scholarly journals A Comparison of Key Essential Nutrients in Commercial Plant-Based Pet Foods Sold in Canada to American and European Canine and Feline Dietary Recommendations

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2348
Author(s):  
Sarah A. S. Dodd ◽  
Anna K. Shoveller ◽  
Andrea J. Fascetti ◽  
Zengshou Z. Yu ◽  
David W. L. Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Commercial Plant ◽  
Feed Control ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Profiles

Plant-based foods intended for feeding dogs and cats are available in Canada, though few studies have examined the suitability of plant-based foods for dogs and cats. All commercial plant-based extruded and wet pet food products available in Ontario, Canada, in 2018 (n = 26) were acquired and analysed for energy, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals and vitamins A, B12, D2 and D3. Results were compared with recommendations of the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) and the European Pet Food Industry Federation (FEDIAF). Thirteen products were labelled for adult canine maintenance, four for canine all life stages, one for puppy growth, two for adult feline maintenance, three for feline all life stages, one for adult maintenance of dogs and cats and two for all life stages of dogs and cats. Four products met AAFCO and one product met FEDIAF nutrient recommendations for canine maintenance. No diets met AAFCO or FEDIAF recommendations for feline maintenance or growth for either species. Nutrients most commonly found insufficient were: sulfur amino acids, taurine, arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA, calcium phosphorus and vitamin D. There were no nutrients unable to be provided from non-animal sources. Compliance with labelling guidelines was also poor, similar to other findings with commercial animal-based pet products. The results from this study indicate areas where producers of plant-based pet foods must improve to meet the industry recommended nutrient profiles and labelling requirements.

scholarly journals The Digestibility of Nutrients from Pet Feed

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florina BUNGHEZ ◽  
Carmen SOCACIU ◽  
Giorgiana Mihaela CATUNESCU
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Food Label ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Animal Feeds ◽  
Feed Control ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Nutrient Profiles

Many states follow the pet feed regulations of the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO). AAFCO includes officials from all states and federal government who are responsible for enforcing the laws regulating the production, labeling, distributions, and/or sale of animal feeds. Pet food manufacturers are required to include the method of substantatiation that was used for the complete and balanced claim on the pet food label. If the statement that AAFCO feeding trial were conducted is included, this means that the food was adequately tested using AAFCO feeding trials with dogs and cats. If the statement claims that the food meets the AAFCO Nutrient profiles, this signifies that the food was formulated to meet the nutrient profile for the intended stage of life (adult maintenance or growth/reproduction. The aim of this paper is to highlight the true degree of digestibility of pet feed. 

scholarly journals 334 Pet food safety: truth in labeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 63-64
Author(s):  
David Edwards ◽  
Charlotte Conway
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Regulations ◽  
Food Label ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Feed Control ◽  
Labeling Requirements ◽  
Animal Safety ◽  
Intended Use

Abstract In the United States, substances intended for use in animal foods are generally considered to be either animal foods or animal drugs. The regulatory classification of a substance relies on its intended use. Claims for substances that are regulated as animal foods are limited to those that can be attributed to the substance’s “food” properties, which the courts in the United States have defined as being related to the provision of nutritive value, taste, or aroma or for a technical effect on the food itself. Any substance intentionally added to an animal food must be either an approved food additive as listed in part 573 in Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (21 CFR 573) or a substance that is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for an intended use, including those listed in 21 CFR 582 and 584. Also, in coordination with state feed control officials, CVM recognizes ingredients in the Official Publication of the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) as being acceptable for use in animal foods. Everything on a pet food label must be truthful, not misleading, and appropriate for a product regulated as food. Federal regulations (21 CFR 501) require that labels include: an appropriate product name, all ingredients in descending order of predominance by weight, a statement of net quantity of contents, and the address of manufacturer or distributor. Most states have additional labeling requirements. Studies conducted for scientific research need to be evaluated to determine if the endpoints and parameters measured are also appropriate as regulatory data. Feeding studies may address target animal safety and/or utility of the substance for its intended use as a food. CVM will provide written feedback on protocols intended to address new feed ingredients.

scholarly journals The Role of Reduced Methionine in Mediating the Metabolic Responses to Protein Restriction Using Different Sources of Protein

