scholarly journals PSV-7 Effects of music stimulus on behavior response, cortisol level and immunity horizontal of growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
Jiafang Li ◽  
Qian Han ◽  
Runxiang Zhang ◽  
Honggui Liu ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Noise Stimulus ◽  
Large White ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Music Stimulus

Abstract Enrichment environment is widely used to improve the welfare of domestic animals and satisfy their natural behavior. Music as an enriched environment can reduce abnormal behavior in humans, non-human primates and rodents. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of repeated music stimuli on the behavior, physiology and immunity of growing pigs. A total of 72 5-week-old hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Minpig) were randomly divided into three treatments groups of the music group (Mozart K.448, 65–70 dB), the noise group (mechanical noise, 85–90 dB) and the control group (silence, less than 40dB). During 60 days of auditory exposure, the behavioral responses, cortisol level and immune horizontal of the piglets were measured. The results showed that the active behavior of the growing pigs increased and lying behavior decreased in the music group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The music stimulus increased tail wagging, tail in curl and playing behaviors (P < 0.05). The noise stimulus increased aggressive behavior (P < 0.05) but had no effect on the exploring and manipulative behaviors (P > 0.05). The frequency of the event behaviors decreased with the time of auditory stimuli (P < 0.05). Short-term music stimulus had a lower cortisol level than the noise and control groups (P < 0.05). Long-term music stimulus increased the level of IgG, IL-2 and IFN-γ (P < 0.05) and decreased the IL-4 level (P < 0.05). Noise stimulus reduced the level of IgG (P < 0.05) but had no effect on the level of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ (P > 0.05). In conclusion, music stimulus triggers the pigs to show more positive behaviors, and the short-term music stimulus can reduce the stress response, while the long-term music stimulus can enhance the immune responses in the growing pigs.

Effects of music stimulus on behavior response, cortisol level, and horizontal immunity of growing pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiafang Li ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Honggui Liu ◽  
Jianhong Li ◽  
Qian Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Music Stimulus ◽  
And Control

Abstract An enriched environment is widely used to improve domestic animals’ welfare and promote their natural behaviors. Music can reduce abnormal behavior in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. However, little is known about the effects of music on pigs. This study aims to explore the effects of repeated music stimulation on the behavior, physiology, and immunity of growing pigs. A total of 72 hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Minpig) were randomly divided into three groups, including music (Mozart K.448, 60 to 70 dB), noise (recorded mechanical noise, 80 to 85 dB), and control (natural background sound, <40 dB), and 6 h sound stimulation was given per day (1000 to 1600 hours) from 40 to 100 d of age. The behavioral activities of the pigs were observed during the music stimulation, and their serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, and serum immune indices were also measured. Compared with the control group, the music group and noise group increased activity but decreased lying of pigs (P < 0.05). A significant increase in tail-wagging, playing, and exploring behaviors of pigs was found in the music group (P < 0.05), and the noise significantly increased the aggressive behavior of the pigs (P < 0.05). Tail-wagging, playing, exploring, manipulating, and aggressive behaviors decreased over time. Short-term (8 d) music stimulus had a lower cortisol level than that of the noise and control groups (P < 0.05), whereas long-term (60 d) music stimulus increased immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels (P < 0.05) and decreased interleukin-4 (IL-4) level (P < 0.05). Long-term noise stimulus significantly reduced the level of IgG (P < 0.05) but did not affect the level of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, short-term music stimulus (8 d) reduced the stress response, whereas long-term music stimulus (60 d) enhanced the immune responses. In addition, the noise increased the aggressive behavior, and long-term noise reduced the immunity of the growing pigs.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a bystander intervention for preventing dating violence in Brazilian adolescents: short-term evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Brito dos Santos ◽  
Sheila Giardini Murta ◽  
Luis Gustavo do Amaral Vinha ◽  
Juliana Silva de Deus
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Short Term Evaluation ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Brazilian Culture

Abstract Peers are the preferred source of help for Brazilian adolescents who experience dating violence. However, they are not always the best informants for effective responses for dealing with situations of violence in romantic relationships among peers. This experimental study aimed to evaluate the short-term efficacy of three aspects of a peer- and bystander approach-based intervention: the intent to offer help, empathy, and bystander attitudes in response to dating violence in a Brazilian sample of adolescents. The study’s participants were 33 adolescents randomized in two groups: experimental group (EG, n = 14) and control group (CG, n = 19). The EG underwent three weekly intervention sessions of 90 min each on the healthy versus violent romantic relationships, the quality of friendship in the peer network, and the role of the bystander, while the CG received no intervention. Evaluations were performed 1 week before and two and half months after the intervention. Statistically significant differences between EG and CG at post-test were not found in intention to help, empathy, and bystander attitudes. Future studies should include evaluations of larger samples and mid- and long-term follow-ups to identify patterns of change over the long term as well as examine barriers to utilization of bystander behaviors by adolescents in Brazilian culture.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Policy Effect of China’s Environmental Interview System for Effective Air Quality Governance

