scholarly journals Strategies for Highly Efficient Rabbit Sperm Cryopreservation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1220
Author(s):  
Kazutoshi Nishijima ◽  
Shuji Kitajima ◽  
Fumikazu Matsuhisa ◽  
Manabu Niimi ◽  
Chen-chi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Damage ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Sperm Cryopreservation ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Single Male ◽  
The Past ◽  
Thawing Process ◽  
Intracellular Ice

The rabbit is a valuable animal for both the economy and biomedical sciences. Sperm cryopreservation is one of the most efficient ways to preserve rabbit strains because it is easy to collect ejaculate repeatedly from a single male and inseminate artificially into multiple females. During the cooling, freezing and thawing process of sperms, the plasma membrane, cytoplasm and genome structures could be damaged by osmotic stress, cold shock, intracellular ice crystal formation, and excessive production of reactive oxygen species. In this review, we will discuss the progress made during the past years regarding efforts to minimize the cell damage in rabbit sperms, including freezing extender, cryoprotectants, supplements, and procedures.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Effect of Elamipretide on Bull’s Sperm Cells During Freezing/Thawing Process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Kowalczyk ◽  
Czerniawska Piątkowska Ewa
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Thawing Process

Abstract Background: Spermatozoa are subjected to drastic changes in temperature, ice crystal formation, and diverse types of stresses (chemical, physical, osmotic, and oxidative) during the cryopreservation process, which severely compromise sperm quality and fertility. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective role of Elamipretide in the cryopreservation of bull's sperm.Materials and methods: The study included 36 healthy Simmental bulls with an average age of 2 ± 0.5 years housed individually in pens. Two ejaculates were collected from each bull using an artificial vagina at 7 a.m. Subsequently, the semen was extended with animal protein–free commercial BIOXcell® extender (IMV Technologies, L’aigle, France) to a final concentration of 160x106 spermatozoa/mL, and rated in terms of motile sperm percentage, progressive motility, viability and abnormality of spermatozoa. Semen samples that showed more than 60% motility and 60% viability, were selected for the experiment. The fresh semen was then divided into five equal fractions. The first fraction was left for the control group (without Elamipretide), to the next were added in succession 0.1; 1; 5; and 10 μM of Elamipretide TFA (Trifluoroacetic) (MedChemExpress, USA). After that semen was subjected to freezing and thawing. Next semen was assessed for motility, viability, and antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT, MDA).Results: It has been shown that a concentration of 5 and 10 μM proved to be the most effective in terms of tested parameters of the quality of sperm cells subjected to cryopreservation.Conclusion: In conclusion, addition of the Elamipretide to the cryopreservation extender significantly improved frozen-thawed sperm cells quality and their function. The results of this study indicate that Elamipretide can be used as a cryoprotective agent to protect cells against the devastating effects of oxidative stress and increasing sperm survival after cryopreservation.

scholarly journals FREEZE ETCHING OF CELLS WITHOUT CRYOPROTECTANTS

1972 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Plattner ◽  
Walter M. Fischer ◽  
Werner W. Schmitt ◽  
Luis Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Cell Damage ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Unicellular Organisms ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Ice Crystal Formation

The technique of spray-freeze etching was applied to unicellular organisms. The superior freezing rates obtainable with this method gave excellent cryofixation on Chlorella, Euglena, and spermatozoa without the use of antifreeze agents, and cell damage due to ice crystal formation was never observed. In many instances the resultant morphology differed significantly from that obtained from glycerol-treated, freeze-etched cells. Furthermore, viability studies of spray-frozen Chlorella compared favorably with cells frozen by other methods.

scholarly journals Cryodehydration Technique Applied to Anatomical Segments

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (04) ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Althen Teixeira Filho ◽  
Bárbara Tavares Schäfer ◽  
Patrícia Silva Vives
Keyword(s):  
Biological Tissues ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Axis ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Dry Out ◽  
Inexpensive Technique

Abstract Introduction The present study describes a variation of the cryodehydration technique, applied to prepare biological tissues by repetitions of section freezing and thawing (SFT). First developed for muscles and then viscera, the aim of this process as presented here is to obtain anatomical segments to be used in anatomy classes, general exhibitions and museums. Materials and Methods The animal, previously fixed in 10% formalin, must be frozen and then sectioned in longitudinal, transverse and horizontal slices of the body-axis. It has two steps: the “burning phase,” in which ice crystal formation and water dilatation cause micro ruptures in the tissue; and the “dehydration phase,” developed to dry out the slices segments slowly and, at the same time, to impregnate tissues with wood glue. Results The obtained slices present several advantages, such as being dry segments, of light weight, and being rapidly used, easily stored and promptly studied. Also, it is possible to study the different organs of one segment and, by apposition, remount an entire animal, enabling a dynamic study. Conclusion This very simple and inexpensive technique produces anatomical preparations with high durability and resistance, which are very helpful in practical and theoretical classes.

scholarly journals Fast Drying Combined With Rapid Cooling Can Enhance The Survival of The Desiccation Sensitive Wheat Pollen After Ultra-Low Temperature Storage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Impe ◽  
Daniel Ballesteros ◽  
Manuela Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Slow Cooling ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Intracellular Ice ◽  
Fast Cooling ◽  
Ice Crystal Formation ◽  
Flash Drying

