Prevalence of Fascioliasis and Associated Economic Losses in Cattle Slaughtered at Lira Municipality Abattoir in Northern Uganda

Fascioliasis (liver fluke infestation) is one of the most important parasitic diseases affecting cattle, other ruminant animals and humans. Fascioliasis causes large, but usually neglected, economic losses to cattle farmers and traders. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and associated risks for fascioliasis in slaughter cattle and estimate the financial losses due to liver condemnation at the Lira Municipal abattoir in Uganda. A total of 216 cattle were sampled during the study period. Animal breed and sex were determined by observing the phenotypic characteristics of the animals. Age was determined by assessing the eruption and wearing of permanent teeth. After slaughter, the liver was examined for presence of Fasciola spp (liver flukes) by visual inspection, palpation, and incisions. The bile ducts and gall bladder were similarly examined for presence of mature Fasciola spp. The gross weight and amount of liver trimmed-off due to fluke infestation were determined. Of the 216 liver examined, 65.7% (n = 142) were infested with Fasciola spp. Cattle that were aged 4–5 years old at the time of slaughter had significantly greater odds (OR = 5.84; CI [2.79–12.22]) of being infested with Fasciola spp. compared to those that were younger than 3.5 years old. In contrast, cattle that had a body condition score of 3.5 or 4 had lower odds (OR= 0.42; CI [0.21–0.88] and OR = 0.22; CI [0.04–1.10]) of fascioliasis than those with a BCS of 3. Other tested variables including animal origin, breed, sex, and gross weight of the liver had no significant effect on the prevalence of fascioliasis. This study also revealed that the abattoir loses an estimated 38 million UGX annually due to condemnation of Fasciola-infested liver (one UGX= 0.00027 USD; July 2016). Our study showed that the prevalence of fascioliasis was high in Lira District, Uganda, which results in a large amount of liver being condemned and destroyed, leading to financial losses for affected farmers in the area. Therefore, there is a need to take the necessary preventive measures to control the disease and increase awareness among farmers and medical personnel in the area due to the zoonotic nature of fascioliasis.

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Coprological Detection of Bovine Fasciolosis in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria

NIGERIAN ANNALS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES ◽

10.46912/napas.110 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 67-74

Author(s):

Z Abubakar ◽

R J Ombugadu ◽

J D C Tongjura ◽

G A Amuga ◽

A B Yako

Keyword(s):

Body Condition ◽

Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Condition Score ◽

Body Condition Scoring ◽

Gross Lesions ◽

Liver Flukes

Bovine Fasciolosis is a vector – borne zoonosis and one of the most neglected tropical diseases that cause huge economic losses and poor animal conditions in Nigeria. The prevalence of Fasciolosis in Cattle slaughtered in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja was investigated. Faecal samples were collected from the cattle antemortem and analysed using copro ELISA test-kits and gross lesions were inspected at postmortem. Out of one hundred and eighty six (186) faecal samples analysed, over-all prevalence was 98(52.7%). From each abattoir was 38 (38.8%), 36 (36.7%) and 24 (24.5%) at Karu, Dei-Dei and Gwagwalada abattoirs respectively. Based on body condition scoring, infection rates were 39 (58.2%), 45 (58.4%) and 20 (47.6%) from cattle with poor, moderate and good body conditions accordingly. Males had a higher prevalence rate of 48 (50%) than females with 40 (44.4%). Based on the breed of cattle, infection rate of the diseases was 41 (66.1%), 39 (62.9%) and 20 (32.3%) in White fulani, Sokotogudali and Red bororo accordingly. Out of 186 cattle inspected at postmortem, 47 livers were condemned totally due to the presence of liver flukes (Fasciola species) in the hepatic parenchyma, fluke tracts, livers were friable and chirrotic. This led to an estimated loss of about three million, one hundred and two thousand naira (3,102,000.00). There was no statistically significant association between the infection and breed, sex and body condition score (p>0.05). Treatment of all cattle with an effective flukicides, vector control, enlightening of cattle farmers for proper intervention against fasciolosis are recommended.

