Unconventional treatments

There are no quick and easy ways of overcoming ADHD; more importantly, there are no outright cures. Many misguided or dishonest individuals promote all manner of alternative ‘treatments’ for ADHD. The media often play an active role in irresponsibly promoting discredited treatments. If you plan to start any treatment, first be certain that you understand the risks involved. You should obtain reliable information from your child’s doctor before becoming involved in any treatment. This chapter explores unconventional treatments for ADHD, including the evaluation of alternative treatments, the role of the media, and some widely promoted treatments (dietary treatments, herbal treatments, technological treatments, exercise programmes, manipulation of the spine, and meditation).

Analysis of technology and machining devices for cleaning onion in the food industry

Over the last few years, the fruit and vegetable processing sector has recorded a systematic growth and thus strengthens its position within the food industry in Poland. The article presents the varieties of onions grown in Poland for processing purposes with the growing and storage periods, as well as technological treatments of mechanical cleaning onion. The division of individual stages of the processing process will be characterized with various methods of removing the root, tops and skin in vertical and horizontal technology. Machining tools for removing the root and tops as well as systems for cutting and removing skin will be presented. The authors will present the results of the onion processing stand tests, including exemplary processing tools, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of the applied technology.

Effect of Agronomical and Technological Treatments to Obtain Selenium-Fortified Table Olives

The biofortification of food crops for human consumption is a direct strategy for increasing dietary intake of selenium (Se). The aims of this study were the evaluation of different Se-fortification variables (concentration and number of foliar applications) for obtainment of fortified olives and the efficacy of two technological treatments (brining and dehydration) applied to them in the maintenance of this element. The research was carried out in two experiments: the results of first one were that the application of the highest Se concentration (75 mL L−1) on olive trees was useful to obtain fortified Gordal olives (650 µg kg−1) but the further brining process did not allow an acceptable retention of this nutrient in olive pulp for its dissolution in brines: the decrease was from 92 to 99%. The second experiment concerned in different number of foliar applications of the best previously tested Se-solution (75 mL·L−1) to obtain fortified Carolea olives, that were then submitted to different drying processes to became edible. The available selenium in the final products was better retained in olives dried without any preliminary treatment prior to drying and in those pre-treated by dried salt, with different trends linked to foliar application number.

Challenges Associated with Byproducts Valorization—Comparison Study of Safety Parameters of Ultrasonicated and Fermented Plant-Based Byproducts

In order to promote the efficient use of byproducts from the production of plant-based beverages, which still contain a large amount of nutritional and functional compounds, microbiological and chemical safety characteristics should be evaluated and, if needed, improved. Many challenges are associated with byproducts valorization, and the most important ones, which should be taken into account at the further steps of valorization, are biological and chemical safety. For safety improving, several technological treatments (biological, physical etc.) can be used. In this study, the influence of low-frequency ultrasonication (US) and fermentation with Lactobacillus casei LUHS210 strain, as physical and biotechnological treatments, on the safety characteristics of the byproducts (BYs) from the processing of rice, soy, almond, coconut, and oat drinks was compared. Ultrasonication, as well as fermentation, effectively improved the microbiological safety of BYs. Ultrasonication and fermentation reduced the concentration of deoxynivalenol, on average, by 24% only in soy BYs. After fermentation, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol was formed in all samples (<12 µg kg−1), except for soy BYs. The lowest total biogenic amines content was found in fermented rice BYs and ultrasonicated coconut BYs. When comparing untreated and fermented BYs, significant changes in macro- and micro-elements content were found. Ultrasonication at 37 kHz did not significantly influence the concentrations of macro- and micro-elements, while fermentation affected most of the essential micro-elements. Consequently, while ultrasonication and fermentation can enhance the safety of BYs, the specific effects must be taken into account on biogenic amines, mycotoxins, and micro and macro elements.

New Insights in Cheese Yield Capacity Between Italian Brown and Italian Friesian Milks in the Production of High Moisture Mozzarella

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of κ-casein B content in milk on the yield of high-moisture mozzarella cheese. The study was carried out by monitoring the production of eight mozzarella cheese batches at four cheesemaking factories. At each factory, two cheesemaking trials were performed in parallel: one using bulk milk from Italian Brown cattle and the other using bulk milk from Italian Friesian cattle. The average κ-casein B content was 0.04 g per 100 g in the Italian Friesian cows’ milk, whereas it was four times higher in the Italian Brown cows’ milk, reaching values of 0.16 g per 100 g. Both the κ-casein B content and κ-casein B to casein ratio were positively correlated with actual cheese yield. Both parameters showed correlation coefficient values over 0.9, higher than for any other protein fraction. The influence of the level of κ-casein on the increase of the yield is probably due to smaller and more homogeneous micelles, with more efficient rennet coagulation. Consequently, milk with higher κ-casein B content produces a more elastic curd that withstands better the technological treatments and limits losses during curd mincing and stretching. In conclusion, the Italian Brown cows’ milk, characterized by higher κ-casein content than the Italian Friesian’s one, allowed a yield increase of about 2.65 %, which is a very relevant result for both farms and cheesemaking factories.

The Effect of Technological Treatments and Loads on the Service Life of Fillet Welds

The paper presents test results concerning the service life of fillet welds made in steel S355. In addition, the article discusses the initiation and growth of fatigue cracks in specimens subjected to bending with torsion. The tests were performed in relation to constant stress ratio R = -1 and 0. The results presented in the article take into account the effect of the technological treatment on the service life of the specimens. The tests revealed longer service life of the specimens not subjected to the technological treatment, both when R = -1 and 0.

Variability and relationships among rooting characteristics for white poplar hardwood cuttings

White poplar is a key species in wood production and afforestation, but also very important for biodiversity preservation and habitat improvement. Vegetative propagation from hardwood cuttings is the most desirable method of white poplar breeding. The present research analyzed the effect of various technological treatments on four white poplar clones. Selected treatments were powder formulations of indole butyric acid (IBA) and foliar treatment with urea. The variability of 14 morphometric characteristics on the rooting of cuttings was analyzed, as well as relationships between them. Differences in analyzed morphometric characteristics depended on genotype, while the effect of the examined technological treatments was detected only by Fisher?s least significant difference (LSD) test. Significant variability between genotypes was found for traits describing rooting at the basal cut (R0 and R0p), the number of leaves (LN), the total number of roots (TRN), and cutting survival in the first part of the growing season (SURV07). Application of IBA had significant stimulating effects on rooting at the lower part of cuttings (R05) compared to controls. Variability between genotypes after foliar treatment with urea was not detected. The examined parameters were grouped into 5 groups by principal component analysis, where shoot traits and traits that describe rooting at the basal cut were in the same group with total number of roots, and cutting survival (SURV07) was in a separate group. These results suggest a need for further testing of the characteristics of hardwood cuttings in white poplars. More efficient clone technology is needed, using auxins and/or nitrogen fertilization designed to suit the specific requirements of particular clones.