Effects of music stimulus on behavior response, cortisol level, and horizontal immunity of growing pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiafang Li ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Honggui Liu ◽  
Jianhong Li ◽  
Qian Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Music Stimulus ◽  
And Control

Abstract An enriched environment is widely used to improve domestic animals’ welfare and promote their natural behaviors. Music can reduce abnormal behavior in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. However, little is known about the effects of music on pigs. This study aims to explore the effects of repeated music stimulation on the behavior, physiology, and immunity of growing pigs. A total of 72 hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Minpig) were randomly divided into three groups, including music (Mozart K.448, 60 to 70 dB), noise (recorded mechanical noise, 80 to 85 dB), and control (natural background sound, <40 dB), and 6 h sound stimulation was given per day (1000 to 1600 hours) from 40 to 100 d of age. The behavioral activities of the pigs were observed during the music stimulation, and their serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, and serum immune indices were also measured. Compared with the control group, the music group and noise group increased activity but decreased lying of pigs (P < 0.05). A significant increase in tail-wagging, playing, and exploring behaviors of pigs was found in the music group (P < 0.05), and the noise significantly increased the aggressive behavior of the pigs (P < 0.05). Tail-wagging, playing, exploring, manipulating, and aggressive behaviors decreased over time. Short-term (8 d) music stimulus had a lower cortisol level than that of the noise and control groups (P < 0.05), whereas long-term (60 d) music stimulus increased immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels (P < 0.05) and decreased interleukin-4 (IL-4) level (P < 0.05). Long-term noise stimulus significantly reduced the level of IgG (P < 0.05) but did not affect the level of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, short-term music stimulus (8 d) reduced the stress response, whereas long-term music stimulus (60 d) enhanced the immune responses. In addition, the noise increased the aggressive behavior, and long-term noise reduced the immunity of the growing pigs.

scholarly journals PSV-7 Effects of music stimulus on behavior response, cortisol level and immunity horizontal of growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
Jiafang Li ◽  
Qian Han ◽  
Runxiang Zhang ◽  
Honggui Liu ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Noise Stimulus ◽  
Large White ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Music Stimulus

Abstract Enrichment environment is widely used to improve the welfare of domestic animals and satisfy their natural behavior. Music as an enriched environment can reduce abnormal behavior in humans, non-human primates and rodents. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of repeated music stimuli on the behavior, physiology and immunity of growing pigs. A total of 72 5-week-old hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Minpig) were randomly divided into three treatments groups of the music group (Mozart K.448, 65–70 dB), the noise group (mechanical noise, 85–90 dB) and the control group (silence, less than 40dB). During 60 days of auditory exposure, the behavioral responses, cortisol level and immune horizontal of the piglets were measured. The results showed that the active behavior of the growing pigs increased and lying behavior decreased in the music group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The music stimulus increased tail wagging, tail in curl and playing behaviors (P < 0.05). The noise stimulus increased aggressive behavior (P < 0.05) but had no effect on the exploring and manipulative behaviors (P > 0.05). The frequency of the event behaviors decreased with the time of auditory stimuli (P < 0.05). Short-term music stimulus had a lower cortisol level than the noise and control groups (P < 0.05). Long-term music stimulus increased the level of IgG, IL-2 and IFN-γ (P < 0.05) and decreased the IL-4 level (P < 0.05). Noise stimulus reduced the level of IgG (P < 0.05) but had no effect on the level of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ (P > 0.05). In conclusion, music stimulus triggers the pigs to show more positive behaviors, and the short-term music stimulus can reduce the stress response, while the long-term music stimulus can enhance the immune responses in the growing pigs.

scholarly journals Changes in Aggressive Behavior, Cortisol and Brain Monoamines during the Formation of Social Hierarchy in Black Rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2357
Author(s):  
Xiuwen Xu ◽  
Zonghang Zhang ◽  
Haoyu Guo ◽  
Jianguang Qin ◽  
Xiumei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Fish Behavior ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Black Rockfish ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Sebastes Schlegelii

Aggressive interactions can lead to a social hierarchy and influence the responses of animal behavior and physiology. However, our understanding on the changes of fish behavior and physiology during the process of social hierarchical formation is limited. To explore the responses of fish behavior and physiology to social hierarchy, we examined the differences in the growth performance, aggression, cortisol level, brain serotonergic activity, and brain dopamine activity between the dominant individuals and the subordinate individuals of black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) in two time scenarios. In the short-term contest, the cortisol level and the ratio of telencephalic 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)/5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was significantly higher in subordinate individuals than in dominant individuals. In the long-term contest, the ratios of 5-HIAA/5-HT in all brain regions were significantly higher, and the frequency of aggressive acts were significantly lower in subordinate individuals than in dominant individuals. In contrast, no difference was detected in growth performance. Significant positive correlations between the cortisol level and serotonergic activity were observed in the short-term contest, but the serotonergic activity was negatively correlated with the aggressive behavior in the long-term contest. These results suggest that subordinate hierarchy inhibits aggression but does not impact growth in black rockfish. The cortisol-related change in brain monoaminergic activity could be a potential indicator to predict aggressive behavior in black rockfish in captivity with an obvious social hierarchy.