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Coprological Detection of Bovine Fasciolosis in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria

NIGERIAN ANNALS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES ◽

10.46912/napas1i.2019110 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 67-74

Author(s):

Z Abubakar ◽

R J Ombugadu ◽

J D C Tongjura ◽

G A Amuga ◽

A B Yako

Keyword(s):

Body Condition ◽

Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Condition Score ◽

Body Condition Scoring ◽

Gross Lesions ◽

Liver Flukes

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Recent Progress in the Development of Liver Fluke and Blood Fluke Vaccines

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines8030553 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 553 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Donald P. McManus

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Development ◽

Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

Clonorchis Sinensis ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Helminth Parasites ◽

Blood Fluke ◽

Parasitic Helminths ◽

The Status ◽

Liver Flukes ◽

Fasciola Spp

Liver flukes (Fasciola spp., Opisthorchis spp., Clonorchis sinensis) and blood flukes (Schistosoma spp.) are parasitic helminths causing neglected tropical diseases that result in substantial morbidity afflicting millions globally. Affecting the world’s poorest people, fasciolosis, opisthorchiasis, clonorchiasis and schistosomiasis cause severe disability; hinder growth, productivity and cognitive development; and can end in death. Children are often disproportionately affected. F. hepatica and F. gigantica are also the most important trematode flukes parasitising ruminants and cause substantial economic losses annually. Mass drug administration (MDA) programs for the control of these liver and blood fluke infections are in place in a number of countries but treatment coverage is often low, re-infection rates are high and drug compliance and effectiveness can vary. Furthermore, the spectre of drug resistance is ever-present, so MDA is not effective or sustainable long term. Vaccination would provide an invaluable tool to achieve lasting control leading to elimination. This review summarises the status currently of vaccine development, identifies some of the major scientific targets for progression and briefly discusses future innovations that may provide effective protective immunity against these helminth parasites and the diseases they cause.

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Tylosin injectable for the treatment of porcine proliferative enteropathy in experimentally inoculated pigs

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6066 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 168-174

Author(s):

Luisa V.A. Otoni ◽

Michelle P. Gabardo ◽

Núbia R. Macêdo ◽

Mariane M. Wagatsuma ◽

Marina M. Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Condition Score ◽

Initial Period ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Control Group ◽

Lawsonia Intracellularis ◽

Medication Group ◽

Proliferative Enteropathy ◽

Condition Score ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT: Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) is one of the most common enteric diseases in growing and finishing pigs. PPE is characterized by reduced growth performance, accompanied or not by diarrhea. PPE is highly prevalent in several countries of the Americas, Europe and Asia, causing high economic losses in swine herds. The most common form of PPE control in pigs is antibiotic therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate a new product based on tylosin injectable (Eurofarma Laboratórios S.A.) to control PPE in experimentally inoculated animals. Sixty 5-week-old pigs with mean weight of 9.5kg were divided into two experimental groups of 30 animals: medication and control. All pigs were challenged with Lawsonia intracellularis, the etiologic agent of PPE, on day zero. Fecal score, body condition score, and behavior were daily evaluated. Pigs were weighted on days -2, 13 and 21 of the experiment. Pigs in the Medication Group received tylosin injectable 13 days after inoculation, in three doses with a 12-hour interval between them. Pigs in the Control Group received injectable saline solution following the same protocol. In the Control Group, 23pigs presented with diarrhea before day 13. After day 13, the number of diarrheic animals in this group was reduced to 17. In the Medication Group, 26 pigs presented with diarrhea in the initial period, and in the period after medication, only 11 animals had diarrhea. The score of gross intestinal PPE lesions in the Medication Group was lower than that in the Control Group (p=0.031). The Medication Group also showed lower score for Lawsonia intracellularis antigen-labeling by immunohistochemistry compared with that of the Control Group (p=0.032), showing lower level of infection. These results demonstrate that tylosin injectable (Eurofarma Laboratórios S.A.), administrated in three doses (1mL/20kg) every 12 hours, was effective for the control of PPE in experimentally inoculated pigs.

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Prevalence and distribution of feet lesions in dairy cows raised in the freestall

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n1p239 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 239 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rafael Costa Ebling ◽

Amanda Krummenauer ◽

Gustavo Machado ◽

Diego Zeni ◽

Luis Paulo Carazzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

The Body ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Productivity Losses ◽

Foot Diseases ◽

Infectious Origin ◽

Condition Score ◽

Foot Lesions ◽

Sole Ulcers

Foot lesions are one of the main causes of productivity losses in the dairy industry. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of claudication and distribution of hoof lesions by associating them with preventive hoof trimming, as well as list the main causes of involuntary discarding and the main health problems reported in dairy farms. The study included 10 farms distributed in 7 municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul state. The body condition score (BCS) and locomotion score (LS) of the cows were assessed. Hoof examination, lesion classification, and hoof trimming of the animals were performed. Of the 492 animals, 38.4% presented lameness and 36% had foot lesions, 81.4% of which were observed in the pelvic limbs and 19.6% in the thoracic limbs. Of the lesions in the limbs, 47.1% were of infectious origin and 52.9% were noninfectious. The main lesions were sole ulcers (31.6%), digital dermatitis (30.3%), thin soles (12%), and interdigital dermatitis (11.2%). Cows aged 4 to 6 years had a higher number of lesions and a higher LS. Preventive hoof trimming reduced the chances of lameness by 55% as the locomotive system was the main sanitary problem and the first reason for involuntary disposal of the farms. The results show that dairy cows raised in a free stall system have a high prevalence of claudication and foot diseases. These data should be taken into account when altering the livestock management of these animals in order to reduce significant economic losses in the herd.

