scholarly journals Chicken Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Applications: A Mini Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1883
Author(s):  
Andrea Svoradova ◽  
Vladimir Zmrhal ◽  
Eva Venusova ◽  
Petr Slama
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Pathogenic Potential

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that adhere to plastic; express the specific markers CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105; and produce cytokines and growth factors supporting and regulating hematopoiesis. MSCs have capacity for differentiating into osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myocytes. They are useful for research toward better understanding the pathogenic potential of the infectious bursal disease virus, mineralization during osteogenesis, and interactions between MSCs as a feeder layer to other cells. MSCs are also important for immunomodulatory cell therapy, can provide a suitable strategy model for coculture with pathogens causing dermatitis disorders in chickens, can be cultured in vitro with probiotics and prebiotics with a view to eliminate the feeding of antibiotic growth promoters, and offer cell-based meat production. Moreover, bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) in coculture with hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells (HPCs/HSCs) can support expansion and regulation of the hematopoiesis process using the 3D-culture system in future research in chickens. MSCs’ several advantages, including ready availability, strong proliferation, and immune modulatory properties make them a suitable model in the field of stem cell research. This review summarizes current knowledge about the general characterization of MSCs and their application in chicken as a model organism.

scholarly journals Comparison of Immunosuppressive and Angiogenic Properties of Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells between 2D and 3D Culture Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitale Miceli ◽  
Mariangela Pampalone ◽  
Serena Vella ◽  
Anna Paola Carreca ◽  
Giandomenico Amico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Paracrine Factors ◽  
Human Amnion ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
3D Culture System

The secretion of potential therapeutic factors by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has aroused much interest given the benefits that it can bring in the field of regenerative medicine. Indeed, the in vitro multipotency of these cells and the secretive capacity of both angiogenic and immunomodulatory factors suggest a role in tissue repair and regeneration. However, during culture, MSCs rapidly lose the expression of key transcription factors associated with multipotency and self-renewal, as well as the ability to produce functional paracrine factors. In our study, we show that a three-dimensional (3D) culture method is effective to induce MSC spheroid formation, to maintain the multipotency and to improve the paracrine activity of a specific population of human amnion-derived MSCs (hAMSCs). The regenerative potential of both 3D culture-derived conditioned medium (3D CM) and their exosomes (EXO) was assessed against 2D culture products. In particular, tubulogenesis assays revealed increased capillary maturation in the presence of 3D CM compared with both 2D CM and 2D EXO. Furthermore, 3D CM had a greater effect on inhibition of PBMC proliferation than both 2D CM and 2D EXO. To support this data, hAMSC spheroids kept in our 3D culture system remained viable and multipotent and secreted considerable amounts of both angiogenic and immunosuppressive factors, which were detected at lower levels in 2D cultures. This work reveals the placenta as an important source of MSCs that can be used for eventual clinical applications as cell-free therapies.

scholarly journals A Review of Periodontal Ligament-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Being Used to Regenerate the Periodontal Ligament and Periodontium

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie J. Anderson ◽  
Vincent S. Gallicchio
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Surgical Treatments ◽  
Pocket Formation

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease of the tissues making up the periodontium that consists of alveolar bone resorption, recession of the gingiva, as well as damage to the periodontal ligament and cementum caused by accumulation of bacteria in the oral cavity. The method of treatment is dependent upon the depth of pocket formation and stage of disease advancement. When pockets are at a depth between 4 and 5 mm, nonsurgical treatments such as scaling, root planning, and antibiotics are used to treat. Surgical methods are used, however, when pockets are deeper than 5 mm. Both nonsurgical and surgical treatments currently used have limited capabilities to regenerate parts of the periodontium. The discovery of periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their ability to generate cementoblasts, osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondroblasts, and fibroblasts in vitro that all contribute to the formation of the periodontium. This paper discusses the aims of current and future research on periodontal ligament stem cells and their potential to regenerate the periodontal ligament, as well as the entire periodontium.

