scholarly journals Identification of Thoroughbred Racehorse Welfare Issues by Industry Stakeholders

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1358
Author(s):  
Glen Mactaggart ◽  
Natalie Waran ◽  
Clive J.C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Common View ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
Focus Group Meeting ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Adaptive Conjoint Analysis

Identifying key welfare issues for thoroughbred racehorses could lead to an improvement in standards. A lack of scientific information on the relative importance of key issues was addressed by soliciting the views of, first, welfare experts in the industry and, second, a broader group of stakeholders, who selected the best welfare options by adaptive conjoint analysis. The experts represented racehorse breeders, veterinarians, trainers, owners, government officials, salespeople, farriers, transporters, and horse re-trainers for post-racing activities. In a focus group meeting, the experts identified fourteen key welfare issues, each with two to four levels that related to common husbandry practices. Then, in an internet survey, 224 stakeholders ranked the issues using adaptive conjoint analysis, in declining importance, as: horsemanship > health and disease > education of the horse > track design and surface > ventilation > stabling > weaning > transport > nutrition > wastage > heat and humidity > whips > environment > gear. Relatively uniform responses to the survey by the different stakeholder groups suggested that there was a common view on what had the biggest impact on welfare. An exception was a greater rating given by women than men to the importance of correct horse nutrition. The rating of importance for welfare of different levels of provision of each issue mostly conformed to the scientific evidence, with the exception of weaning. This understanding of the importance of welfare issues for thoroughbred racehorses could be used to target interventions to the most serious problems.

scholarly journals The nature and origins of political polarization over science

2021 ◽  
pp. 096366252198919
Author(s):  
Roderik Rekker
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Interdisciplinary Framework ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Scientific Facts ◽  
Ideological Identity

People have a tendency to disregard information that contradicts their partisan or ideological identity. This inclination can become especially striking when citizens reject notions that scientists would consider “facts” in the light of overwhelming scientific evidence and consensus. The resulting polarization over science has reached alarming levels in recent years. This theoretical review conceptualizes political polarization over science and argues that it is driven by two interrelated processes. Through psychological science rejection, people can implicitly disregard scientific facts that are inconsistent with their political identity. Alternatively, citizens can engage in ideological science rejection by adhering to a political ideology that explicitly contests science. This contestation can in turn be subdivided into four levels of generalization: An ideology can dispute either specific scientific claims, distinct research fields, science in general, or the entire political system and elite. By proposing this interdisciplinary framework, this article aims to integrate insights from various disciplines.

Coping with a Cluttered Marketplace: Athlete Choice of Products to Support Training*

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna L. Newland ◽  
Laurence Chalip ◽  
John L. Ivy
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Fat Taste ◽  
Postexercise Recovery

To determine whether athletes are confused about supplementation, this study examines the relative levels of adult runners’ and triathletes’ preferences for postexercise recovery drink attributes (price, fat, taste, scientific evidence, and endorsement by a celebrity athlete), and the ways those preferences segment. It then examines the effect of athlete characteristics on segment and drink choice. Only a plurality of athletes (40.6%) chose a carbohydrate-protein postexercise recovery drink (the optimal choice), despite the fact that they valued scientific evidence highly. Athletes disliked or were indifferent to endorsement by a celebrity athlete, moderately disliked fat, and slightly preferred better tasting products. Cluster analysis of part-worths from conjoint analysis identified six market segments, showing that athletes anchored on one or two product attributes when choosing among alternatives. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that media influence, hours trained, market segment, gender, and the athlete’s sport significantly predicted drink choice, and that segment partially mediated the effect of sport on drink choice. Findings demonstrate confusion among athletes when there are competing products that each claim to support their training.

Farmacogenetische tests in de Belgische zorg: (hoe) beginnen we eraan?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. DE PAUW ◽  
W. MARTINET ◽  
D. THEUNS ◽  
K. VANDEVEN ◽  
H. DE LOOF
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Pharmacogenetic Testing ◽  
Average Patient ◽  
Current List ◽  
A Current

Pharmacogenetic tests in Belgian care: (how) do we get started? Personalized medicine attempts to take all the information about an individual into account, and this also includes characteristics that differ from the presumed ‘average patient’. This approach includes pharmacogenetics, where the influence of genetic variation in various biomolecules on drug response is studied. By performing preemptive pharmacogenetic testing, drug therapies can be optimized, and serious side effects can be avoided. In order to implement pharmacogenetic testing in practice, some hurdles still need to be overcome. For example, scientific information needs to be translated into practical clinical guidelines that are applicable in the local context and reimbursement issues also need to be resolved. In this paper, a current list of gene-drug interactions is presented that could be prioritized during the implementation process in Belgium. The list only contains clinically relevant interactions for which there is sufficient scientific evidence. In addition, a tool is described that takes into account the drug consumption in a specific healthcare environment, to prioritize the most interesting gene-drug interactions. International implementation initiatives show that the obstacles are surmountable. It is therefore time to start a dialogue on accelerating the implementation of pharmacogenetic testing in Belgium. We hope that this prioritized list, together with a discussion of some hurdles that need to be overcome, can inform this debate.

