scholarly journals Histopathological changes in liver and kidney of sharptooth catfish fed on cooked Jatropha curcas seedmeal based diets

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Test Diet ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Introduction: Histology of the organs of fish species is important in the understanding of the pathological changes related to nutritional sources. This study evaluates the histopathological alteration in the liver and kidney of sharptooth catfish fed diets containing Jatropha curcas seedmeal in a 56-day feeding trial. Methods: Clarias gariepinus fingerlings of average weight 2.61±0.02g were acclimatized for a week, and allotted into five dietary treatments; containing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% Jatropha curcas seedmeal replacement levels for soybean meal respectively. Each treatment was replicated three times with fifteen fish per replicate. Fish were fed 5% body weight on two equal proportions per day. Histological assessment was conducted using standard procedure. Results: There were no lesions on the photomicrographs of the kidney of fish exposed to all the dietary treatments while moderate vacuolation of the hepatocytes was observed in the liver of fish fed diet D1-control diet. There were very prominent melanomicrophage centres in the liver of Clarias gariepinus fed test diet D3 with some hepatocytes which appeared vacuolated. The trend of vacuolation of hepatocytes of the liver among some treatments were not dietary related as no visible lesions were seen in the liver of fish fed test diets D2 ; D4 and D5. Significance: This study established that Jatropha curcas based diets exert hepatoprotective effect on the liver of fish fed with the diets.

Blood Profile and Selected Organ Histopathology of Balami Sheep Fed Shea Cake (Vitellaria paradoxa) Meal

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
D. O. Okunlola ◽  
M. D. Shittu ◽  
O. O. Olatunji ◽  
A. J. Amuda ◽  
B. O. Olateju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Representative Samples

The blood profile and histology of selected tissues (kidney, lungs, intestine, and epididymis) of Balami Sheep fed Shea Cake meal supplement was investigated. A total of thirty-two (32) sheep of the average weight range of 11.75-14.75kg comprising an equal number (16) of males and females were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized experimental design with eight sheep per treatment for twelve weeks duration. Treatment 1 (T1) was a control diet and had zero inclusion level of Shea cake meal (SCM), while treatments 2,3, and 4 had 10%,15%, and 20%  inclusion of SCM, respectively. At the twelfth week of the experiment, two blood samples of 5ml each were taken from each animal from the jugular vein. The first set was preserved in Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (EDTA) bottle for haematological parameters, while the second samples were preserved without EDTA for serum examination. Representative samples of tissues were randomly selected and slaughtered for gross microscopic examination. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) at various levels of inclusion for parameters investigated. The white blood cell (WBC), Red blood cell (RBC), and Packed cell volume (PCV) recorded the highest values at T3 (15% inclusion level) (13.42 x109/L), 2.92x1012/L, 3.75%, respectively). The serum parameters were significantly(p <0.05)different among the treatments. Total protein ranges from 54.78(mg/dl) (T1) - 60.51(mg/dl) (T2), Cholesterol70.15(mg/dl) (T1) - 78.00(mg/dl) (T4). Iron ranges from 58.15(ug/dl) (T1) - 62.88(ug/dl) (T3).The histopathology of tissues (kidney, lungs, intestine, and epididymis) showed no alteration across the treatments (P= .05) in the gross microscopic examinations. No lesion was observed in the lungs, kidney, epididymis, and intestine. The results showed that shea cake meal posed no health risk to Balami sheep and as such recommended as a good supplement in the diets of the sheep.

scholarly journals Effect of replacing maize with cassava/brewers dried yeast blend (Cassayeast) on performance of broiler chicks and feed cost in southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
B. M. Oruwari ◽  
A. O. Anibo ◽  
D. M. Nkanta
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Total Replacement ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Cost

