scholarly journals Glial Response and Neuroinflammation in Cerebrocortical Atrophy in a Young Irish Wolfhound Dog

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Fabiano J. F. de Sant’Ana ◽  
Miguel Omaña ◽  
Ester Blasco ◽  
Martí Pumarola
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Old Irish ◽  
Neuronal Necrosis ◽  
Neurological Exam ◽  
History Of ◽  
Laminar Pattern ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

A two-year-old, Irish Wolfhound dog presented with a history of progressive neurological signs. Neurological exam revealed disorientation, absence of menace response, reduction of right nasal sensation, hypermetria and ataxia with reduction of proprioception in all four limbs. MRI findings were compatible with laminar neuronal necrosis and possible bilateral cortical cerebral atrophy. Grossly, a severe bilateral reduction of the gray matter with flattening of gyri, mainly in frontal and parietal cerebral areas, was observed. Histologically, multiple, segmental, bilateral, and symmetric areas of neuronal loss, necrosis and degeneration, in a laminar pattern, associated with a reactive gliosis were observed. Immunohistochemical studies showed severe reduction of neuronal bodies, proliferation and hypertrophy of astrocytes and microglia. Few perivascular B and T cells were demonstrated. Based on these data, we show some of the neuroinflammatory events that occur during CNS repair in a chronic phase of this condition.

scholarly journals Ganglioneuroblastoma of the cerebellum: neuroimaging and pathological features of a case

2007 ◽  
Vol 65 (2A) ◽  
pp. 338-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson L. Gasparetto ◽  
Sérgio Rosemberg ◽  
Hamilton Matushita ◽  
Claudia da Costa Leite
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cerebellar Mass ◽  
One Year ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of ganglioneuroblastoma of cerebellum, with emphasis to the neuroimaging and pathological findings. CASE REPORT: A one year and eight-month-old girl presented with a two-month history of hypoactivity and tremor in the legs. The MRI showed an enhancing cerebellar mass hypointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. The patient underwent a craniotomy with resection of the lesion. The histological and immunohistochemical studies defined the diagnosis of ganglioneuroblastoma. CONCLUSION: The MRI findings of our case showed no features which could help in the differentiation between ganglioneuroblastoma and the other common types of posterior fossa neoplasms in the pediatric population.

Case Report: Management of a Patient with mTBI and Vestibular Hypofunction with the Binasal Occlusion Technique

2018 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Motion Sensitivity ◽  
Vestibular Hypofunction ◽  
First Case ◽  
Neurological Exam ◽  
History Of ◽  
Occlusion Technique ◽  
Visual Vertigo

Background: Binasal Occlusion (BNO) is a clinical technique used by many neurorehabilitative optometrists in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and increased visual motion sensitivity (VMS) or visual vertigo. BNO is a technique in which partial occluders are added to the spectacle lenses to suppress the abnormal peripheral visual motion information. This technique helps in reducing VMS symptoms (i.e., nausea, dizziness, balance difficulty, visual confusion). Case Report: A 44-year-old AA female presented for a routine eye exam with a history of mTBI approximately 33 years ago. She was suffering from severe dizziness for the last two years that was adversely impacting her ADLs. The dizziness occurred in all body positions and all environments throughout the day. She was diagnosed with vestibular hypofunction and had undergone vestibular therapy but reported little improvement. Neurological exam revealed dizziness with both OKN drum and hand movement, especially in the left visual field. BNO technique resulted in immediate relief of her dizziness symptoms. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first case that illustrates how the BNO technique in isolation can be beneficial for patients with mTBI and vestibular hypofunction. It demonstrates the success that BNO has in filtering abnormal peripheral visual motion in these patients.

Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-aided Diagnosis of Primary Essential Cutis Verticis Gyrata: A Case Report with 5-year Follow-up and Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 906-910
Author(s):  
Hongzhang Zhu ◽  
Shi-Ting Feng ◽  
Xingqi Zhang ◽  
Zunfu Ke ◽  
Ruixi Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Cutis Verticis Gyrata ◽  
Essential Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Cutis Verticis Gyrata (CVG) is a rare skin disease caused by overgrowth of the scalp, presenting as cerebriform folds and wrinkles. CVG can be classified into two forms: primary (essential and non-essential) and secondary. The primary non-essential form is often associated with neurological and ophthalmological abnormalities, while the primary essential form occurs without associated comorbidities. Discussion: We report on a rare case of primary essential CVG with a 4-year history of normal-colored scalp skin mass in the parietal-occipital region without symptom in a 34-year-old male patient, retrospectively summarizing his pathological and Computer Tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. The major clinical observations on the CT and MR sectional images include a thickened dermis and excessive growth of the scalp, forming the characteristic scalp folds. With the help of CT and MRI Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques, the characteristic skin changes could be displayed intuitively, providing more evidence for a diagnosis of CVG. At the 5-year followup, there were no obvious changes in the lesion. Conclusion: Based on our observations, we propose that not all patients with primary essential CVG need surgical intervention, and continuous clinical observation should be an appropriate therapy for those in stable condition.

