scholarly journals Feeding Ecology of Wild Brown-Nosed Coatis and Garbage Exploration: A Study in Two Ecological Parks

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2412
Author(s):  
Delma Henriques Rodrigues ◽  
Eduardo Calixto ◽  
Clarice Silva Cesario ◽  
Renata Barcelos Repoles ◽  
Waldomiro de Paula Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Statistics ◽  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Ecological Consequences ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Recreation Areas ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Glass Metal ◽  
Human Recreation

Wild animals that feed on garbage waste are a problem in ecological parks as it can substantially alter their food ecology. Wild coatis that occupy human recreation areas in parks are often observed feeding on garbage, but the ecological consequences are scarcely known. Forty-four fecal samples from females and 12 from males of wild coatis living in two ecological parks (Parque Municipal das Mangabeiras (PMM) and Parque Nacional do Caparaó (PNC)) were analyzed. Multivariate statistics were applied to evaluate the interaction between four variables (fecal volume, composition, place and sex of coatis). A significant interaction between the parks and sexes with regard to volume and food category was not found. Ungrouped analysis allowed for the identification of a decreasing gradient in volume from PNC males, followed by PNC females, PMM males, and PMM females. We did not find differences between categories of food between males and females from PNC and PMM, except for invertebrates. Females from PNC consumed more invertebrates than males and females of PMM, but we did not find differences from PNC males. The coatis of both parks primarily consume invertebrates and vegetables, but garbage residues were found in their feces. Garbage fragments, such as paper, glass, metal, plastic and rope, cause a risk to the health, compromising the conservation efforts of wild coatis. Actions are needed to prevent the access of coatis to dumps in both parks.

Factors Affecting Personal Space toward a Group

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darhl M. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Target Person ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Left Target

The personal space of 160 males and 160 females was measured relative to target groups whose characteristics varied in size (1, 2, 3, 4), type of person (men, women, boy, and girl), and direction of orientation (right, front, left). Two analyses of variance were completed: (a) sex of subject × type of target person × group size × direction of facing and (b) sex of subject × direction of facing of right target × direction of facing of left target person × man-woman composition. Personal space was smaller toward groups not containing a man than for those containing a man, for groups of children than adults when approaching face to face, for groups of females than males when approaching from behind, for groups facing away than for groups facing at right angles than for groups facing toward. Although group size was involved in a significant interaction with type of person and direction of facing, it did not produce a significant main effect. Sex of subject also was not significant, showing that males and females exhibited generic social schemas in personal spacing toward groups.

You Can Tell by the Nose—Judging Sex from an Isolated Facial Feature

Perception ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 969-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P Chronicle ◽  
Mei-Yin Chan ◽  
Charlotte Hawkings ◽  
Karen Mason ◽  
Kathryn Smethurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Facial Feature ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Physical Variables ◽  
Female Subjects

Measurements taken from the nose are among the most important physical variables which discriminate statistically between male and female faces, yet several investigators have claimed that it is difficult to judge sex on the basis of noses presented in isolation. Previous work on the isolated nose has, however, involved the use of frontal views only, which may have obscured important physical differences between the noses of males and females. An investigation of the accuracy of judgments of the sex of isolated noses observed in frontal, profile, and three-quarter views by male and female subjects is reported. Judgment of sex was performed significantly more accurately than chance in all cases except for frontal views of female noses, where judgment was significantly less accurate than chance. Analysis of variance demonstrated a significant interaction of sex of nose and view of nose, such that male noses were identified better in frontal and in profile views, but female noses better in the three-quarter view. It is suggested that one possible reason for the seemingly contradictory role of the nose in previous studies of sex judgment is that all noses look more male in frontal views. For a nose to be perceived as female, its distinctive shape must be made available to the perceiver; this is most likely from the three-quarter view.

Are brightly coloured male ducks selectively shot by duck hunters?