Influence of Chondrocyte Zone on Co-Cultures With Mesenchymal Stem Cells in HA Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minwook Kim ◽  
Jason A. Burdick ◽  
Robert L. Mauck
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Articular Chondrocytes ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cell Type

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell type for cartilage tissue engineering in that they can undergo chondrogenesis in a variety of 3D contexts [1]. Focused efforts in MSC-based cartilage tissue engineering have recently culminated in the formation of biologic materials possessing biochemical and functional mechanical properties that match that of the native tissue [2]. These approaches generally involve the continuous or intermittent application of pro-chondrogenic growth factors during in vitro culture. For example, in one recent study, we showed robust construct maturation in MSC-seeded hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels transiently exposed to high levels of TGF-β3 [3]. Despite the promise of this approach, MSCs are a multipotent cell type and retain a predilection towards hypertrophic phenotypic conversion (i.e., bone formation) when removed from a pro-chondrogenic environment (e.g., in vivo implantation). Indeed, even in a chondrogenic environment, many MSC-based cultures express pre-hypertrophic markers, including type X collagen, MMP13, and alkaline phosphatase [4]. To address this issue, recent studies have investigated co-culture of human articular chondrocytes and MSCs in both pellet and hydrogel environments. Chondrocytes appear to enhance the initial efficiency of MSC chondrogenic conversion, as well as limit hypertrophic changes in some instances (potentially via secretion of PTHrP and/or other factors) [5–7]. While these findings are intriguing, articular cartilage has a unique depth-dependent morphology including zonal differences in chondrocyte identity. Ng et al. showed that zonal chondrocytes seeded in a bi-layered agarose hydrogel construct can recreate depth-dependent cellular and mechanical heterogeneity, suggesting that these identities are retained with transfer to 3D culture systems [8]. Further, Cheng et al. showed that differences in matrix accumulation and hypertrophy in zonal chondrocytes was controlled by bone morphogenic protein [9]. To determine whether differences in zonal chondrocyte identity influences MSC fate decisions, we evaluated functional properties and phenotypic stability in photocrosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels using distinct, zonal chondrocyte cell fractions co-cultured with bone marrow derived MSCs.

scholarly journals Immunoregulation by Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta E. Castro-Manrreza ◽  
Juan J. Montesinos
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Response Regulators ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
Multipotent Cells ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Biological Aspects

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells capable of differentiation into mesenchymal lineages and that can be isolated from various tissues and easily cultivatedin vitro. Currently, MSCs are of considerable interest because of the biological characteristics that confer high potential applicability in the clinical treatment of many diseases. Specifically, because of their high immunoregulatory capacity, MSCs are used as tools in cellular therapies for clinical protocols involving immune system alterations. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the capacity of MSCs for the immunoregulation of immunocompetent cells and emphasize the effects of MSCs on T cells, principal effectors of the immune response, and the immunosuppressive effects mediated by the secretion of soluble factors and membrane molecules. We also describe the mechanisms of MSC immunoregulatory modulation and the participation of MSCs as immune response regulators in several autoimmune diseases, and we emphasize the clinical application in graft versus host disease (GVHD).

scholarly journals Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Enhance Angiogenic Capacity via MMPsIn VitroandIn Vivo

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Jiang ◽  
Jie Ma ◽  
Yi Liang ◽  
Yuming Niu ◽  
Ning Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Vascular Networks ◽  
Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
3D Culture Model

The aim of this study was to evaluate the angiogenic capacity and proteolytic mechanism of coculture using human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)in vivoandin vitroby comparing to those of coculture using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with HUVEC. For thein vivoexperiment, cells (HUVEC-monoculture, HUVEC-hAMSC coculture, and HUVEC-BMMSC coculture) were seeded in fibrin gels and injected subcutaneously in nude mice. The samples were collected on days 7 and 14 and histologically analyzed by H&E and CD31 staining. CD31-positive staining percentage and vessel-like structure (VLS) density were evaluated as quantitative parameters for angiogenesis. The increases of CD31-positive staining area and VLS density in both HUVEC-hAMSC group and HUVEC-BMMSC group were found between two time points, while obvious decline of those was observed in HUVEC-only group. For thein vitroexperiment, we utilized the same 3D culture model to investigate the proteolytic mechanism related to capillary formation. Intensive vascular networks formed by HUVECs were associated with hAMSCs or BMMSCs and related to MMP2 and MMP9. In conclusion, hAMSCs shared similar capacity and proteolytic mechanism with BMMSCs on neovascularization.