scholarly journals The Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy for Gastric Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 107327482199743
Author(s):  
Ke Chen ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Zheling Chen
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
And Control

Background: Treatment options for advanced gastric esophageal cancer are quite limited. Chemotherapy is unavoidable at certain stages, and research on targeted therapies has mostly failed. The advent of immunotherapy has brought hope for the treatment of advanced gastric esophageal cancer. The aim of the study was to analyze the safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and the long-term survival of patients who were diagnosed as gastric esophageal cancer and received anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. Method: Studies on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy of advanced gastric esophageal cancer published before February 1, 2020 were searched online. The survival (e.g. 6-month overall survival, 12-month overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rates (ORR)) and adverse effects of immunotherapy were compared to that of control therapy (physician’s choice of therapy). Results: After screening 185 studies, 4 comparative cohort studies which reported the long-term survival of patients receiving immunotherapy were included. Compared to control group, the 12-month survival (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.31 to 2.12, P < 0.0001) and 18-month survival (OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.39 to 2.81, P = 0.0001) were significantly longer in immunotherapy group. The 3-month survival rate (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.36 to 3.06, P = 0.92) and 18-month survival rate (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 0.98 to 2.12, P = 0.07) were not significantly different between immunotherapy group and control group. The ORR were not significantly different between immunotherapy group and control group (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 0.65 to 3.66, P = 0.01). Meta-analysis pointed out that in the PD-L1 CPS ≥10 sub group population, the immunotherapy could obviously benefit the patients in tumor response rates (OR = 3.80, 95% CI: 1.89 to 7.61, P = 0.0002). Conclusion: For the treatment of advanced gastric esophageal cancer, the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy was superior to that of chemotherapy or palliative care.

scholarly journals EcoRacer: Game-Based Optimal Electric Vehicle Design and Driver Control Using Human Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ren ◽  
Alparslan Emrah Bayrak ◽  
Panos Y. Papalambros
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Efficient Global Optimization ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Algorithm Efficiency ◽  
Np Complete ◽  
And Control

We compare the performance of human players against that of the efficient global optimization (EGO) algorithm for an NP-complete powertrain design and control problem. Specifically, we cast this optimization problem as an online competition and received 2391 game plays by 124 anonymous players during the first month from launch. We found that while only a small portion of human players can outperform the algorithm in the long term, players tend to formulate good heuristics early on that can be used to constrain the solution space. Such constraining of the search enhances algorithm efficiency, even for different game settings. These findings indicate that human-assisted computational searches are promising in solving comprehensible yet computationally hard optimal design and control problems, when human players can outperform the algorithm in a short term.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a bystander intervention for preventing dating violence in Brazilian adolescents: short-term evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Brito dos Santos ◽  
Sheila Giardini Murta ◽  
Luis Gustavo do Amaral Vinha ◽  
Juliana Silva de Deus
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Short Term Evaluation ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Brazilian Culture

Abstract Peers are the preferred source of help for Brazilian adolescents who experience dating violence. However, they are not always the best informants for effective responses for dealing with situations of violence in romantic relationships among peers. This experimental study aimed to evaluate the short-term efficacy of three aspects of a peer- and bystander approach-based intervention: the intent to offer help, empathy, and bystander attitudes in response to dating violence in a Brazilian sample of adolescents. The study’s participants were 33 adolescents randomized in two groups: experimental group (EG, n = 14) and control group (CG, n = 19). The EG underwent three weekly intervention sessions of 90 min each on the healthy versus violent romantic relationships, the quality of friendship in the peer network, and the role of the bystander, while the CG received no intervention. Evaluations were performed 1 week before and two and half months after the intervention. Statistically significant differences between EG and CG at post-test were not found in intention to help, empathy, and bystander attitudes. Future studies should include evaluations of larger samples and mid- and long-term follow-ups to identify patterns of change over the long term as well as examine barriers to utilization of bystander behaviors by adolescents in Brazilian culture.