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Identification of factors causing reproductive disorders of the cow found in North Labuhanbatu Regency, North Sumatera Province

Livestock and Animal Research ◽

10.20961/lar.v19i1.41766 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Muharriza Nasution ◽

Tongku Nizwan Siregar ◽

Arman Sayuti ◽

Hafizuddin Hafizuddin ◽

Rosmaidar Rosmaidar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Body Condition ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Medical Personnel ◽

The Body ◽

Primary Data ◽

Survey Method ◽

Reproductive Disorders ◽

Condition Score

Objective: This study aims to identify the factors that cause reproductive disorders in beef cattle in the North Labuhanbatu, North Sumatra.Methods: The objects of this study were cattle with reproductive disorders and breeders whose cattle had reproductive disorders. This research used a survey method. Primary data was obtained by distributing questionnaires and conducting direct interviews with breeders, while secondary data was obtained by studying the 2017 report of UPSUS SIWAB (Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture's program to accelerate the fulfilment of domestic beef cattle population targets) in North Labuhanbatu Regency. The questionnaire covered the characteristics of cow with reproductive disorders including body condition score (BCS), type of cows, feed given to cows with reproductive disorders, maintenance management, veterinary/medical personnel visits, pregnancy checks, heat synchronization, birth assistance, type of mating, and the breeders identity. This questionnaire was distributed to 30 breeder respondents in 5 districts. Data were analyzed using stepwise regression with SPSS.Results: The results showed that 110 cows had reproductive disorders, 57.3% of which experienced hypofunctional ovaries. The independent variable that has the strongest correlation to the dependent variable is the body condition score (sig. 0.043), followed by the feed given to the cows (sig. 0.046) with the regression equation Y = -4.297 + 1.495X1 + 2.492X2.Conclusions: The identified factors that had correlation to reproductive disorders in female beef cattle are body condition score and feed.

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Copro-Antigenic Sandwich ELISA based Epidemiological Survey on Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus Infection in Dogs: First Insight from Pakistan

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology ◽

10.17957/ijab/15.1742 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (04) ◽

pp. 881-887

Author(s):

Mughees Aizaz Alvi

Keyword(s):

Echinococcus Granulosus ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Sandwich Elisa ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Epidemiological Survey ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Proactive Approach ◽

Feral Dogs ◽

Condition Score ◽

Dog Breed

Echinococcus granulosus (Eg) infection is a neglected tropical disease of humans and livestock with serious economic losses. Dogs as the definitive hosts are responsible for contaminating the environment through feces containing eggs. Using coproantigen ELISA, we tested 368 dogs randomly sampled from three Pakistani cities for infection with Eg. The highest prevalence was found in Lahore (9.80%) with an overall prevalence of 6.79%. Prevalence was higher in females (8.72%, odds ratio OR 1.71), young dogs (≤ 3 years) (6.93%, OR 1.06), stray/feral dogs (9.72%, OR 1.60), dogs fed with raw offal (8.28%, OR 2.63) and dogs with no anthelmintics treatment history (8.98%, OR 1.90). Prevalence was also higher in dogs with Body Condition Score (BCS) of 1–3 (10.86%; OR 5.75) and Grey Hound breed (15.62%; OR 6.94). Statistically significant association (P < 0.05) was found between copro-positivity and different variables investigated except for sex, dog breed and history for anthelmintic treatment (P > 0.05). Significant statistical differences (Binary logistic regression) were observed for age, companionship, feed type, BCS and previous intestinal illness. Since dogs are responsible for contaminating the environment, the Eg prevalence in this study indicates a potential risk for human and livestock populations in the study areas and suggests a proactive approach in CE management. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

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Liver Flukes Egg Infection and Associated Risk Factors in White Fulani Cattle Slaughtered in Wukari, Southern Taraba State, Nigeria

Advances in Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/2671620 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. A. Shinggu ◽

O. T. Olufemi ◽

J. A. Nwuku ◽

E. B. T. Baba-Onoja ◽

P. D. Iyawa

Keyword(s):

Body Condition ◽

Liver Fluke ◽

Management Practices ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

The Body ◽

Single Infection ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Condition Score ◽

