scholarly journals Pengaruh Kombinasi Media Bungkil Kelapa Sawit Dan Dedak Padi Yang Difermentasi Terhadap Produksi Maggot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Sebagai Sumber Protein Pakan Ikan [The Effect Of Palm Kernel Meal And Rice Bran Media Combination Which Are Fermented To The Production Of Black Soldier Fly Maggot (Hermetia illucens) As A Source Of Fish Feed Protein ]

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arief, Azela Noor Ratika, Mirni Lamid
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Alternative Feed ◽  
The Media ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

Abstract The high feed prices caused the cost of feed matters were higher for fish farmers so that needed alternative matter. High prices are caused by fish feed, fish feed ingredients that are imported include fish meal which is the main raw material source of protein to feed the fish so that the necessary alternative feed ingredients for use of fish meal. Maggot can be used as alternative feed matter because it contains crude protein ranged between 30-40% but there are some problems in its production. Media for maggot production used palm kernel meal but the media is hard to find outside of the central plam kernel plantation so as to reduce its use carried out by using a combination of rice bran. Rice bran can be easily to get and can be media for maggot production and low nutrient content of the media production maggot can be corrected through the process of fermentation. This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of media for the production of maggot and find the best combination of media for the production maggot. This research method is to experiment whit Completely Randomized Desing (CRD). The experiment used is 100% palm kernel meal (A), 75% palm kernel meal + 25 rice bran (B), 50% palm kernel meal + 50% rice bran (C), 25% palm kernel meal + 75% rice bran (D) and 100% rice bran with each five replications. The parameters observed were severe maggot production. Analysis of the data used is Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and to determine the best treatment using Duncan’s Multiple range test with a confidence interval of 5%. The results of this study indicate that the combination of palm kernel meal and rice bran are fermented to give a noticeable effect the production Maggot. The best combination of palm kernel meal and rice bran to produce the highest Maggot is the use of palm kernel meal 75% + 25% rice bran are not significantly different with the use of palm kernel meal 100%. Based on this research result shows that the use of 25% of rice bran can reduce the use of 100% palm kernel meal become only 75% in maggot production.

scholarly journals Optimal Replacement of Soybean Meal with Fermented Palm Kernel Meal as Protein Source in a Fish Meal-Soybean Meal-Based Diet of Sex Reversed Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2287
Author(s):  
Wattana Wattanakul ◽  
Karun Thongprajukaew ◽  
Waraporn Hahor ◽  
Naraid Suanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

The solid-state fermentation by effective microorganisms (containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, yeast and Bacillus sp.) improved the nutritive values of palm kernel meal (PKM). Increased crude protein (20.79%), nitrogen-free extract (40.07%) and gross energy (19.58%) were observed in fermented PKM (FPKM) relative to raw PKM while crude lipid (15.65%), crude fiber (36.45%) and ash (29.54%) were decreased. Replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with FPKM as a protein source was investigated for its effects in sex-reversed red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus). The two-month-old fish (14.85 ± 0.28 g initial weight) were fed fish meal-SBM-based diets with replacement by FPKM at 25% (25FPKM), 50% (50FPKM), 75% (75FPKM) and 100% (100FPKM), while an FPKM-free diet (0FPKM) was used as a control. The five treatments, comprising triplicate cement ponds and forty fish each, were conducted in a recirculating system over 12 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed the 50FPKM diet were superior in growth performance, while the feed utilization parameters were similar across all five treatments. Physiological adaptation of the protein-digesting (pepsin and trypsin) and lipid-digesting (lipase) enzymes was detected at all protein replacement levels (except for 25FPKM), as well as of the enzyme for cellulose digestion (cellulase), but not of the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes (amylase). Protein synthesis capacity in flesh was improved in fish fed the 50FPKM diet, while the quality of the main flesh proteins, actin and myosin, showed no significant differences across the five treatments. No differences in carcass composition and no negative effects on hematological parameters or liver histoarchitecture at the 50% replacement level of SBM by FPKM also support this alternative. Findings from the current study indicate the low-cost FPKM-containing diet for tilapia in comparison with control diet.

Maggot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Nutritional Content Using Various Culture Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-211
Author(s):  
Ase Lestari ◽  
T.H Wahyuni ◽  
T.H Wahyuni ◽  
E. Mirwandhono ◽  
N. Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
The Media