Some reasons why evidence from educational research is not particularly popular among (pre-service) teachers: A discussion

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
Frank Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Teacher Education ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. This discussion first highlights novel aspects that the individual articles contribute to the special issue on (future) teachers' choice, use, and evaluation of (non-)scientific information sources about educational topics. Among these highlights are the conceptualizations of epistemic goals and the type of pedagogical task as moderators of the selection and use of scientific evidence. The second part raises overarching questions, including the following: How inclusive do we want the concept of evidence to be? How should teachers use research evidence in their pedagogical problem-solving and decision-making? To what extent is multidisciplinary teacher education contributing to epistemological confusion, possibly leading to (pre-service) teachers' low appreciation of educational research?

scholarly journals Clinical Decision-Making for Thrombolysis of Acute Minor Stroke Using Adaptive Conjoint Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ava L. Liberman ◽  
Daniel Pinto ◽  
Sara K. Rostanski ◽  
Daniel L. Labovitz ◽  
Andrew M. Naidech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Minor Stroke ◽  
Adaptive Conjoint Analysis

scholarly journals The changing context of public health in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M McKee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Changing Demographics

Abstract From a public health perspective there is much to celebrate. Europe enters the third decade of the 21st century with a population that has never been healthier. Advances in knowledge, from basic sciences to public health, have transformed our ability to tackle the diseases that afflict our populations. It would be easy to become complacent. Yet, at the same time, our world is transforming rapidly and profoundly. Changing demographics, globalization, technological developments, climate change, shifting public opinions on the value of scientific evidence, a political arena that increasingly seems to focus on highlighting differences rather than looking for common ground: all these trends result in massive and complex societal challenges, which will place great strain on our public health and health care services. In addition, deep and persistent health inequalities within and between countries continue to demand action. New threats (e.g. fake news) are surfacing, old threats (e.g. measles and TB) are coming back and EUPHA and its members need to adapt. This presentation will survey the changing public health landscape in Europe and globally, highlighting key issues for EUPHA to address.

De-novo Assembly of RaTG13 Genome Reveals Inconsistencies Further Obscuring SARS-CoV-2 Origins

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit Singla ◽  
Saad Ahmad ◽  
Chandan Gupta ◽  
Tavpritesh Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
De Novo Assembly ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Level Of Details ◽  
Genome Homology ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Bat Coronavirus

An intense scientific debate is ongoing as to the origin of SARS-CoV-2. An oft-cited piece of information in this debate is the genome sequence of a bat coronavirus strain referred to as RaTG13 1 mentioned in a recent Nature paper 2 showing 96.2% genome homology with SARS-CoV-2. This is discussed as a fossil record of a strain whose current existence is unknown. The said strain is conjectured by many to have been part of the ancestral pool from which SARS-CoV-2 may have evolved 7, 8, 9. Multiple groups have been discussing the features of the genome sequence of the said strain. In this paper, we report that the currently specified level of details are grossly insufficient to draw inferences about the origin of SARS-CoV-2. De-novo assembly, KRONA analysis for metagenomic and re-examining data quality highlights the key issues with the RaTG13 genome and the need for a dispassionate review of this data. This work is a call to action for the scientific community to better collate scientific evidence about the origins of SARS-CoV-2 so that future incidence of such pandemics may be effectively mitigated.

Consumer Preferences for Sustainable Wine Attributes: A Conjoint Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Kelley ◽  
Jennifer Zelinskie ◽  
Michela Centinari ◽  
Denise M. Gardner ◽  
Ramu Govindasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Base Price ◽  
Bunch Rot

AbstractMid-Atlantic wine consumers participated in an Internet survey to determine which of three attributes (retail base prices, Botrytis cinerea [bunch rot] control measure, or weed-control strategy) and attribute levels (e.g., a retail base price of $12, $16, $22, or $26) were the most important factors in their decisions to purchase 750mL glass bottles of wine. Conjoint analysis was used to calculate average importance for the three attributes. Based on these calculations, the base retail price attribute had the greatest impact on participants’ decision to purchase the wine (57.40%), followed by bunch rot control measure (20.76%) and weed control strategy (21.49%). Participants were also asked to indicate how interested (not at all interested to extremely interested) they were in purchasing wines produced from grapes grown using minimal pesticides or with cover crops to control weeds. Separate conjoint analyses were then performed based on participants’ level of interest in the two sustainable production methods. In both instances, the average importance values for retail base price were still higher than the values for either bunch rot or weed control strategies. Average importance values for price were lower for participants who responded that they were “very” or “extremely interested” in purchasing wine produced with minimal pesticides or with cover crops than for participants who were “not all interested” in purchasing such wines. (JEL Classifications: Q18, Q11, M31)

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