scholarly journals Solid State Fermentation as a Tool to Stabilize and Improve Nutritive Value of Fruit and Vegetable Discards: Effect on Nutritional Composition, In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Organic Matter Digestibility

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1653
Author(s):  
Jone Ibarruri ◽  
Idoia Goiri ◽  
Marta Cebrián ◽  
Aser García-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

This research aimed to evaluate in vitro organic matter digestibility, fermentation characteristics and methane production of fruit and vegetable discards processed by solid state fermentation (SSF) by Rhizopus sp. Mixtures were composed of approximately 28% citric fruits, 35% other fruits and 37% vegetables. Fruit and vegetables were processed and fermented to obtain a stabilized product. Nutritional characterization and in vitro ruminal fermentation tests were performed to determine the effect of fungal bioconversion on digestibility, end products and gas production kinetics. Results indicate that SSF reduced organic matter and reducing sugars, while it increased crude protein and neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent insoluble protein. The in vitro gas production showed that SSF led to a reduction of the organic matter digestibility (p < 0.001), short chain fatty acids (SCFA; p = 0.003) and CH4 (p = 0.002). SSF reduced the gas production from the insoluble fraction (p = 0.001), without modifying the production rate (p = 0.676) or the lag time (p = 0.574). Regarding SCFA profile, SSF increased acetic (p = 0.020) and decreased propionic (p = 0.004) and butyric (p = 0.006) acids proportions, increasing acetic to propionic (p = 0.008) and acetic plus butyric to propionic (p = 0.011) ratios. SSF succeeded in obtaining a stabilized material enriched in protein, but at the expense of a reduction of protein availability and organic matter digestibility. These changes should be considered before including them in a ruminant’s rations.

scholarly journals Nutritional Quality and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of Silage Prepared with Lucerne, Sweet Maize Stalk, and Their Mixtures

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Musen Wang ◽  
Fujin Zhang ◽  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
Ying Yun ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The objective of this work was to evaluate the pH, chemical composition, minerals, vitamins, and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of silage prepared with lucerne, sweet maize stalk (MS), and their mixtures. Freshly chopped lucerne and MS were combined in ratios of 100:0 (M0, control), 80:20 (M20), 60:40 (M40), 40:60 (M60), 20:80 (M80), and 0:100 (M100) on a fresh matter basis. Each treatment was prepared in triplicate, and a total of eighteen silos were fermented for 65 days. After 65 days of fermentation, the pH values in M0, M20, M40, M60, M80, and M100 silages were 5.47, 4.84, 4.23, 4.13, 3.79, and 3.61, respectively. As the MS proportion in the mixtures increased, silage K, Ca, P, Na, Fe, and Cu concentrations linearly decreased (p < 0.001) and so did vitamins B5 and K1 and α-tocopherol. In vitro rumen dry matter and organic matter degradability, pH, ammonia, total volatile fatty acid, and gas production linearly decreased (p < 0.01), while neutral detergent fiber concentration linearly increased (p < 0.001), with increasing proportion of MS. The in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability rapidly decreased when the MS percentage was ≥60%. In conclusion, the M40 silage is the most suitable for livestock utilization in local forage production considering the balance of silage pH, nutritional quality, and in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics.

scholarly journals Assessing the nutritive value of waterweeds to livestock production via in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
D. A. Ekunseitan ◽  
A. O. Yusuf ◽  
O. E. Odesanmi ◽  
M. A. Ogun ◽  
T. O. Bawala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

The predominant increase in the price of feedstuffs and the consistent shift in climate have increased the cost of producing animal protein and an attendant increase in the search of available and valuable plant options in combating this problem. The study aimed to evaluate the nutritive value of ten identified water weeds (Polygonum lanigerum, Nymphaea lotus, Paspalum scrobiculatum, Ascroceras zizanioides, Ipomea aquatica, Panicum sulbabidum, Sacciolepis africana, Leersia hexandra, Heteranthera callifolia and Dicksonia antartica) via in vitro digestibility studies. The gas production was measured by incubating samples in buffered ruminal fluid from goats for 96hr. Cumulative gas production was recorded at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 66, 72, 84 and 96 hour of incubation periods and the organic matter digestibility (OMD), short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and metabolizable energy (ME) were also estimated. Results indicated that the total gas production varied significantly (P<0.05) at 24 and 48 hours incubation. Gas production ranged between 4.67 ml and 14.00 ml with least and highest obtained in Sacciolepis Africana and Ipomea aquatic, respectively. The Metabolizable energy (MJ/KgDM) recorded in all weeds differed (P<0.05) in all hours of incubation. Paspalum scrobiculatum and Dicksonia antartica recorded the least value at 24 and 48 hours incubation while Nymphaea lotus and Dicksonia antartica had the least value at 72 and 96 hours incubation. Heteranthera callifolia had the highest organic matter digestibility (%) while the least short chain fatty acid (μmol) was observed in Dicksonia antartica at 24, 48 and 96 hours incubation. Based on the results of this study, these plants had the potentials of being fed to livestock especially during the dry season when forage feeds are generally scarce.