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Metz ◽  
C. Davison Ankney
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Management Unit ◽  
Differential Vulnerability ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Hunting Mortality

In many species of ducks, males are harvested at higher rates than females. Several studies have suggested that particular aspects of the birds' biology may account for this difference, but few studies have attempted to determine the effect of hunter behaviour on the differential vulnerability. The objective of this study was to determine if the bright plumage of male ducks was related to greater hunting mortality. Ducks shot from pairs at Long Point Waterfowl Management Unit, Ontario, from September 25 to November 26, 1987, were examined, and questions were asked of hunters who brought the ducks into the Waterfowl Management Unit's check station. Sixty-one percent of ducks shot from pairs were mallards, green-winged teal, or ring-necked ducks. A significant interaction occurred between the degree of dichromatism of plumage and which sex of duck was shot. Approximately equal numbers of males and females were shot when males resembled females. However, when males obtained their full, bright, alternate plumage, a significantly greater proportion of males were shot regardless of which sex was leading. These data suggest that hunters select, consciously or unconsciously, the more distinctive male when he is accompanied by a female. Characteristics of hunters' behaviour while hunting are pertinent to assessing current waterfowl management programs.

THE EFFECTS OF SEX AND MACHIAVELLIANISM ON SELF-DISCLOSURE PATTERNS

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva C. Brown ◽  
Rebecca F. Guy
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Friendship Relations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Disclosure Patterns ◽  
Manipulation Strategy ◽  
Manipulative Techniques

This study was aimed at replicating the findings of an earlier study examining the effects of sex and machiavellianism on self-disclosure patterns. Of particular interest was the question of whether or not a significant sex-machiavellian interaction would reoccur. A sample of 166 males and females recruited from the introductory course in sociology were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing several dimensions of friendship relations. Measures of self-disclosure and machiavellianism were included in the questionnaire. As hypothesized, a significant sex-machiavellian interaction was observed. This significant interaction was interpreted to suggest that self-disclosure may be a manipulation strategy for females. If this is the case, current measures of machiavellianism are intensitive to the range of manipulative techniques used by females.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Psychological Needs between Kindergarten Children with Developmental Learning Disabilities and Normal

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 543
Author(s):  
Nawaf. M. Aldhafeeri
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Developmental Learning ◽  
Detection Tool ◽  
Males And Females

The study aimed to identify the psychological needs (for competence, autonomy, and affiliation) with kindergarten children in Kuwait. A sample of 117 children from kindergarten (57 with developmental learning disabilities, and 60 of normal children) was selected. Two instruments were used: early detection tool and psychological needs scale. The results showed that there were significant differences (p. < 0.01) between the developmental learning disabilities and the normal children in all needs. Also, there were significant differences (p. < 0.05) between males and females in competence and autonomy needs. There were no significant differences between males and females in the affiliation need. There were significant Interaction effect between gender and the group in the autonomy need indicating that differences due to gender are not constant. 

scholarly journals Reproduction and feeding ecology of Amphisbaena munoai and Anops kingi (Amphisbaenia, Amphisbaenidae) in the Escudo Sul-Rio-Grandense, southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael L Balestrin ◽  
Lize H Cappellari
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Unimodal Pattern

This study presents original data on the reproduction and feeding ecology of two syntopic amphisbaenians, Amphisbaena munoai Klappenbach, 1969 and Anops kingi Bell, 1833, from southern Brazil. Sampling was carried out from April 2004 to April 2006 at a highland area located in São Jerônimo and Barão do Triunfo municipalities, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A total of 647 amphisbaenians were collected, 510 specimens of A. munoai and 137 specimens of A. kingi, of which 130 and 93, respectively, had their gonads and gut content analyzed. Both species presented a unimodal pattern of seasonal distribution, sexually mature females with significantly larger snout vent length (SVL) than sexually mature males, and seasonal reproductive cycle. Adults of A. kingi had significantly larger (SVL) than those of Amphisbaena munoai. Both species had generalist diets, but termites (Isoptera) was a staple item in their diet. Greater predominance of insect larvae was observed in the diet of A. kingi, which may be due to its larger body in comparison to A. munoai. Insect larvae ingested by A. kingi were significantly larger than those ingested by A. munoai. Diets of adult males and females of both species were not significantly different. The ontogenetic diet comparison in both species revealed significant numerical differences, with adults consuming higher numbers of prey.

scholarly journals Interpersonal Attitudes of Suicidal Individuals

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 983-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vickie Lee Nelson ◽  
Elwin C. Nielsen ◽  
Keith T. Checketts
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Social Involvement ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Way