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2609
Author(s):  
Han Fang ◽  
Kirsten P. Stone ◽  
Sujoy Ghosh ◽  
Laura A. Forney ◽  
Thomas W. Gettys
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Dietary Protein Restriction ◽  
Methionine Restriction

Dietary protein restriction and dietary methionine restriction (MR) produce a comparable series of behavioral, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional responses. Both dietary regimens produce a similar reduction in intake of sulfur amino acids (e.g., methionine and cystine), and both diets increase expression and release of hepatic FGF21. Given that FGF21 is an essential mediator of the metabolic phenotype produced by both diets, an important unresolved question is whether dietary protein restriction represents de facto methionine restriction. Using diets formulated from either casein or soy protein with matched reductions in sulfur amino acids, we compared the ability of the respective diets to recapitulate the metabolic phenotype produced by methionine restriction using elemental diets. Although the soy-based control diets supported faster growth compared to casein-based control diets, casein-based protein restriction and soy-based protein restriction produced comparable reductions in body weight and fat deposition, and similar increases in energy intake, energy expenditure, and water intake. In addition, the prototypical effects of dietary MR on hepatic and adipose tissue target genes were similarly regulated by casein- and soy-based protein restriction. The present findings support the feasibility of using restricted intake of diets from various protein sources to produce therapeutically effective implementation of dietary methionine restriction.

scholarly journals Secondary Functions of Arginine and Sulfur Amino Acids in Poultry Health: Review

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2106
Author(s):  
Fernanda Lima de Souza Castro ◽  
Woo K. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Eimeria Infection ◽  
Health Review

Amino acids such as arginine, methionine, and cysteine are the precursors of essential molecules that regulate growth and health, being classified as functional amino acids. This review describes the metabolism of arginine and the sulfur amino acids and how they modulate, directly or indirectly, different tissues. Emphasis is placed on their effects in supporting health during challenging conditions, such as heat stress and Eimeria infection. The use of arginine has been shown to reduce abdominal fat pad in ducks and increase lean tissue and bone mineral density in broilers. Additionally, the sulfur amino acids have been shown to improve bone development and are beneficial during heat stress. The use of L-methionine increased the cortical and trabecular bone mineral densities, in laying hens. Moreover, the dietary inclusion of these amino acids could reduce the damage caused by Eimeria spp. infection by regulating the antioxidant system and cell repair. Understanding how these amino acids can mitigate stressful conditions may provide us novel insights of their use as nutritional strategies to modulate the health status of chickens.

Sulfur Amino Acids and Skeletal Muscle

2019 ◽  
pp. 335-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Papet ◽  
Didier Rémond ◽  
Dominique Dardevet ◽  
Laurent Mosoni ◽  
Sergio Polakof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids

Acute effects of sulfur amino acids on redox status in dl-homocysteine-treated rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. e136
Author(s):  
D. Djuric ◽  
T. Sobot ◽  
A. Djuric ◽  
V. Jakovljevic ◽  
T. Nikolic-Turnic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Acute Effects

Effects of nonsulfur and sulfur amino acids on the regulation of hepatic enzymes of cysteine metabolism

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. E144-E153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Bella ◽  
Christine Hahn ◽  
Martha H. Stipanuk
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Cysteine Dioxygenase ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Subunit Mrna ◽  
Cysteine Metabolism ◽  
Glutamylcysteine Synthetase

To determine the role of nonsulfur vs. sulfur amino acids in regulation of cysteine metabolism, rats were fed a basal diet or diets supplemented with a mixture of nonsulfur amino acids (AA), sulfur amino acids (SAA), or both for 3 wk. Hepatic cysteine-sulfinate decarboxylase (CSDC), cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) activity, concentration, and mRNA abundance were measured. Supplementation with AA alone had no effect on any of these measures. Supplementation of the basal diet with SAA, with or without AA, resulted in a higher CDO concentration (32–45 times basal), a lower CSDC mRNA level (49–64% of basal), and a lower GCS-heavy subunit mRNA level (70–76%). The presence of excess SAA and AA together resulted in an additional type of regulation: a lower specific activity of all three enzymes was observed in rats fed diets with an excess of AA and SAA. Both SAA and AA played a role in regulation of these three enzymes of cysteine metabolism, but SAA had the dominant effects, and effects of AA were not observed in the absence of SAA.

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