A feeding trial using 240, day old Anak broiler chicks was conducted in which cassava meal (CM) completely replaced maize in the control diet (A) to formulate five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. Dried CM blended with brewers dried yeast (BDY) formed cassayeast with 2.704 parts of CM to 1 part of BDY. The (Cassayeast) CM and BDY blend in the dietary treatments, (B,C,D and E) were 30 CM + 11.1% BDY, 35 CM +12.94% BDY, 40 CM + 14.79% BDY, and 45 CM + 16.64% BDY, respectively, and these treatments had no maize. Dietary treatment A, containing maize, which served as the control had no cassayeast inclusion, thus demonstrating the total replacement of maize by cassayeast in the other dietary treatments. Results showed that significant of maize difference (P<0.5) were observed in the control and at in one cassayeast treatment in feed intake (4.43 as against 4.22kg), body weight (1.94 as against 1.65kg), efficiency of feed utilization (feed: gain ratio 2.19 as against 2.51; gain: feed ratio 0.49 as against 0.43), respectively. However, gizzard weights were not significant. Economic analysis showed that the cost of producing a bird with the maize based diet (A) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that with the cassayeast diets but there was not difference among the cassayeast diets (B-E). The maize based diet was most expensive (₦ 29.68 per kg diet) while diet C was the cheapest (₦ 25.57 per kg). The study demonstrated that the use of cassaveast has a place in the broiler industry, thus indicating that with proper protein balancing, cassava can completely replace maize in broiler diets.

Growth performance of weaner rabbits on diets containing varying levels of dried okra leaves (Abelmoschus esculentus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
A. A. Imade ◽  
C. F. I. Onwuka ◽  
V. A. Jegede ◽  
O. Y. Ayo-Ajasa ◽  
B. B. Sarumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Alternative Feed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The need to seek for alternative feed materials with nutritional and medicinal values to support livestock growth necessitated this study. Forty-five unsexed rabbits crosses (Chinchilla × Newzealand white) 5- 6 weeks old with average weight of 720g were used in a 10- week feeding trial to evaluate the performance of growing rabbits fed on varying levels of dried okra leaves. The rabbits were assigned into five treatment groups containing dried okra leaves (DOL) at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% inclusion levels for dietary treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) respectively. Each treatment consisted of 9 rabbits and replicated thrice with each replicate consisting of 3 rabbits in a completely randomized design. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results indicated that daily feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) largest in rabbits fed 5.00% inclusion level of dried okra leaves (84.57g) and least in rabbits fed 0.00% level of inclusion of dried okra leaves (72.12g). Feed efficiency (FE) was poorest (P<0.05) in rabbits fed 10.00% DOL (0.15%) and best (0.20%) in rabbits fed 2.50% dried okra leaves. It was concluded that okra leaves can be included in diets for growing rabbits and 2.50% level of dried okra leaves inclusion is recommended for adoption by farmers to maximize profit.

scholarly journals SHORT COMMUNICATION Performance of local fowls fed plantain peels meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
C. T. Ezeokeke
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Test Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Communication Performance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
And Control

Experiment was carried out to determine performance of day old local fowls, fed supplemented plantain peels meal (PPM). The birds were arranged in completely randomized design having six birds per replicate and two treatments comprising one test diet and one control diet. At starter phase, all the parameters (body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio) measured were not significant (p>0.05). The birds on the test diet had average initial weight, 42.00g while that of the control had average weight, 43.75g and at 5 weeks of age average weights of 133.30g and 134.54g (p>0.05) ,respectively. At the finisher phase, all the parameters measured were not significant (p>0.5). The prices per kg of feed for the test and control diets were N93.05 and N95.05, respectively. Therefore, PPM inclusion fed at early stage of life of the birds enhanced performance at a lower cost.

scholarly journals Growth, nutrient utilization, body composition, hematology and histopathology of the liver of Clarias gariepinus fed cooked sunflower based diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-351
Author(s):  
Wasiu Adeyemi Jimoh
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Randomized Design