Maggot black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is an insect that is environmentally friendly and can be mass produced and does not compete with humans. In addition, insect cultivation can reduce organic waste that has the potential to pollute the environment. Maggot black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) has a high crude protein content of 42.1%. The length of the life cycle and the high and low nutrient content of the maggot are influenced by the maggot growing media used. In this study using EM4 as a bio-activator for fermentation of rice bran, coconut dregs, tofu dregs and palm kernel cake. The function of this fermentation is to increase the nutrients contained in this material which will later be used as a growing medium for maggot and maggot is one of the alternatives to feed protein sources from fish meal. The study was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) 5 treatments and 4 replications, with the weight of each experimental unit the media content is 1 kg and filled with 1 g of BSF eggs and the media size is 37 cm long, 26 cm wide and 10 cm high. The parameters of this study consisted of maggot production and maggot nutritional content, namely moisture content, ash content, crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrates. Based on research results P0 (100% fermented rice bran) obtained an average maggot production of 525g, KA maggot 8,16%, KAb maggot 7,83%, PK maggot 44,82%, LK maggot 21,62% and 17.58% maggot carbohydrates respectively. P1 (50% fermented rice bran + 50% fermented coconut dregs) obtained an average maggot production of 467.5g, KA maggot 9,57%, KAb maggot 9,03%, PK maggot 44,68%, LK maggot 20,51% and 16.20% maggot carbohydrates respectively. P2 (50% fermented rice bran + 50% fermented tofu dregs) obtained an average maggot production of 545.25g, KA maggot 9,02%, KAb maggot 8,32%, PK maggot 44,74%, LK maggot 18,57% and 20.09% maggot carbohydrates respectively. P3 (50% fermented rice bran + 50% palm kernel cake) obtained an average maggot production of 542g, KA maggot 9,16%, KAb maggot 9,22%, PK maggot 43,72%, LK maggot 19,87% and 18.02% maggot carbohydrates respectively. P4 (25% fermented rice bran + 25% fermented tofu dregs + 25% fermented coconut dregs + 25% palm kernel cake) obtained an average maggot production of 831.5g, KA maggot 9,08%, KAb maggot 9,35%, PK maggot 44,38%, LK maggot 17,01% and 20.18% maggot carbohydrates respectively. From the research results, it can be concluded that the use of culture media with a combination of 25% fermented rice bran + 25% fermented coconut dregs + 25% fermented tofu dregs + 25% fermented palm kernel meal is the best combination where the production reaches 831.5 g bsf and 20 carbohydrates. , 18% but could not increase moisture content, ash content, crude protein and crude fat.

scholarly journals Replacing Fishmeal With Palm Kernel Meal In Formulated Feed For The Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Nawwar Zawani Mamat ◽  
Norsila Daim ◽  
Nawwar Zawani Mamat
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

Utilisation of plant proteins to replace fish meal in shrimp feeds has become an important consideration because fish meal is becoming more expensive due to increasing demand worldwide. The potential use of palm kernel meal (PKM) in this study to substitute fish meal in the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) diets was evaluated by conducting a 90-day feeding trial. Shrimp juveniles with an initial average weight of 0.5 g, protein content of 10.74±0.70% were randomly distributed into five treatments in triplicates. Four isonitrogenous (approximately 35% protein) diets were formulated to contain 0% (D0), 25% (D25), 50% (D50) and 75% (D75) of PKM replacement and a commercial feed served as control treatment (Control). Results from this study revealed that shrimps fed D25 were comparable with those fed with Control as there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) between the groups. However, PKM inclusions above 50% showed detrimental effects on the growth performance. The highest total protein percent was observed in shrimp tissues fed with D25 (67.59±0.87%) and D75 showed the lowest protein among the treatments (57.4±0.63%) (p<0.05). Total lipid content was observed high in shrimps fed with Control (4.33±2.96%) and decreased with PKM replacement levels. The highest carbohydrate was found in shrimps fed with D75 (16.75±0.04%) and the lowest was found in shrimps fed with D25 (14.67±0.07%). When PKM is utilised to replace FM, a limit of 25% level should be recommended.

Tingkat Penggunaan Dedak Padi Fermentasi (DPF) dalam Ransum Terhadap Bobot Akhir, Persentase Karkas dan Income Over Feed and Duck Cost (IOFC) Itik Alabio Jantan

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Danang Biyatmoko ◽  
Purniati Purniati ◽  
Nursyam Ahmad Syamsu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal ◽  
Variant Analysis ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to examine the effect of the use of fermented rice bran (DPF) in Alabio male duck ration on final body weight, percentage of carcass weight and business income on the cost of ration (Income Over Feed Cost). The material used in this research is 75 male Alabio ducks. The feed used is mixture of fermented rice bran, rice bran, commercial corn, palm kernel meal, fish meal, BR-I and mineral mix. This research method used a complete randomized design (RAL) consisting of five treatments and five replications. Five treatments are 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% DPF in the ration. The data obtained were analyzed using variant analysis (Anova). The results of this study indicate that the use of fermented rice bran in ration has no significant effect (p>0,05) on final body weight, carcass percentage and income over feed and duck cost (IOFC). This study showed that the use of fermented rice bran (DPF) in the ration up to 40% level can be given to male Alabio ducks without negatively affect the final body weight, percentage of carcass and income over feed and duck cost (IOFC).