The Effect of Telerehabilitation on Quality of Life, Exercise Capacity, and Spirometry Indexes in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Masih Daneshvari Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Ghadimi ◽  
Atefeh Fakharian ◽  
Mohsen Abedi ◽  
Reyhaneh Zahiri ◽  
Mahsan Norouz Afjeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
And Control

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) leads to limited activity and reduced quality of life. Treatment of this disease is a long-term process that requires the cooperation of patients in monitoring and treatment. Methods: In the present study which was conducted from April 2019 to March 2021 in Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, Iran, 75 patients were randomly divided into telerehabilitation and control groups. Patients in the control group received pulmonary rehabilitation including respiratory, isometric, and aerobic exercises for 8 weeks, three times per week. In the second group, patients were given a lung rehabilitation booklet and asked to repeat the exercises three times a week for four weeks according to a specific schedule. In addition, patients installed Behzee care application on the mobile phone that recorded various indicators such as heart rate, SpO2, dyspnea, fatigue, and daily activities. This application reminded the patient of the program every day and at a specific time. Finally, the patients’ conditions were compared in the two groups after 8 weeks using CAT and mMRC questionnaires and 6-Minute Walk (6MW) exercise indices as well as spirometry tests. Results: In all four indicators (6MW, CAT,  and mMRC questionnaires as well as spirometry), patients showed improvement after rehabilitation (p<0.001). This improvement was significantly higher in the telemedicine group compared to the other group (p<0.01). Conclusion: The use of telerehabilitation in COPD patients is effective in improving spirometry indices, quality of life, as well as activity and sports indices.

AGGRESSION IN PRESCHOOLERS: ITS RELATION TO SOCIALIZATION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-163
Author(s):  
Klaus Minde
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Aggressive Children

The present article discusses developmental changes of aggression seen in preschool children and reports on an 18-month short-term prospective study of three preschool populations: a group referred for aggressive behavior problems, a normal control group, and a group of youngsters who had lived in violent homes, but showed no aggressive behaviors. Results indicate that the aggressive children, in comparison with the other two groups at age 4, showed a significant delay in their interpersonal awareness and perspective taking ability. However, although the aggressive children caught up with their peers in the course of the study period, there was no accompanying decrease in their aggressive behavior. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals What is the impact of methotrexate on liver in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis? Results of liver SWE performed in a single centre

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vildan Güngörer ◽  
Mehmet Öztürk ◽  
Mustafa Yasir Özlü ◽  
Şükrü Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Long Term Therapy ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Objectives Long-term therapy with low-dose methotrexate (MTX) is widely used in treatment of rheumatic diseases, in children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate liver elasticity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who received MTX and compare the results with control group. Methods Liver elasticity was evaluated with shear wave elastography (SWE) technique in 25 patients aged 3–17 years who were followed up with JIA and received MTX and compared with 25 healthy controls of the same age and weight. Factors that had an effect on liver elasticity were examined. Results The mean SWE value of patients was 2.64 ± 2.13 m/s and 24.10 ± 18.50 kPa, whereas 1.83 ± 0.16 m/s and 10.09 ± 1.83 kPa in control group. There was a significant difference in liver elasticity in the patient and control groups. When the patients were evaluated as Group 1 (&lt; 1000 mg) and Group 2 (≥ 1000 mg) according to the cumulative MTX dose, no significant difference was obtained. There was positive correlation between liver elasticity and weekly MTX dose and age. Conclusions Our study revealed that liver elasticity significantly decreased in patients who received MTX when compared with the control group. The elastography technique will be understood better over time and used safely in many areas.

scholarly journals Illegal markets, human trade and transnational organised crime

Temida ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Nikolic-Ristanovic
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Illegal Markets ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Human Trade ◽  
And Control

In this paper the author explores, focusing largely on the example of the Balkans, the connection between the expansion of neoliberal market economy and war, and related to it the growth of illegal markets and the shadow economy, on one hand, and the victimisation by human trafficking, on the other. By locating human trade within expanding local and global illegal markets, the author is arguing that, without taking into consideration wider social contexts, which create structural incentives for illegal markets and transnational organised crime, we can hardly understand the causes, let alone build effective strategies to combat and prevent it. Consequently, on the basis of the analyses of human trade as a form of both transnational organised crime and illegal markets, some strategies (short-term and long-term) for the prevention and control of human trafficking on both the micro and macro level are suggested.

scholarly journals Effect of Carnatic Music Listening Training on Speech in Noise Performance in Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Raksha Amemane ◽  
Archana Gundmi ◽  
Kishan Madikeri Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Noise Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Carnatic Music ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background and Objectives: Music listening has a concomitant effect on structural and functional organization of the brain. It helps in relaxation, mind training and neural strengthening. In relation to it, the present study was aimed to find the effect of Carnatic music listening training (MLT) on speech in noise performance in adults.Subjects and Methods: A total of 28 participants (40-70 years) were recruited in the study. Based on randomized control trial, they were divided into intervention and control group. Intervention group underwent a short-term MLT. Quick Speech-in-Noise in Kannada was used as an outcome measure.Results: Results were analysed using mixed method analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated measures ANOVA. There was a significant difference between intervention and control group post MLT. The results of the second continuum revealed no statistically significant difference between post training and follow-up scores in both the groups.Conclusions: In conclusion short-term MLT resulted in betterment of speech in noise performance. MLT can be hence used as a viable tool in formal auditory training for better prognosis.

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