This study compared differences in the way in which 63 suicidal and 56 nonsuicidal persons in therapy reported their relations to other people on the FIRO-B, and the Sociability and Tolerance scales from the California Personality Inventory. Suicidal and nonsuicidal groups performed significantly differently on three scales, Wanted Affection, Sociability, and Tolerance. There was a significant interaction on Wanted Affection between suicidal status and sex. Suicidal persons showed a preference for less social involvement and a lower level of tolerance for others. Suicidal males expressed more affection than suicidal females while nonsuicidal males expressed less affection than nonsuicidal females. Suicidal individuals, both males and females, and nonsuicidal females obtained much higher wanted affection scores than did nonsuicidal males. Implications of these findings regarding the nature of the personality needs of suicidal males and females were discussed.

scholarly journals Food and feeding habits of the greenback grey mullet Liza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) from Parangipettai waters, south-east coast of India

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ashiq Ur Rahman ◽  
P. S. Lyla ◽  
S. Ajmal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Food Item ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Grey Mullet ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
Food And Feeding ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sand Particles

The feeding ecology and prey preference of greenback grey mullet Liza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) were investigated in Parangipettai waters (11°29′25.55″N; 79°45′38.62″E) from May 2011 to April 2012. A total of 328 male and 360 female specimens of L. subviridis were analysed. Detritus and sand particles formed the major food item of L. subviridis in both sexes besides, diatoms, dinoflagellates, algae, zooplankton, foraminiferans, polychaetes and larval forms were also noticed and ranked respectively based on the quantities. Feeding intensity showed that the percentage of ‘empty’ stomachs varied from 7.2% (November 2011) to 19.3% (August 2011) and from 7.1% (March 2012) to 19.2% (August 2011) in males and females respectively whereas the ‘gorged’ stomach in males and females was in the ranges of 4.6% (March 2012) - 14.5% (December 2011) and 4.6% (September 2011) - 14.5% (April 2012). The gastrosomatic index of males and females ranged between 5.9% (October 2011) - 8.2% (May 2011) and 6.1% (March 2012) - 8.1% (May 2011) respectively. The results agree with the previous reports and extend the understanding on its well-being, reproductive seasons and stock of L. subviridis in Parangipettai waters.

Effects of Drinking Age on Reduced Consumption of Alcohol Reported by College Students: 1981–1986

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo M. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Alcohol Education ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Spring Break ◽  
Drinking Age ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs

A survey of college students who visited Daytona Beach, Florida during spring break between the years 1981 and 1986 showed a significant drop in reported consumption of alcoholic beverages. Significant reductions were found for both males and females. Since more than thirty states changed their laws raising the drinking age during the period of the study, it was assumed that some of the drop in consumption might be accounted for by the increase in the drinking age. However, an analysis of variance failed to reject the null hypothesis of no significant interaction between the age of the respondent and the year of the study as a predictor of quantity-frequency of consumption. The author suggests that meaningful evaluation studies are needed to determine whether the growth in college alcohol education and prevention programs might better account for the recent decline in student consumption of alcohol and other drugs.

Feeding ecology of a population of nesting yellow warblers

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1670-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Busby ◽  
Spencer G. Sealy
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Beach Ridge ◽  
Dendroica Petechia ◽  
Arthropod Fauna ◽  
Yellow Warblers ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Breeding Seasons

The feeding ecology of a population of nesting yellow warblers (Dendroica petechia) was studied on the Delta Beach Ridge, Manitoba, during the breeding seasons of 1975 and 1976. The total numbers and taxonomic composition of the arthropods available to yellow warblers fluctuated irregularly throughout both breeding seasons. Major changes in the arthropod fauna were due mainly to emergences of adult chironomids. Chironomidae was the most abundant group during both breeding seasons and comprised more than half of the available prey. Arthropods were more numerous in the lower vegetation (0.3–3.0 m) than in the upper vegetation (7.0–9.0 m).Adult chironomids were the chief prey, comprising 58 and 56% of the diet in 1975 and 1976, respectively. The diets of males and females were similar throughout the breeding seasons. The prey consumed by yellow warblers varied temporally and spatially according to the arthropods available; prey was taken in proportion to its availability.Foraging males and females partitioned the habitat with respect to tree species, foraging height, tree section, height of tree selected, foraging methods, and length of movements between foraging bouts.

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