In vitro degradation and methane production of short-season corn hybrids harvested before or after a light frost

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-753
Author(s):  
I.A. Aboagye ◽  
V.S. Baron ◽  
M. Oba ◽  
J. Guyader ◽  
K.A. Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Silage Production

In western Canada, short-season corn silage production is increasing due to its potentially high nutritive value. The objective of this study was to determine variability and relationships among nutrient concentration, degradability, and methane (CH4) production of short-season whole-plant corn hybrids harvested before or after light frost (−1.5 °C). Four hybrids, based on their corn heat unit rating (≤2600, CHU rating), were grown in 2 yr in central and southern Alberta (AB) with two field replications. The batch culture and Daisy fermenter techniques were used to characterize degradability and gas production measurements. At both locations, dry matter (DM) concentration was affected by harvest and hybrid (P ≤ 0.02). However, starch and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations differed (P ≤ 0.01) or tended (P = 0.07) to differ among harvest and hybrid only in central AB. Over both locations and harvest times, CH4production was related negatively to propionate and positively to acetate proportions. In conclusion, harvesting southern AB hybrids after frost increased DM concentration and NDF degradability with no effect on CH4emissions, but the high DM concentration may negatively affect silage quality and animal performance. Harvesting central AB hybrids after frost increased DM and starch concentrations, while reducing CH4emissions but had limited effects on nutrient degradability.

scholarly journals Pengaruh penambahan Aspergillus niger Iradiasi Sinar Gamma Dosis Rendah pada Jerami Padi Fermentasi dan Evaluasi Kualitasnya sebagai Pakan Ternak Ruminansia Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crhisterra E. Kusumaningrum ◽  
Arthalia Poetri Yunisa ◽  
Nana Mulyana ◽  
Suharyono Suharyono
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber

Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Aspergillus niger iradiasi sinar gamma dosis rendah pada jerami padi fermentasi dan potensinya sebagai pakan ternak ruminansia secara in vitro. Proses fermentasi dilakukan dengan teknik Solid State Fermentation (SSF) menggunakan A. niger yang diiradiasi sinar gamma dosis rendah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan memecah ikatan selulosa. Orientasi dosis iradiasi sinar gamma sebesar 0, 125, 250, 375, 500, 625 dan 750 Gy dilakukan pada A. niger untuk mengetahui kondisi yang optimum dalam menghasilkan aktivitas enzim selulase. A. niger iradiasi sinar gamma pada dosis yang optimum digunakan untuk pembuatan jerami padi fermentasi dan dilakukan evaluasi kemampuan jerami padi fermentasi sebagai pakan ternak ruminansia secara in vitro. Perlakuan jerami padi fermentasi yaitu P0. Jerami Padi, P1. Jerami padi fermentasi A. niger 0 Gy dan P2. Jerami padi fermentasi A. niger 500 Gy. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dosis optimum iradiasi sinar gamma pada A. niger dalam menghasilkan enzim selulase (3,24 U/ml) adalah 500 Gy. Pada jerami padi fermentasi A. niger 500 Gy menunjukkan aktivitas enzim selulase tertinggi yaitu sebesar 48,5384 U/g bahan kering (BK) dan kadar glukosa sebesar 247,33 mg/g BK pada hari ke-14. Proses fermentasi dengan A. niger iradiasi sinar gamma (500 Gy) mampu meningkatkan kandungan proein kasar, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) dan bahan kering, namun menurunkan kandungan lemak kasar dan bahan organik (BO). Hasil fermentasi dalam cairan rumen dari jerami padi fermentasi dengan dengan A. niger iradiasi sinar gamma (500 Gy) menunjukkan nilai pH sebesar 7,01; konsentrasi ammonia dan volatile fatty acid (VFA) masing-masing sebesar 3,92% dan 4,73 mmol/100.

scholarly journals Animal performance and nutritional characteristics of Piatã-grass in integrated systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1027-1033
Author(s):  
D.C. Martins ◽  
S.D.J. Villela ◽  
R.G. Almeida ◽  
S.A.C. Araújo ◽  
L.D. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate animal performance and nutritional characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã in two integrated systems, during the summer and winter, five years after the initial establishment of the area. The randomized block experimental design was adopted with treatments consisting of a control (five native trees per hectare) and an integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) system with 227 eucalyptus trees per hectare. Animal performance, canopy height, soil cover, forage mass (leaf, stem and senescent material), and forage nutritive value were evaluated. Differences between systems were observed in forage mass (total, leaf, stem and senescent material), soil cover and forage nutritive value in both seasons. Shading conditions provided by eucalyptus in the ICLF system lead to a reduction in forage mass and neutral detergent fiber content, and to an increase in crude protein and in vitro organic matter digestibility. However, no effect on animal performance was obtained. The presence of trees improves the forage nutritive value without impacting animal performance in integrated systems.

scholarly journals In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Degradability of Rice Husk on Rice Bran Substitution

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Rusli Fidriyanto ◽  
Roni Ridwan ◽  
Wulansih Dwi Astuti ◽  
Rohmatussolihat Rohmatussolihat ◽  
Nurul Fitri Sari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

Rice bran is a by-product of the rice milling process and has been well used as livestock feed. Rice bran is often adulterated with rice husk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of rice bran with various compositions of rice husk and assess the relationship between rice husk addition and rice bran quality. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with rice husk addition as a factor and three replications. Data of proximate value, gas production, ruminal degradability, and volatile fatty acid production were analyzed by analysis of variance. Moreover, significant effects of each treatment in the in vitro fermentation were further analyzed by Duncan's multiple range test (P<0.05). It was shown that the addition of rice husk to rice bran could increase acetic acid level, but it reduced potential gas production, gas production rate, organic matter and dry matter digestibility, and propionic acid level. Interestingly, the linear regression of dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, and potential gas production showed the high adjusted R2 values. Moreover, this study also revealed that 10% of rice husk substitution on rice bran could significantly reduce the dry matter digestibility.

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