Chondrogenic Ability of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Alginate and Collagen Sponge

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 1935-1938
Author(s):  
Jiang Wu ◽  
Guang Hui Wang ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Yu Ping Wu ◽  
Yang Cheng Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Collagen Sponge ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

In the present study, we have demonstrated that alginate and collagen sponge can act as scaffolds in order to support 3-dimensional structure for the differentiated bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) during chondrogenesis in vitro and in vivo. The chondrogenic induced BMSCs were well distributed and differentiation in scaffolds system before implantation, then they produced sufficient ECM in the implants to form chondroid aggregates in vivo. In our opinion, well-differentiated BMSCs is a crucial feature of cartilage repair and only can be achieved in scaffold matrix. Furthermore, when dealing with cartilage defects, alginate seem to be superior to collagen sponge, and the combinational strategy of pre-induced BMSCs combined with alginate 3D-culture might be useful in improving conventional autologous cells transplantation or free-cells scaffolds.

scholarly journals Current Strategies to Generate Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Steens ◽  
Diana Klein
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Human Mscs ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Organism ◽  
Almost All

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are heterogeneous multipotent stem cells that are involved in the development of mesenchyme-derived evolving structures and organs during ontogeny. In the adult organism, reservoirs of MSCs can be found in almost all tissues where MSCs contribute to the maintenance of organ integrity. The use of these different MSCs for cell-based therapies has been extensively studied over the past years, which highlights the use of MSCs as a promising option for the treatment of various diseases including autoimmune and cardiovascular disorders. However, the proportion of MSCs contained in primary isolates of adult tissue biopsies is rather low and, thus, vigorous ex vivo expansion is needed especially for therapies that may require extensive and repetitive cell substitution. Therefore, more easily and accessible sources of MSCs are needed. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the different strategies to generate human MSCs in vitro as an alternative method for their applications in regenerative therapy.

scholarly journals Hijacking the Cellular Mail: Exosome Mediated Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghuvaran Narayanan ◽  
Chun-Chieh Huang ◽  
Sriram Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Type I ◽  
Specific Differentiation

Bone transplantation is one of the most widely performed clinical procedures. Consequently, bone regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells and tissue engineering strategies is one of the most widely researched fields in regenerative medicine. Recent scientific consensus indicates that a biomimetic approach is required to achieve proper regeneration of any tissue. Exosomes are nanovesicles secreted by cells that act as messengers that influence cell fate. Although exosomal function has been studied with respect to cancer and immunology, the role of exosomes as inducers of stem cell differentiation has not been explored. We hypothesized that exosomes can be used as biomimetic tools for regenerative medicine. In this study we have explored the use of cell-generated exosomes as tools to induce lineage specific differentiation of stem cells. Our results indicate that proosteogenic exosomes isolated from cell cultures can induce lineage specific differentiation of naïve MSCsin vitroandin vivo. Additionally, exosomes can also bind to matrix proteins such as type I collagen and fibronectin enabling them to be tethered to biomaterials. Overall, the results from this study show the potential of cell derived exosomes in bone regenerative medicine and opens up new avenues for future research.

scholarly journals The Impact of Simulated and Real Microgravity on Bone Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Ulbrich ◽  
Markus Wehland ◽  
Jessica Pietsch ◽  
Ganna Aleshcheva ◽  
Petra Wise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
3D Structures ◽  
The Impact

How microgravity affects the biology of human cells and the formation of 3D cell cultures in real and simulated microgravity (r- and s-µg) is currently a hot topic in biomedicine. In r- and s-µg, various cell types were found to form 3D structures. This review will focus on the current knowledge of tissue engineering in space and on Earth using systems such as the random positioning machine (RPM), the 2D-clinostat, or the NASA-developed rotating wall vessel bioreactor (RWV) to create tissue from bone, tumor, and mesenchymal stem cells. To understand the development of 3D structures,in vitroexperiments using s-µgdevices can provide valuable information about modulations in signal-transduction, cell adhesion, or extracellular matrix induced by altered gravity conditions. These systems also facilitate the analysis of the impact of growth factors, hormones, or drugs on these tissue-like constructs. Progress has been made in bone tissue engineering using the RWV, and multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS), formed in both r- and s-µg, have been reported and were analyzed in depth. Currently, these MCTS are available for drug testing and proteomic investigations. This review provides an overview of the influence ofµgon the aforementioned cells and an outlook for future perspectives in tissue engineering.

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