This study investigated the use of cooked sunflower seed meal as soybean meal replacer in Clarias gariepinus diet in a 56-day feeding trial using growth performance, nutrient utilization, body composition, digestibility, haematology and liver histology as indices of assessment. Sunflower seed meal was cooked for 10, 20 and 30 minutes. Each of the differently cooked sunflower seed meal replaced soybean meal portion of control diet at 15, 30 and 45% to produce nine 40% crude protein, 18kj/kg test diets. A diet without sunflower meal served as the control. Triplicate groups of fish in 70-litre capacity aerated rectangular plastic tanks were alloted to each dietary treatment at a stocking rate of 15 fingerlings (3.72±0.22g average weight) per tank in a completely randomized design. Fish were fed to satiation. Data obtained from the experiment were subjected to statistical analysis. The results of the experiment revealed that up to 30% replacement level of 10- and 20-minutes cooked sunflower produced a statistically similar results with soybean-based control diets.

scholarly journals Growth performance and nutrient utilization of post fingerlings Clarias gariepinus fed varied levels of biscuit waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
O. T. Agbebi ◽  
S. O. Sofela ◽  
M. A. Idowu ◽  
A. O. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Inclusion Level

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of biscuit waste meal on the growth performance and utilization of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. A total of 300 juveniles of average weight 8.85g were randomly divided into five Treatments, each Treatment had three replicates. Twenty juveniles were distributed into each happa (0.7m3). The happa were suspended to ¾ of their volume using kuralon ropes carefully tied round the bamboo poles across the concrete tanks. Five diets containing 40% crude protein were formulated in which maize was replaced with biscuit waste meal at treatment; Diet 1 (TD1) 0%, 25% (TD2), 50% (TD3), 75% (TD4), 100% (TD5) levels. The fish were fed at 3% body weight per day for 10weeks. The results showed that biscuit waste was most suitable as an energy supplement when incorporated at 25% replacement (TD2) with maize. TD1 had the highest weight gain followed by TD2, TD3, TD4 and TD5 respectively. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the growth response in TD1 (0%), TD2 (25%) and TD3 (50%). It is therefore concluded that biscuit waste meal is a cheap source of non conventional energy source which can be used favorably to replace maize (25% inclusion level) as an energy source in the diets of C. gariepinus.

scholarly journals Histology, serum biochemistry and haematological profiles of Clarias gariepinus fed diets containing Luffa cylindrica seedmeal

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
W.A. Jimoh ◽  
M.O. Shittu ◽  
A.A. Ayeloja ◽  
S.A. Abdulsalami
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Formulated Diets ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Excretory Organ ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract. A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of processing time, inclusion level and/or their interactions on serum biochemistry, haematology and histology of the liver and kidney of Clarias gariepinus fed diets containing Luffa cylindrica seedmeal. The five formulated diets were designated as control (CTR) and tested, replaced at 15 and 30% by 5- and 10-min toasted Luffa cylindrica seedmeal (D515T, D530T, D1015T and D1030T). The experimental design followed a 2×2 factorial experiment in a completely randomised design; the processing time of 5- and 10-min toasting and inclusion level of 15 and 30% serves as factors. Triplicate groups of each treatment were made. Blood sampling, harvesting of organs, serum biochemistry, histology and haematological studies followed standard procedures. The results of the study showed that the effect of processing time, inclusion level and their interactions had significant impact (p<0.05) on Clarias gariepinus. A decrease in RBC, PCV and Hb was observed when compared with control for inclusion level, processing time and/or their interaction. Total protein, albumin and globulin of the blood of fish fed diet CTR was not significantly different (p>0.05) from that of the blood of the fish fed D1015T. Mild to moderate vacuolation of the hepatocytes were recorded among the livers of fish fed control and test dietary treatments except those fed D1030T that recorded very severe vacuolation of the hepatocytes. The kidney, being the excretory organ, was also affected. However, normal cell architecture was recorded in fish fed CTR, D530T and D1030T.

scholarly journals Effects of Purified Jatropha curcas Seed Oil-Based Diet on Growth Performance and Hematological Parameters of Albino Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Maiyaki-Musa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Test Diet

