scholarly journals Secondary Functions of Arginine and Sulfur Amino Acids in Poultry Health: Review

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2106
Author(s):  
Fernanda Lima de Souza Castro ◽  
Woo K. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Eimeria Infection ◽  
Health Review

Amino acids such as arginine, methionine, and cysteine are the precursors of essential molecules that regulate growth and health, being classified as functional amino acids. This review describes the metabolism of arginine and the sulfur amino acids and how they modulate, directly or indirectly, different tissues. Emphasis is placed on their effects in supporting health during challenging conditions, such as heat stress and Eimeria infection. The use of arginine has been shown to reduce abdominal fat pad in ducks and increase lean tissue and bone mineral density in broilers. Additionally, the sulfur amino acids have been shown to improve bone development and are beneficial during heat stress. The use of L-methionine increased the cortical and trabecular bone mineral densities, in laying hens. Moreover, the dietary inclusion of these amino acids could reduce the damage caused by Eimeria spp. infection by regulating the antioxidant system and cell repair. Understanding how these amino acids can mitigate stressful conditions may provide us novel insights of their use as nutritional strategies to modulate the health status of chickens.

Associations between amino acids and bone mineral density in men with idiopathic osteoporosis

Bone ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 959-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ylva Pernow ◽  
Marja Thorén ◽  
Maria Sääf ◽  
Rita Fernholm ◽  
Björn Anderstam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Idiopathic Osteoporosis

scholarly journals Fatty acid pattern in serum is associated with bone mineralisation in healthy 8-year-old children

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Eriksson ◽  
Dan Mellström ◽  
Birgitta Strandvik
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Serum Phospholipid ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Bone Mineralisation

Animal studies have shown that fatty acids (FA) are important for normal bone development. Human data are scanty and mostly related to diseases. We hypothesised that serum FA pattern might be related to bone mineralisation in healthy children. Serum phospholipid FA pattern was studied in relation to bone parameters in eighty-five healthy Caucasian 8-year-olds. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and blood sampling for analysis of serum phospholipid FA by capillary GLC were performed on the same day. SFA concentrations were associated with bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip, lumbar spine and total body. There was a general trend that linoleic acid (LA; 18 : 2n-6) was negatively associated with BMD, since that was found both for the LA concentration, the total n-6 concentration and the ratio of n-6:n-3 FA. Arachidonic acid (AA; 20 : 4n-6) was positively correlated with bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD of total body, as was the corresponding z-score and the AA:LA ratio. Both saturated and polyunsaturated serum phospholipid FA were associated with BMC and BMD in healthy children. LA and AA were found to inversely influence bone mineralisation and the association with the n-6:n-3 ratio suggested that this balance might also be of importance. The general trend of a negative influence of high n-6 FA concentrations on bone mineralisation might be of concern in relation to the changes in the Western diet. Longitudinal studies are necessary to verify if different bone compartments and different grades of modelling are related to different FA patterns.

Correlation of quantitative ultrasound measurements with material properties and bone mineral density in the equine metacarpus

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
G Whan ◽  
J Runciman ◽  
M Hurtig
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Quantitative Ultrasound ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Metacarpal Bones

AbstractThis study explored the relationship between speed-of-sound (SOS) measurements and the material properties of metacarpal bones in order to validate a device that uses linear unicortical transmission of ultrasound. SOS, ultimate tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were determined at nine experimental sites. Measurements of SOS and bone mineral density were collected at three of the nine experimental sites. Twenty-five equine metacarpal (MC3) bones were used. Micro-computerized tomography was used to validate testing protocols. SOS measurements were highly site- and horse-dependent. One or more statistically significant correlations were found with ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and bone mineral density in four of the nine experimental sites. A previously described pattern of high lateral and medial cortical stiffness and SOS was found in the mid-diaphysis that correlated with bone mineral density (r2=0.25, P<0.01) and modulus of elasticity (r2=0.14, P<0.05). SOS and ultimate tensile strength correlated strongly in the distal dorsal metacarpus (r2=0.47, P<0.001). Lateral and medial distal-level sites just above the fetlock joint had a variable amount of cancellous bone, reducing the ultimate strength of these sites. The study indicates that quantitative ultrasound is sensitive to differences in the quality of equine metacarpal bone, so this technique may be useful for monitoring adaptation to exercise and bone development.

scholarly journals The effects of total sulfur amino acids on the intestinal health status of broilers challenged with Eimeria spp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 5027-5036 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.L.S. Castro ◽  
Y.H. Tompkins ◽  
R. Pazdro ◽  
W.K. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Eimeria Spp

scholarly journals Loss of PiT-2 results in abnormal bone development and decreased bone mineral density and length in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 495 (1) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Yamada ◽  
Mary C. Wallingford ◽  
Suhaib Borgeia ◽  
Timothy C. Cox ◽  
Cecilia M. Giachelli
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Mineral Density

scholarly journals The relative contribution of diet and genotype to bone development

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral Mass ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mineral Mass

