermented at 39°C for 7 d under anaerobic conditions in modified Van Soest medium inoculated with bovine rumen fluid (5 replicates per species). At the end of the fermentation period, residues were filtered, washed with distilled water and lyophilised. The NSP content and composition of the original samples and their residues were determined by the method of Englyst and Cummings (1984). The bound, soluble and total condensed tannin contents of the original samples were determined by the method of Terrill et al. (1992).

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