White Fulani ◽

Liver Flukes

Fasciola, Fascioloides, and Dicrocoelium cause liver fluke diseases in ruminants and are of zoonotic and economic importance. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of liver fluke egg infection in White Fulani Cattle slaughtered in Wukari Cattle market abattoir in Wukari, Taraba State. A total of 262 gallbladders were collected and their contents were analyzed for the presence of eggs of liver flukes using sedimentation technique. Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS version 20 for window and Pearson’s Chi-Square (χ2) was used to evaluate the association between variables. Fasciola and Dicrocoelium eggs were encountered. Only 74 (28.2%) samples were positive for Fasciola egg and 211 (80.5%) for Dicrocoelium. The prevalence of liver fluke infection revealed 25% and 28.6% Fasciola eggs for male and female animals, respectively, while lancet fluke had 83.3% for male and 80.3% for female. Fasciola eggs were recovered in 20.8% of animals aged less 3 years (<3yrs) and 29.9% was recorded in animals 3 years and above (≥ 3yrs) while 81.3% for animals ≥ 3yrs and 77.1% for animals <3yrs were recorded for Dicrocoelium eggs. The body condition score-based prevalence for Fasciola yielded 38.1%, 26.8%, and 14% for poor, average, and good, respectively, while Dicrocoelium yielded 85.7%, 79.3%, and 85.7%. There was a significant difference between the body condition scores for fasciolosis. Only 59% harboured single infection with eggs of Dicrocoelium (P< 0.05) while 6.9% harboured Fasciola eggs. Mixed infection associating Fasciola and Dicrocoelium was observed in 21.4% of the sample cattle. Liver fluke infections: fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis occur among White Fulani cattle in Wukari and these infections are associated with the body condition score of the animals. This greatly affects the cattle production. There is a need to institute adequate control programmes complemented with good well-planned management practices in any production system involving cattle in Wukari.

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Occurrence of Fasciola gigantica and Paramphistomum spp Infection in Aceh Cattle

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202015101025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 151 ◽

pp. 01025

Author(s):

Muhammad Hambal ◽

Rizka Ayuni ◽

Henni Vanda ◽

Amiruddin Amiruddin ◽

Farida Athaillah

Keyword(s):

Body Condition ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Fasciola Gigantica ◽

The Body ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Aceh Province ◽

Condition Score ◽

Cattle Farming ◽

Banda Aceh

Fasciola gigantica and Paramphistomum spp. are trematode helminth causing severe economic losses in cattle farming in Aceh Province, Indonesia. This study was conducted to examine the correlation between the prevalence of F. gigantica and Paramphistomum spp infections with the body condition and sex of Aceh cattle. In total, 103 cattle (50 males and 53 females) from an abattoir in Banda Aceh were used. The body condition score was recorded and the number of fluke eggs in feces was examined coproscopically. The results showed that F. gigantica prevalence was 41% and 72% in females and males, respectively, whereas, the prevalence of Paramphistomum spp in females and males was 81% and 72%, respectively. The average number of fasciola eggs was 2.55 eggs/ g feces and 2.75 eggs/ g feces in females and males, respectively, The average number of Paramphistomum spp eggs was 127.6 eggs/g feces and 36.8 eggs/ g feces in males, and female respectively. Based on the Body Condition Score (BCS), the prevalence of both trematodes was higher in the skinny cattle (BSC 2 and 3). This study established that the infection of Fasciola in BCS 3 was higher than BCS 2 and 4. Male cattle were more susceptible to infection than females.

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Evaluation of slaughter cattle grades and standards of cull cows

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2020_26 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 162-167

Author(s):

A. P. Palii ◽

N. G. Admina ◽

S. A. Mihalchenko ◽

I. M. Lukyanov ◽

S. A. Denicenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Condition Score ◽

Theory And Practice ◽

Cull Cows ◽

Slaughter Cattle ◽

Widespread Implementation ◽

Condition Score ◽

Production Technologies ◽

Limb Posture ◽

Economic Use

Recently, due to the widespread implementation of intensive milk production technologies, the requirements for the type of animal physique have increased, because the theory and practice of breeding have proved that the economic and long-term use of cows is not possible without taking into account their exterior features and type of the constitution. The influence of the traits of the animals’ physique on the duration of their economic use was studied, and the main slaughter grades and standards minimum percentage of cows determined beaf cow culling were determined. We selected the criteria mainly caused the cattle removing from the herd: growth scale of score 4, sacral inclination – score 6, limb posture from rear and side views - score 5. The percentage of cattle culling with body condition score score ranged from 7 to 9 was determined.

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