The present review addresses the relative contribution of diet and genotype to variability in human bone growth and mineralisation in the context of the aetiology of osteoporosis. Heritability studies indicate that 60–70 % of the variability in bone mineral mass or bone mineral density (BMD) can be accounted for by genetic variation. Cross-trait analyses suggest that a proportion of this variation reflects genetic influences on bone and body size, such as height and lean body mass. Candidate-gene studies have demonstrated associations between several genetic polymorphisms and bone mineral mass but, as yet, genotype determinations have proved unhelpful in identifying individuals at increased risk of osteoporosis. Variations in diet and other environmental factors contribute 30–40 % to total phenotypic variance in bone mineral mass or BMD. Correlations between intakes of individual nutrients and BMD have been reported, but these relationships are subject to confounding due to size. However, no specific dietary factor has been identified from prospective and twin studies as making a significant contribution to environmental variability in BMD or bone loss. This finding may reflect the difficulties in quantifying environmental exposures, both current and over a lifetime. In addition, the influence of diet on bone health may depend on the genotype of the individual. Optimisation of nutrition and lifestyle remains an attractive strategy for the reduction of fracture risk, but more research is required to fully define optimal dietary requirements.

scholarly journals Abnormal craniofacial and spinal bone development with col2a1a depletion in a zebrafish model of CHARGE syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Breuer ◽  
Maximilian Rummler ◽  
Charlotte Zaouter ◽  
Bettina M. Willie ◽  
Shunmoogum A. Patten
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Charge Syndrome ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Weberian Apparatus ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Osteoblast Markers

AbstractCHARGE syndrome patients commonly display craniofacial abnormalities. Furthermore, most patients show features of idiopathic scoliosis, reduced bone mineral density and in a few cases osteopenia. While several clinical cases and studies have documented the skeletal deformities in CHARGE syndrome bearing CHD7 mutations, the underlying mechanisms of the disorder remain elusive. Here, we detect and quantitatively analyze skeletal abnormalities in larval and adult chd7-/- zebrafish.We show that young chd7-/- larvae present with abnormal craniofacial development, especially related to cartilage. We also observe scoliosis-like spinal deformations at 9 dpf. Gene expression analysis confirmed the reduction of osteoblast markers and Pparγ targets. MicroCT analyses identified abnormal craniofacial structures, Weberian apparatus and vertebral body morphology in chd7-/- mutants, with highly mineralized inclusions, along with significant variances in bone mineral density and bone volume. Notably, we detect a specific depletion of Col2a1a in the cartilage of craniofacial regions and vertebrae, in line with a significantly reduced number of chondrocytes.Our study is the first to elucidate the mechanisms underlying morphological changes in craniofacial structure and vertebrae of adult chd7-/- zebrafish. The chd7-/- mutant zebrafish will be beneficial in future investigations of the underlying pathways of both craniofacial and spinal deformities commonly seen in CHARGE syndrome.

Gene polymorphisms, bone mineral density and bone mineral content in young children:the Iowa bone development study

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 650-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia C. Willing ◽  
James C. Torner ◽  
Trudy L. Burns ◽  
Kathleen F. Janz ◽  
Teresa Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Development Study

scholarly journals A Multi-Omic Analysis for Low Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women Suggests a Relationship between Diet, Metabolites, and Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1630
Author(s):  
Berenice Palacios-González ◽  
Eric G. Ramírez-Salazar ◽  
Berenice Rivera-Paredez ◽  
Manuel Quiterio ◽  
Yvonne N. Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Serum Vitamin D

The effect of microbiota composition and its health on bone tissue is a novel field for research. However, their associations with bone mineral density (BMD) have not been established in postmenopausal women. The present study investigates the relation of diet, the microbiota composition, and the serum metabolic profile in postmenopausal women with normal-BMD or with low-BMD. Ninety-two Mexican postmenopausal women were classified into normal-BMD (n = 34) and low-BMD (n = 58). The V4 hypervariable region was sequenced using the Miseq platform. Serum vitamin D was determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum concentrations of acyl-carnitines and amino acids were determined by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Diet was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. The low-BMD group had fewer observed species, higher abundance of γ-Proteobacteria, lower consumption of lycopene, and lower concentrations of leucine, valine, and tyrosine compared with the normal-BMD group. These amino acids correlated positively with the abundance of Bacteroides. Lycopene consumption positively correlated with Oscillospira and negatively correlated with Pantoea genus abundance. Finally, the intestinal microbiota of women with vitamin D deficiency was related to Erysipelotrichaceae and Veillonellaceae abundance compared to the vitamin D non-deficient group. Associations mediated by the gut microbiota between diet and circulating metabolites with low-BMD were identified.

scholarly journals The role of dietary calcium in bone health

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral Status ◽  
Usual Diet

Approximately 99% of body Ca is found in bone, where it serves a key structural role as a component of hydroxyapatite. Dietary requirements for Ca are determined by the needs for bone development and maintenance, which vary throughout the life stage, with greater needs during the periods of rapid growth in childhood and adolescence, during pregnancy and lactation, and in later life. There is considerable disagreement between expert groups on the daily Ca intake levels that should be recommended, reflecting the uncertainty in the data for establishing Ca requirements. Inadequate dietary Ca in early life impairs bone development, and Ca supplementation of the usual diet for periods of ≤3 years has been shown to enhance bone mineral status in children and adolescents. However, it is unclear whether this benefit is long term, leading to the optimisation of peak bone mass in early adulthood. In later years inadequate dietary Ca accelerates bone loss and may contribute to osteoporosis. Ca supplementation of the usual diet in post-menopausal women and older men has been shown to reduce the rate of loss of bone mineral density at a number of sites over periods of 1–2 years. However, the extent to which this outcome reduces fracture risk needs to be determined. Even allowing for disagreements on recommended intakes, evidence indicates that dietary Ca intake is inadequate for maintenance of bone health in a substantial proportion of some population groups, particularly adolescent girls and older women.

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