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9006
Author(s):  
Xue Jin ◽  
Ussif Rashid Sumaila ◽  
Kedong Yin ◽  
Zhichao Qi
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Interview System

The Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China formally proposed an environmental interview system in May 2014, which applies pressure on local governments to fulfill their responsibility toward environmental protection by conducting face-to-face public interviews with their officials. In this paper, 48 cities that were publicly interviewed from 2014–2020 were considered the experimental group and 48 cities surrounding them were the control group. First, the dynamic panel model is applied to initially determine the effect of the policy. Then, a regression discontinuity method (Sharp RD) is used to analyze the short-term and long-term effects and compare the reasons for the differences observed among the estimates of various types of samples. Finally, a series of robustness tests were also conducted. The results show that the environmental interview system can improve air quality. However, because an emergency short-term local governance system exists at present, the governance effect is not long-term and, therefore, not sustainable. Therefore, it suggests that the government should continue to improve the environmental interview system, establish an optimal environmental protection incentive mechanism, and encourage local governments to implement environmental protection policies effectively in the long term. The results of the research are of great significance to the environmental impact assessment system of the world, especially in countries with similar economic systems, which are facing a trade-off between economic growth and environmental sustainability.

EFFECT OF VARIOUS FORMS OF SELENIUM ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND METABOLISM OF FATTENED YOUNG PIGS IN PRODUCTION CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
M.G. CHABAEV ◽  
◽  
E.YU. TSIS ◽  
R.V. NEKRASOV ◽  
M.I. KLEMENTEV
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Activity ◽  
Large White ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Young Pigs

Selenium plays an important role for maintaining complex and adequate nutrition of fattened young pigs. It also has a big biological importance to maintain growth and health, as well as for biochemical and physiological processes This study presents the results of a production experiment to determine the effect of organic and inorganic forms of selenium on growth indicators, immunohematological blood parameters and slaughter qualities of fattened pigs in period I and II. Test feeding with various forms of selenium has been implemented with two groups of analogs (N = 60; n = 30), taking into account age and live weight. The experiment was conducted on castrates of large white breed, which were divided into two groups of 30 heads each following the principle of analogues (taking into account their age, live weight). The studied fattened pigs received standard complete feeds of the SK-5 and SK-6 types for a period of 105 days. Growing pigs were fed with organic selenium for 20 mg/kg as part of the feed 64 mixture per head in the first and second period of fattening, while the animals of the control group were fed with 0.3 mg/kg of the inorganic form of selenium. Including a chelated form of selenium in the complete feed of castrates at the rate established in the course of scientific and economic studies has led to 757 g of average daily gain, which is 8.1% more as compared to the control group. The concentration of red blood cells in the blood of growing pigs fed with 20 mg/kg of selenium chelate increased by 6.3%, hemoglobin – by 2.4%, and white blood cells – by 7.1% as compared to the control. Feeding organic selenium to fattened young pigs contributed to a significant increase in specific units of protein activity by 38.65% (p < 0.01), BASC – by 7.63%, as well as lysis – by 40.06% (p < 0.05), and phagocytic activity by 3.33% in blood serum as compared to the control. The half-carcasses of hogs who had received fed rations including selenium chelate fetured slaughter weight and slaughter yield, respectively, higher – by 6.4 and 0.6% as compared with the control analogues. The use of the established norm of organic selenium in the diets of fattened young pigs according to the results of production testing is economically profitable and contributes to a per-head profit of 420 rubles.

Low Mortality of Larval Lampreys from Electrofishing, Suction-pumping, Anesthesia, and Handling

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 640-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Jolley ◽  
Christina T. Uh ◽  
Gregory S. Silver ◽  
Timothy A. Whitesel
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Pacific Lamprey ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Delayed Mortality

Abstract Native lamprey populations are declining worldwide. In the Pacific Northwest focus on conservation and management of these ecologically and culturally important species has increased. Concern has emerged regarding the effects of sampling and handling of lamprey, with little to no attention given to the larval lifestage. We monitored the survival of larval Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus and Lampetra spp. after backpack electrofishing, deepwater electrofishing and suction-pumping, anesthesia, and handling. We performed survival trials on wild-caught lamprey (n = 15 larvae in each trial) collected from the Clackamas River drainage in Oregon, USA, coupled with control group trials from lamprey sourced from a hatchery (n = 10 larvae). Short-term (96 h) survival was &gt;98% with only one observed mortality. Delayed mortality (1 wk) was observed for four individuals that had fungus; two of those were positive for the bacteria Aeromonas hyrdrophila. We recorded blood hematocrit as a secondary measure of stress. The baseline, nonstressed larvae hematocrit levels did not differ from those of fish that had undergone stress through electrofishing, suction-pumping, and handling without anesthesia. Electrofishing, suction-pumping, and anesthesia showed no short-term negative effects on larval lamprey although potential long-term effects remain unstudied. These techniques appear to provide efficient and relatively safe methods for collecting and surveying larval lamprey.

