scholarly journals Effects of Flavonoids Extracted from Citrus aurantium on Performance, Behavior, and Rumen Gene Expression in Holstein Bulls Fed with High-Concentrate Diets in Pellet Form

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1387
Author(s):  
Montserrat Paniagua ◽  
Francisco Javier Crespo ◽  
Anna Arís ◽  
Maria Devant
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Ruminal Epithelium ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Pellet Form

Flavonoid supplementation may modify the behavior and rumen inflammatory response of fattening bulls, and this could be related to the concentrate presentation (mash or pellet) form. In the present study, 150 Holstein bulls (183.0 ± 7.53 kg BW and 137 ± 1.8 d of age) were randomly allocated to one of eight pens and assigned to control (C) or (BF) (Citrus aurantium, Bioflavex CA, HealthTech Bio Actives, Spain, 0.4 kg per ton of concentrate of Bioflavex CA, 20% naringin). Concentrate (pellet) intake was recorded daily, and BW and animal behavior fortnightly. Animals were slaughtered after 168 d of study, and ruminal epithelium samples were collected for gene expression analyses. Treatment did not affect animal performance; however, BF supplementation reduced agonistic interactions and oral non-nutritive behaviors and increased the time devoted to eating concentrate and ruminating activity (p < 0.05). The gene expression of some genes in the rumen epithelium was greater or tended to be greater in BF than C bulls (bitter taste receptor 16, cytokine IL-25, β-defensin; p < 0.10; pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha; p < 0.05). In conclusion, flavonoid supplementation modifies the expression of genes in the rumen epithelium that could be related to inflammation and animal behavior modulation.

scholarly journals 417 Citrus aurantium flavonoid extract modifies the gene expression in the rumen of genes related to inflammation and behavior in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 168-168
Author(s):  
Montserrat Paniagua ◽  
Javier F Crespo ◽  
Anna Aris ◽  
Maria Devant
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Cholecystokinin Receptor ◽  
Serotonin Secretion ◽  
Citrus Flavonoids ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Three Space

Abstract One hundred forty-four bulls (164.8 ± 5.91 kg BW and 135 ± 7.2 d of age) were randomly allocated to one of 8 pens and assigned to control (C) or Citrus aurantium (BF, 0.4 kg of Bioflavex® CA per ton of concentrate). Each pen had one drinker, one separate straw feeder, and one three-space feeder where mash concentrate rich in corn, barley, DDG and wheat was offered. Concentrate intake was recorded daily, and BW and animal behavior by visual scan fortnightly. Animals were slaughtered after 168 d of study (12 periods of 14 d), HCW and carcass quality were recorded. Rumen wall samples were collected from 18 animals per treatment to analyze the expression of 15 genes associated with inflammation and behavior. Data were analyzed with ANOVA. In the rumen, the expression of free fatty acid receptor 2 (stimulates PPY and serotonin secretion), pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1 (acts asNPY and PYY receptor), cholecystokinin receptor 4 (is a CCK and gastrin receptor), Toll-like receptor-4 (pattern recognition receptor), IL-25 (proinflammatory cytokine) and β-defensin1 (antimicrobial peptide) were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in C compared with BF bulls (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the expression of all bitter taste receptors (TAS2R, member 7, 16, 38 and 39) which are related with eating modulation and immune function were lesser (P &lt; 0.05) expressed in BF compared with C bulls (P &lt; 0.05). The supplementation with citrus flavonoids in these bulls fed high-concentrate diets tended (P &lt; 0.10) to improve concentrate efficiency, reduced oral non-nutritive behaviors, agonistic interactions and sexual behaviors. The reduction on TAS2R expression is indicative of an inhibition of bitter taste receptor function by BF and the expression increase in the other genes could explain the changes observed on animal behavior within the gut-brain axis paradigm.

scholarly journals Impact of Environmental Stressors on Gene Expression in the Embryo of the Italian Wall Lizard

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4723
Author(s):  
Rosaria Scudiero ◽  
Chiara Maria Motta ◽  
Palma Simoniello
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Translational Regulation ◽  
Cellular Protection ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrate ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Probable Consequence ◽  
The Impact