Abstract Long-term storage of pollen is important for the fertilization of spatially or temporally isolated female parents, especially during hybrid breeding. Wheat pollen is dehydration-sensitive and rapidly loses viability after shedding. To preserve wheat pollen, we hypothesized that fast-(flash)-drying and fast cooling (150°C min-1) compared to slow-(air)-drying and slow cooling (1°C min-1) would increase the rate of intracellular water content (WC) removal, decrease intracellular ice crystal formation, and increase viability after exposure to ultra-low temperatures. High correlations were found between pollen WC and viability analyzed by impedance flow cytometry (IFC viability: r=0.92, P<0.001) and pollen germination (r=0.94, P<0.001). After 10 min of air-drying, 66% WC was lost and pollen germination was at 12.2±12.3%. After 10 min of flash-drying, WC of pollen reduced by 74%. IFC viability decreased from 90.2±6.7 to 39.4±17.9%, and pollen germination dropped from 33.7±16.9 to 1.9±3.9%. After 12 min of flash-drying, WCs decreased to <0.34 mg H2O mg-1 DW, ice crystal formation was completely prevented (ΔH=0 J mg-1 DW), and pollen germination reached 1.2±1.0%. After slow and fast cooling, flash-dried pollen (WC 0.91±0.11 mg H2O mg-1 DW) showed less ice crystal formation during cryomicroscopic-video-recordings and had IFC viability of 4.5±7.0% (slow) and 6.1±8.8% (fast), respectively, compared to air-dried pollen which lost all viability. Generally, fast-(flash)-drying and increased cooling rates may enable the survival of wheat pollen likely due to (1) a fast rate of intracellular WC loss that reduces deleterious biochemical changes associated with the drying process and (2) a delay and reduction in intracellular ice crystal formation.

The effects of vitrification on oocyte quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Chien Chang ◽  
Daniel B Shapiro ◽  
Zsolt Peter Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Intracellular Ice

Abstract Vitrification, is an ultra-rapid, manual cooling process that produces glass-like (ice crystal free) solidification. Water is prevented from forming intercellular and intracellular ice crystals during cooling as a result of oocyte dehydration and the use of highly concentrated cryoprotectant. Though oocytes can be cryopreserved without ice crystal formation through vitrification, it is still not clear whether the process of vitrification causes any negative impact (temperature change/chilling effect, osmotic stress, cryoprotectant toxicity, and/or phase transitions) on oocyte quality that translate to diminished embryo developmental potential or subsequent clinical outcomes. In this review, we attempt to assess the technique’s potential effects and the consequence of these effects on outcomes.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of Mammalian Oocyte for Conservation of Animal Genetics

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Prentice ◽  
Muhammad Anzar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Damage ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Intracellular Ice ◽  
Shock Solution ◽  
Cryopreservation Method ◽  
Solid Glass

The preservation of the female portion of livestock genetics has become an international priority; however,in situconservation strategies are extremely expensive. Therefore, efforts are increasingly focusing on the development of a reliable cryopreservation method for oocytes, in order to establish ova banks. Slow freezing, a common method for cryopreservation of oocytes, causes osmotic shock (solution effect) and intracellular ice crystallization leading to cell damage. Vitrification is an alternative method for cryopreservation in which cells are exposed to a higher concentration of cryoprotectants and frozen with an ultra rapid freezing velocity, resulting in an ice crystal free, solid glass-like structure. Presently, vitrification is a popular method for cryopreservation of embryos. However, vitrification of oocytes is still challenging due to their complex structure and sensitivity to chilling.

scholarly journals Effect of salinity on sea ice motion

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1563-1570
Author(s):  
Bing-Ru Li ◽  
Min-Min Wang ◽  
Xiu-Yang Lu ◽  
Zhan-Hong Wan ◽  
Song He
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Frazil Ice ◽  
Ice Concentration ◽  
Les Model ◽  
Ice Model

We combined large eddy simulation (LES) with a thermodynamic slab ice model to simulate and study the sea ice motion and frazil ice dynamics in the ocean mixed layer in the Arctic winter. To show the accurate representation of leads in models, fluxes distributed laterally beneath leads and sea ice need to be parameterized. The 3-D LES model, which is developed from a 2-D turbulence model, is used to model the convection of beneath leads and sea ice. The experiments were then achived by combining the LES model with the ice model. The concentration of frazil ice was modeled using the Omstedt and Svensson model. The ice crystal radius and growth rates were assumed to be constant and the temperature and salinity changes with depth were taken into account. Salinity distribution and frazil ice concentration were influenced by ice motion, and variations in ocean salinity during freezing and thawing were also investigated. Entrained flow caused by the movement of sea ice has a significant influence on the eddy. Sea ice roughness is also important in the formation of the eddy current, and the values of the ice crystal rise velocity and the ice concentration source term coefficient influence frazil ice dynamics. The effects of sea ice thermodynamic dissipation on the sea is more remarkable, affecting the heat transfer to the atmosphere. The brine rejected during ice crystal formation and dilution of seawater are other important mechanisms of marine cyclical shocks.

scholarly journals Overview on the Antioxidants, Egg Yolk Alternatives and Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Derivatives Used in Canine Sperm Cryopreservation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1930
Author(s):  
Feriel-Yasmine Mahiddine ◽  
Min-Jung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Sperm Cryopreservation ◽  
Long Term Storage

Sperm cryopreservation is a widely used assisted reproductive technology for canine species. The long-term storage of dog sperm is effective for the breeding of dogs living far apart, scheduling the time of artificial insemination that suits the female, and preventing diseases of the reproductive tract. However, spermatozoa functions are impaired during the freeze–thaw processes, which may decrease reproductive performance. Numerous attempts have been made to restore such impairments, including the use of cryoprotectants to prevent the damage caused by ice crystal formation, and supplementation of antioxidants to reduce reactive oxygen species generation due to osmotic stress during the procedure. Egg yolk derivatives, antioxidants, and, more recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derivatives have been proposed in this research field. This review article will summarize the current literature available on the topic.

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