The effect of inclusion of Jatropha curcas seed oil, as a source of oil in the feed of animal, on growth performance, hematological parameters and histology was investigated. Feed intake, average body weight gain and mortality were also monitored. Milled Jatropha curcas seeds were subjected to oil extraction using batch method. Hematological parameters were determined using standard operating procedures. Twenty weanling albino rats with mean weights ranging from 41.57± 7.90 g, were divided into two groups. The first group was placed on soybean oil-based (control) diet (4% oil) while the second group was placed on Jatropha curcas seed oil-based diet (4% oil), for four weeks. There was a significant higher difference (P<0.05) in the growth performance of rats fed the control diet when compared with the test group. The animals placed on the control diet showed significantly higher (P<0.05) body weight when compared with the test diet during the last week of experimentation and this might be due to the low digestibility of the Jatropha curcas seed oil-based diet. The result also shows a higher percentage mortality in the group fed the test diet when compared with those fed the control diet. Hematological parameters did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in both the control and test diets respectively but a significantly higher difference in neutrophils of those fed the control diet when compared with those fed test diet. This may signify that continuous ingestion of Jatropha curcas seed oil may reduce the body’s immunity against infections. The histological assessment of liver, kidney, heart and small intestine revealed no visible lesion. Overall, the result showed that Jatropha curcas seed oil has the potential of been a source of oil in animal diet if complete detoxification can be achieved.

scholarly journals Etude Préliminaire De La Valorisation Des Tourteaux D’hévéa, D’anacarde Et De Pourghère Chez Les Porcs Durant La Gestation Et La Lactation

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (30) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Kone Gningnini Alain ◽  
KouakouN’Goran David Vincent ◽  
Angbo-KouakouCho Euphrasie Monique ◽  
Kouame Kouadio Bertin ◽  
Yeboue François de Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Persistent Diarrhea ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pig Feed ◽  
Daily Gain

The enhancement the cake of cashew kernels downgraded (Anacardium occidentale) (TA), the detoxified cake of kernels rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) (TH) and jatropha (Jatropha curcas) (TJ) in pig feed, was study on 21 pregnant gilts (73.4±8.1 kg). These females randomly distributed by group of three, received control diet (RT) and six other diets containing 7.5% or 15% of TA (RTA7.5 and RTA15), 7.5% or 15% of TH (RTH7.5 and RTH15) or 7.5% or 15% of TJ (RTJ7.5 and RTJ15). During the trial of 152 days, gilts under RTJ15 regime and two gilts under RTJ7.5 regime were withdrawn after respectively 14 and 21 days’ supply due to a persistent diarrhea. The latest gilt under RTJ7.5 had aborted at 90 days of gestation. No significant difference was observed on the average litter size (9.2 piglets). The average weight of piglets at birth ranged from 1.3±0.2 kg (RTA15) and 1.1±0.2 kg (RTH7.5), while the average daily gain (ADG) of

NUTRIENT INTAKE, GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS YIELD OF WEANER RABBITS FED GRADED LEVELS OF DRIED CITRUS (C. sinensis) PULP

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
O. O ONI ◽  
O. M.O, IDOWU ◽  
J. A. OLANITE ◽  
A. M. BAMGBOSE
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A study was conducted to investigate the response of weaner rabbits to graded dietary replacement of wheat offal with dried citrus pulp (DCP) at 0, 10, 20 and 30% (weight/weight) respectively .A total of Sixty-four, male and female weaner rabbits of 56 days old, were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments with sixteen rabbits each and consisting of four rabbits per replicate in a completely ran- domized design. The study lasted for 112 days during which data was obtained on nutrient intake, performance characteristics and carcass yield. The crude protein intake of the rabbits decreased (P<0.05) significantly as the DCP inclusion in the diets increased. There were significant (P<0.01) differences in the values obtained for the final weight, total weight gain, average weight gain, meta- bolic weight gain and growth rate across the treatment groups. The growth rate was 10.29 g/d in the control fed rabbits but further decreased with increasing level of DCP in the diets with values of 11.29, 6.30 and 5.80g/d obtained respectively for rabbit fed with 10%, 20%, and 30% DCP inclusion level. The lowest feed conversion ratio was obtained at the 0% level of DCP inclusion. The retail cut parts indicated a significant (P<0.05) difference in the values for rack and ranged from 11.92 to 18.06g. It was concluded that although, rabbits fed with control diet had the highest overall performance, 10% dietary inclusion of DCP supported improved growth and better carcass yield.

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