The cleidoic eggs of oviparous reptiles are protected from the external environment by membranes and a parchment shell permeable to water and dissolved molecules. As a consequence, not only physical but also chemical insults can reach the developing embryos, interfering with gene expression. This review provides information on the impact of the exposure to cadmium contamination or thermal stress on gene expression during the development of Italian wall lizards of the genus Podarcis. The results obtained by transcriptomic analysis, although not exhaustive, allowed to identify some stress-reactive genes and, consequently, the molecular pathways in which these genes are involved. Cadmium-responsive genes encode proteins involved in cellular protection, metabolism and proliferation, membrane trafficking, protein interactions, neuronal transmission and plasticity, immune response, and transcription regulatory factors. Cold stress changes the expression of genes involved in transcriptional/translational regulation and chromatin remodeling and inhibits the transcription of a histone methyltransferase with the probable consequence of modifying the epigenetic control of DNA. These findings provide transcriptome-level evidence of how terrestrial vertebrate embryos cope with stress, giving a key to use in population survival and environmental change studies. A better understanding of the genes contributing to stress tolerance in vertebrates would facilitate methodologies and applications aimed at improving resistance to unfavourable environments.

scholarly journals Transversal gene expression panel to evaluate intestinal health in broiler chickens in different challenging conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Criado-Mesas ◽  
N. Abdelli ◽  
A. Noce ◽  
M. Farré ◽  
J. F. Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Barrier Failure ◽  
Expression Of Genes

AbstractThere is a high interest on gut health in poultry with special focus on consequences of the intestinal diseases, such as coccidiosis and C. perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis (NE). We developed a custom gene expression panel, which could provide a snapshot of gene expression variation under challenging conditions. Ileum gene expression studies were performed through high throughput reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A deep review on the bibliography was done and genes related to intestinal health were selected for barrier function, immune response, oxidation, digestive hormones, nutrient transport, and metabolism. The panel was firstly tested by using a nutritional/Clostridium perfringens model of intestinal barrier failure (induced using commercial reused litter and wheat-based diets without exogenous supplementation of enzymes) and the consistency of results was evaluated by another experiment under a coccidiosis challenge (orally gavaged with a commercial coccidiosis vaccine, 90× vaccine dose). Growth traits and intestinal morphological analysis were performed to check the gut barrier failure occurrence. Results of ileum gene expression showed a higher expression in genes involved in barrier function and nutrient transport in chickens raised in healthy conditions, while genes involved in immune response presented higher expression in C.perfringens-challenged birds. On the other hand, the Eimeria challenge also altered the expression of genes related to barrier function and metabolism, and increased the expression of genes related to immune response and oxidative stress. The panel developed in the current study gives us an overview of genes and pathways involved in broiler response to pathogen challenge. It also allows us to deep into the study of differences in gene expression pattern and magnitude of responses under either a coccidial vaccine or a NE.

scholarly journals Selection of reference genes for gene expression analysis in Liriodendron hybrids’ somatic embryogenesis and germinative tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Li ◽  
Weigao Yuan ◽  
Shuai Qiu ◽  
Jisen Shi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Gene Selection ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Suitable Reference ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

AbstractThe differential expression of genes is crucial for plant somatic embryogenesis (SE), and the accurate quantification of gene expression levels relies on choosing appropriate reference genes. To select the most suitable reference genes for SE studies, 10 commonly used reference genes were examined in synchronized somatic embryogenic and subsequent germinative cultures of Liriodendron hybrids by using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR. Four popular normalization algorithms: geNorm, NormFinder, Bestkeeper and Delta-Ct were used to select and validate the suitable reference genes. The results showed that elongation factor 1-gamma, histone H1 linker protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and α-tubulin were suitable for SE tissues, while elongation factor 1-gamma and actin were best for the germinative organ tissues. Our work will benefit future studies of gene expression and functional analyses of SE in Liriodendron hybrids. It is also serves as a guide of reference gene selection in early embryonic gene expression analyses for other woody plant species.

Controllability of Boolean networks with intermittent disturbances

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (28) ◽  
pp. 2050309
Author(s):  
Tao You ◽  
Hailun Zhang ◽  
Mingyu Yang ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Yangming Guo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Boolean Network ◽  
Boolean Networks ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Intermittent Control ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Pulse Control ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Complicated Process ◽  
Living Being

In biological systems, gene expression is an important subject. In order to clarify the specific process of gene expression, mathematical tools are needed to simulate the process. The Boolean network (BN) is a good mathematical tool. In this paper, we study a Boolean network with intermittent perturbations. This is of great significance for studying genetic mutations in bioengineering. The expression of genes in the internal system of a living being is a very complicated process, and it is clear that the process is trans-ageal for humans. Through the intermittent control and pulse control of the BN, we can obtain the trajectory of gene expression better and faster, which will provide a very important theoretical basis for our next research.

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