scholarly journals Fusion Cytokines IL-7-Linker-IL-15 Promote Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Subunit Vaccine to Induce Central Memory like T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Chunxiang Bai ◽  
Lijun Zhou ◽  
Junxia Tang ◽  
Juanjuan He ◽  
Jiangyuan Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Central Memory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Ifn Γ

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), is among the most serious infectious diseases worldwide. Adjuvanted protein subunit vaccines have been demonstrated as a kind of promising novel vaccine. This study proposed to investigate whether cytokines interliukine-7 (IL-7) and interliukine-15 (IL-15) help TB subunit vaccines induce long-term cell-mediated immune responses, which are required for vaccination against TB. In this study, mice were immunized with the M. tuberculosis protein subunit vaccines combined with adnovirus-mediated cytokines IL-7, IL-15, IL-7-IL-15, and IL-7-Linker-IL-15 at 0, 2, and 4 weeks, respectively. Twenty weeks after the last immunization, the long-term immune responses, especially the central memory-like T cells (TCM like cell)-mediated immune responses, were determined with the methods of cultured IFN-γ-ELISPOT, expanded secondary immune responses, cell proliferation, and protective efficacy against Mycobacterium bovis Bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) challenge, etc. The results showed that the group of vaccine + rAd-IL-7-Linker-IL-15 induced a stronger long-term antigen-specific TCM like cells-mediated immune responses and had higher protective efficacy against BCG challenge than the vaccine + rAd-vector control group, the vaccine + rAd-IL-7 and the vaccine + rAd-IL-15 groups. This study indicated that rAd-IL-7-Linker-IL-15 improved the TB subunit vaccine’s efficacy by augmenting TCM like cells and provided long-term protective efficacy against Mycobacteria.

Insulin resistance caused by amylin in conscious rats is independent of induced hypocalcemia and fades during long-term exposure

1993 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Fürnsinn ◽  
Peter Nowotny ◽  
Michael Roden ◽  
Madeleine Rohac ◽  
Thomas Pieber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp

To compare the effect of short- vs long-term amylin infusion on insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and serum calcemia, euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (26 pmol·kg−1·min−1) and glucose tolerance tests (2.4 mmol/kg over 30 min) were performed in lean Zucker rats. Three infusion protocols were employed: control group: 24 h of iv saline; short-term amylin exposure: 22 h of iv saline followed by 2 h of iv amylin (20 μg/h); long-term amylin exposure: 24 h of iv amylin (20 μg/h). Insulin resistance was induced by short-term amylin infusion during euglycemic clamping, as shown by a 41% decrease in space-corrected glucose infusion rates (μmol·kg−1·min−1; control group, 106.0±15.0; short-term iv amylin, 62.7±15.0; p<0.00 5). After long-term amylin exposure, insulin sensitivity was identical to control values (109.9±6.7). This fading action of amylin was confirmed by data from the glucose tolerance test, demonstrating glucose intolerance after short- but not after long-term amylin exposure. Serum calcium concentration decreased during short-term (2 h) amylin infusion (from 2.52±0.15 to 2.09±0.12 mmol/l; p<0.01) and hypocalcemia of a similar extent also was present after 22 h and 24 h of amylin exposure (2.10±0.09 and 2.04±0.14 mmol/l, respectively). The data demonstrate that short-term amylin infusion induces insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, both of which vanish during long-term (>22 h) amylin exposure, being apparently independent of induced hypocalcemia.

The influence of boar-related odours on puberty attainment in gilts

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Kirkwood ◽  
P. E. Hughes ◽  
W. D. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primer Pheromone ◽  
Large White ◽  
Diethyl Ether Extract ◽  
Behavioural Effects ◽  
Unstimulated Control ◽  
Pheromone Activity