Palm Kernel Meal as a Fish-feed Ingredient for Milkfish (Chanos chanos, Forskall 1755): Effect on Growth and Gut Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 753-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilham Zulfahmi ◽  
M. Herjayanto ◽  
Agung S. Batubara ◽  
Ridwan Affandi ◽  
Ilham Zulfahmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Chanos Chanos ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal ◽  
Effect On Growth

scholarly journals Analysis of the use of media resulting from bioconversion of organic waste in the production of maggots BSF (black soldier fly)

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Syahrizal Syahrizal ◽  
Ediwarman ◽  
Safratilofa ◽  
Muhamat Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

Maggots is an organism derived from the eggs of the black fly, Hermentia illucens (black soldier fly, BSF), which undergoes metamorphosis in the second phase after the egg phase and before the pupa phase which then turns into an adult fly. The purpose of this study was to analyze the utilization of organic waste substrate on the production of BSF maggots cultivation. This research was conducted outdoor at the Freshwater Aquaculture Fisheries Center (BPBAT) Sungai Gelam Jambi with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications; Treatment A: PKM (palm kernel meal) 100%, B (PKM 50% + cabbage vegetable waste 50%), C (PKM 50% + coconut pulp 50%) and D (PKM 50% + coconut pulp 25% + vegetable waste cabbage 25%). The average yield parameter of high maggots biomass in treatment A was 673.67 g/4 kg substrate and the lowest biomass in treatment D was 239.67 g/4 kg substrate. For the average weight and length of the best maggots in treatment A (0.20 g/individual) and (1.83 cm), the lowest was in B (0.12 g/Ind. and 1.58 cm). The highest was in treatment B (5,182.31 individual/4 kg substrate) and the lowest was in D (1,479.44 ind./4 kg substrate. The highest bioconversion value of maggots to organic matter OSE (organic substrate efficiency) was highest in treatment A (16, 84%) and the lowest was in D (5.99%). Technically, treatment A was slightly better than B, while economically the best organic substrate medium for maggots cultivation was in treatment B with a production cost of Rp. 7.257 and the ECR (economic conversion ratio) value of 5.81 was lower than the other 3 treatments.   Keywords: Maggots, black soldier fly, Hermentia illucens, organic waste.   ABSTRAK   Maggots merupakan organisme yang berasal dari telur seranga lalat hitam, Hermentia illucens (black soldier fly, BSF). Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis pemanfaatan subtrat limbah organik terhadap produksi budidaya maggots BSF. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Balai Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar (BPBAT) Sungai Gelam, Jambi dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) 4 perlakuan 3 ulangan yaitu perlakuan A : PKM (palm kernel meal) 100%, B (PKM 50% + limbah sayur kol 50%), C (PKM 50% + ampas kelapa 50%), dan D (PKM 50% + ampas kelapa 25%+ limbah sayur kol 25%).Rata-rata biomassa tertinggi didapatkan pada perlakuanA (673,67g/4 kg subtrat) dan biomassa terendah dihasilkan pada perlakuan D (239.67g/4 kg subtrat). Untuk bobot rata-rata dan panjang maggots terbaik dihasilkan pada perlakuan A (0,20 g/individu dan 1,83 cm/individu), terendah pada B (0,12 g/individu dan (1,58 cm). Jumlah populasi maggots yang terbanyak dihasilkan pada perlakuan B (5.182,31 ind./4 kg subtrat) dan terendah pada D (1.479,44 individu/4 kg subtrat). Nilai biokonversi maggots terhadap bahan organik OSEterbaik (organic substrate efficiency) tertinggi pada perlakuan A (16,84%) dan terendah pada D (5,99%). Secara teknis perlakuan A sedikit lebih baik dari B sedangkan secara ekonomi media subtrat organik terbaik untuk budidaya maggots terdapat pada perlakuan B dengan biaya produksi sebesar Rp. 7.257 dan nilai ECR (economic convertion ratio) sebesar 5.81 lebih rendah dari ke 3 perlakuan lainnya.   Kata kunci: Maggots, black soldier fly, Hermentia illucens, limbah organik.

Effect of Palm Kernel Meal as Melamine Urea Formaldehyde Adhesive Extender for Plywood Application: Using a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huei Ruey Ong ◽  
Reddy Prasad ◽  
Md. Maksudur Rahman Khan ◽  
Md. Najmul Kabir Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

Increased demand for wood adhesives, environmental concerns, and the uncertainty of continuing availability of petrochemicals have led to recent attention on protein-based adhesives. This study was conducted to investigate the physico-chemical interaction of palm kernel meal (PKM) with melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) resins in adhesive formulation by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The effect of hot press on PKM extender has been investigated by FTIR and blue shift is observed due to the hot press indicating that the functional groups (such as C=O, -OH and NH) are become more free in the samples. In the case of PKM-MUF blend bonding interactions observed where, PKM played the role as an extender. Red shift of C=O and N-H groups stretching in PKM-MUF-Wood blend is observed which suggests the interaction of these functional groups through hydrogen bonding. The results suggest that PKM extender-based MUF adhesive resins have potential application for the production of exterior plywood.

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