scholarly journals Multiple-System Atrophy in Long-Term Professional Painter: A Case Report

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Yusa Nagai ◽  
Riko Kitazawa ◽  
Miku Nakagawa ◽  
Munenori Komoda ◽  
Takeshi Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple System Atrophy ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusion ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
History Of

Introduction. Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare and severe adult-onset, sporadic, and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Here, we describe an autopsy case of MSA in a long-term professional painter. Although typical glial cytoplasmic inclusion (GCI) was not observed in a routine histological examination, strong α-synuclein immunostaining in the nucleus confirmed the diagnosis of MSA.Case Presentation. A 48-year-old Japanese man with a long occupational history of professional painter was sent to the emergency room, where he died of multiple organ failure. The patient had suffered tremors and inarticulateness at age 28, developed diabetes at 42 and was diagnosed with spinocerebellar degeneration at 46. A histopathological examination showed severe neuronal loss, gliosis, and tissue rarefaction in the paleostriatum, striate body of the substantia nigra, the pons, and the olivary nucleus of the upper medulla oblongata, intermediolateral of the spinal gray matter (sacral region). α-synuclein-positive GCI in oligodendroglia was occurred in the cerebral cortex, the midbrain, the medulla oblongata, and the spinal cord. These findings confirmed the presence of multiple-system atrophy (OPCA+SDS).Conclusion. Although the pathogenesis of MSA is still unclear, prolonged, and extensive exposure to organic solvents, together with a hyperglycemic morbidity attributed to diabetes, may have contributed to the onset and clinical course of the present case.

Progressive Mucinous Histiocytosis: Importance of Electron Microscopy to Confirm Diagnosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Hemmati ◽  
W. Alastair McLeod ◽  
Richard I. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis ◽  
Langerhans Cell ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

Background: Progressive mucinous histiocytosis (PMH) is a benign, non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis with characteristic ultrastructural features that can be used for diagnosis. Once an important tool in dermatologic diagnosis, electron microscopy has been largely replaced by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques today. However, electron microscopy occasionally still plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of dermatologic conditions. We report a case of PMH as an example of a dermatologic disorder that requires electron microscopy for its diagnosis. Methods: A 60-year-old woman presented to our clinic with a history of small, sharply demarcated, skin-colored papules ranging from 2 to 5 mm in diameter distributed over the arms, forearms, and dorsal hands. The results of light microscopy, immunohistochemical studies, and clinical examination were inconclusive. Another biopsy for electron microscopy showed the characteristic features of PMH. Conclusion: This case demonstrates that a dermatopathology service still needs to have access to electron microscopy for diagnostic purposes to successfully diagnose a small number of rare conditions.

scholarly journals Metastasis of breast cancer to bladder

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Hadhri ◽  
Rim Abidi ◽  
Najet Mahjoub ◽  
Alia Mousli ◽  
Khalil Mahjoubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lobular Carcinoma ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Left Breast ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bladder Metastasis ◽  
One Year ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women, and most breast cancer related deaths are due to metastasis. Urinary bladder metastasis from breast cancer is rarely reported in the literature. Case presentation We report a case of a 77-year-old female with history of left breast cancer, who presented a thickening of the bladder wall at pelvic ultrasound. Biopsy confirmed that the origin was lobular carcinoma of breast origin. The patient received chemotherapy, but the clinical course of the patient was very aggressive and she died one year later. Conclusion Bladder metastasis from breast cancer is rare, but the literature reveals an increase in such occurrence over the last few years. Pathologic diagnosis relies on immunohistochemical studies. Chemotherapy and hormonal treatment represent the standard therapy, with radiotherapy being used only to control bladder bleeding. The prognosis is usually poor.

scholarly journals Huntington`s Chorea - a Case Report and review of literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Anjum Iqbal ◽  
Nadeem Azam ◽  
Koukab Javed ◽  
Ghana Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Dementia ◽  
Similar Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eye Examination ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Naval Hospital