ABSTRACTThree experiments employing 40, 39 and 15 Large White × (Landrace × Large White) gilts respectively were carried out to investigate possible primer pheromone activity (i.e. regulating endocrine systems) for those 16-androstene steroids with known signalling pheromone activity (i.e. immediate behavioural effects) in the pig. Experiment 1 consisted of groups of prepubertal gilts exposed to one of the following odour sources (a) 5α-androstenone (5α-androst-16-en-3-one), (b) 3α-androstenol (5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol), (c) a mixture of both steroids, and (d) a diethyl ether extract of boar submaxillary salivary gland. Age at the onset of puberty in these gilts was compared with that in an unstimulated control group. Experiment 2 was similar to Experiment 1 except that the steroids were used at a higher concentration (100 fold), and a fifth group of gilts was exposed to an intact boar. In the third experiment, age at the onset of puberty was noted following exposure of groups of gilts to one of the following (a) a castrated boar which had received long term injections of testosterone, (b) urine from an intact boar, (c) an intact boar.The results confirmed that the intact boar accelerates puberty in gilts. Although there was no conclusive evidence indicating that isolated boar odours had an effect on the onset of puberty, it is noteworthy that of those gilts exposed to 3α-androstenol, more reached puberty earlier than control gilts. However there is the possibility that transportation may have enhanced the earlier puberty found in some of the gilts taken to a source of 3α-androstenol. Prolonged treatment of a castrated boar with testosterone did not maintain its ability to accelerate puberty in gilts.

Short-Term Postnatal Renal Function in Twin Anemia-Polycythemia Sequence

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianne Verbeek ◽  
Femke Slaghekke ◽  
Romain Favre ◽  
Marine Vieujoz ◽  
Francesco Cavigioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Twin Pair ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Monochorionic Twins ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Age At Birth

Objective: To evaluate the short-term renal function in neonates with twin anemia-polycythemia sequence (TAPS). Methods: All consecutive monochorionic twins with TAPS with double survivors admitted to three European centers were included in this retrospective study. Each twin pair was matched for gestational age at birth with a control twin pair unaffected by TAPS or twin-twin transfusion syndrome. Creatinine and urea levels in the first week after birth were recorded. Short-term postnatal renal dysfunction was defined as creatinine >100 μmol/l during the first week after birth. Results: A total of 52 TAPS twin pairs and 52 control twin pairs with a median gestational age of 31 weeks at birth were included in the study. In the TAPS group, donors had higher mean creatinine levels compared to recipients, 85 versus 71 μmol/l, respectively (p = 0.001). Short-term renal dysfunction was detected in 26.0% (13/50) of the donors versus 6.3% (3/48) of the recipients (p = 0.022). In the control group, no inter-twin differences in creatinine levels were found. Conclusions: Donor twins with TAPS have higher creatinine levels than recipient twins, suggesting that chronic inter-twin transfusion in TAPS may also cause short-term renal dysfunction. Long-term renal consequences in TAPS donors require further investigation.

scholarly journals Reconstitution of the complete rupture in musculotendinous junction using skeletal muscle-derived multipotent stem cell sheet-pellets as a “bio-bond”

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Hashimoto ◽  
Tetsuro Tamaki ◽  
Maki Hirata ◽  
Yoshiyasu Uchiyama ◽  
Masato Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Musculotendinous Junction ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cell ◽  
Recovery Group ◽  
Tetanic Tension

Background.Significant and/or complete rupture in the musculotendinous junction (MTJ) is a challenging lesion to treat because of the lack of reliable suture methods. Skeletal muscle-derived multipotent stem cell (Sk-MSC) sheet-pellets, which are able to reconstitute peripheral nerve and muscular/vascular tissues with robust connective tissue networks, have been applied as a “bio-bond”.Methods.Sk-MSC sheet-pellets, derived from GFP transgenic-mice after 7 days of expansion culture, were detached with EDTA to maintain cell–cell connections. A completely ruptured MTJ model was prepared in the right tibialis anterior (TA) of the recipient mice, and was covered with sheet-pellets. The left side was preserved as a contralateral control. The control group received the same amount of the cell-free medium. The sheet-pellet transplantation (SP) group was further divided into two groups; as the short term (4–8 weeks) and long term (14–18 weeks) recovery group. At each time point after transplantation, tetanic tension output was measured through the electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve. The behavior of engrafted GFP+tissues and cells was analyzed by fluorescence immunohistochemistry.Results.The SP short term recovery group showed average 64% recovery of muscle mass, and 36% recovery of tetanic tension output relative to the contralateral side. Then, the SP long term recovery group showed increased recovery of average muscle mass (77%) and tetanic tension output (49%). However, the control group showed no recovery of continuity between muscle and tendon, and demonstrated increased muscle atrophy, with coalescence to the tibia during 4–8 weeks after operation. Histological evidence also supported the above functional recovery of SP group. Engrafted Sk-MSCs primarily formed the connective tissues and muscle fibers, including nerve-vascular networks, and bridged the ruptured tendon–muscle fiber units, with differentiation into skeletal muscle cells, Schwann cells, vascular smooth muscle, and endothelial cells.Discussion.This bridging capacity between tendon and muscle fibers of the Sk-MSC sheet-pellet, as a “bio-bond,” represents a possible treatment for various MTJ ruptures following surgery.

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