A 45 years old gentleman presented to Medical Clinic of Naval Hospital (PNS Hafeez) Islamabad in January 2001 with choreform movements of the body and early dementia of six months duration. He had a strong family history of similar disease, which included his father and two brothers. On neurological examination he had choreoathetoid movements and features of early dementia. His chest was clinically clear and examination of heart and abdomen was normal. Eye examination did not reveal any evidence of Kayser-Fleischer rings (seen in Wilson`s disease). Laboratory investigations showed haemoglobin 13.8 Gm/dl, WBC 7.7 x10e9/L, serum urea 32 mg/dl, serum sodium 139 mmol/L serum potassium 3.8 mmol/L, ASO titre less than 200 IU/ml, serum bilirubin 6 umol/L, ALT 102 U/L, serum alkaline phosphatase 155 U/L, serum caeruloplasmin 42 mg/dl and serum copper 164 mmol/L (WNL). X-ray chest was normal and CT scan brain showed early generalized cerebral atrophy. He was managed with haloperidol (0.5mg) 12 hourly, Procyclidine (kemadrin, 5mg) 8 hourly and Propranolol (Inderal 10mg) 8 hourly. He was discharged from hospital with relative improvement after 2 weeks.

scholarly journals Case report: MRI findings of acute uremic encephalopathy in a 1-year-old boy

2021 ◽  
pp. 20210057
Author(s):  
Amar Ajay Chotai ◽  
Dipayan Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Extracellular Potassium ◽  
Neurological Abnormality ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Intracellular Space ◽  
History Of ◽  
Function Profile

We present a 1-year-old boy who presented to the emergency department with a 7-day history of diarrhoea and vomiting. The initial renal function profile demonstrated a urea of 55 mmol l−1 (normal range between 5 and 20 mmol l−1), creatinine 695 micromol/L (normal range between 62–106 micromol/L) and potassium 9.1 mmol l−1 (normal range between 3.5–5.0 mmol l−1), with a profound metabolic acidosis. Upon examination, there were no significant findings, specifically no neurological abnormality. He was prescribed back-to-back Salbutamol nebulisers, to increase the shift of extracellular potassium into the intracellular space, followed by i.v. calcium gluconate, with some improvement in potassium levels. A further 5 mmol of sodium bicarbonate was given, as well as a stat dose of 1 mg/kg furosemide, and per rectal calcium resonium. He was then commenced on an infusion with 10% dextrose with insulin. He was subsequently found to be in urinary retention and a catheter was inserted, which drained 1700 ml. A subsequent renal function profile, 24 hours after admission, demonstrated improvement with urea 39 mmol l−1, creatinine 300 micromol/L and potassium 3.0 mEq/L.

scholarly journals Middle Ear Adenoma presenting as a Petrous Mass Lesion Lesion

2019 ◽  
Vol VOLUME 7 (VOLUME 7 NUMBER 2 NOV 2018) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Pearly PK
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Benign Tumor ◽  
Unilateral Hearing Loss ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Short Segment ◽  
Facial Movements ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middle Ear Adenoma ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Ct And Mri

Introduction: Inspite of modern radiological work up, surgeons can still be surprised by intraoperative findings or by pathologists report. Materials and methods: We present the case history of a 51 year old male who came to our institute with complaints of unilateral hearing loss, involuntary facial movements and retroauricular pain for a period of 1 year. He underwent Fisch approach with short segment mobilization of facial nerve. Results: Though pre-operative CT and MRI findings were suggestive of a petroclival mass he had middle ear adenoma. Key Words: Middle ear, Middle Ear Adenoma, Middle Ear benign tumor, Adenoma

Atlantoaxial epidural abscess secondary to grass awn migration in a dog

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Geissbühler ◽  
P. Karli ◽  
F. Forterre ◽  
E. Linon
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Epidural Abscess ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Grass Awn

SummaryA two-year-old female Lucerne Hound was presented with a one-week history of signs of progressive neck pain, inappetence, apathy, and an elevated rectal temperature. Findings of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were consistent with a foreign body abscess in the epidural space at the level of the first and second cervical vertebrae. A leftsided dorso-lateral atlantoaxial approach was performed, revealing an epidural abscess containing a grass awn. The clinical signs resolved within three days of surgery and the dog made a full recovery. This case report shows that grass awns can migrate to the atlantoaxial region in dogs and MRI findings lead to a suspicion of caudo-cranial migration within the spinal canal.

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