scholarly journals Effect of replacing maize with cassava/brewers dried yeast blend (Cassayeast) on performance of broiler chicks and feed cost in southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
B. M. Oruwari ◽  
A. O. Anibo ◽  
D. M. Nkanta
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Total Replacement ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Cost

A feeding trial using 240, day old Anak broiler chicks was conducted in which cassava meal (CM) completely replaced maize in the control diet (A) to formulate five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. Dried CM blended with brewers dried yeast (BDY) formed cassayeast with 2.704 parts of CM to 1 part of BDY. The (Cassayeast) CM and BDY blend in the dietary treatments, (B,C,D and E) were 30 CM + 11.1% BDY, 35 CM +12.94% BDY, 40 CM + 14.79% BDY, and 45 CM + 16.64% BDY, respectively, and these treatments had no maize. Dietary treatment A, containing maize, which served as the control had no cassayeast inclusion, thus demonstrating the total replacement of maize by cassayeast in the other dietary treatments. Results showed that significant of maize difference (P<0.5) were observed in the control and at in one cassayeast treatment in feed intake (4.43 as against 4.22kg), body weight (1.94 as against 1.65kg), efficiency of feed utilization (feed: gain ratio 2.19 as against 2.51; gain: feed ratio 0.49 as against 0.43), respectively. However, gizzard weights were not significant. Economic analysis showed that the cost of producing a bird with the maize based diet (A) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that with the cassayeast diets but there was not difference among the cassayeast diets (B-E). The maize based diet was most expensive (₦ 29.68 per kg diet) while diet C was the cheapest (₦ 25.57 per kg). The study demonstrated that the use of cassaveast has a place in the broiler industry, thus indicating that with proper protein balancing, cassava can completely replace maize in broiler diets.

scholarly journals Haematological and serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens fed roselle seed (Hibiscus sabdariffa l.) cake based diet as replacement for soyabean meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
J. C. Ezike ◽  
W. Amaduruonye ◽  
J. Nathaniel ◽  
G. Daniel-Igwe,
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Feeding trial experiment was carried out to evaluate the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens fed graded levels of Roselle Seed Cake (RSC) as replacement of a conventional protein source. Proximate composition was done to determine the nutrient content of RSC and experimental diets. The experiment contained graded levels of RSC replacing soya bean cake (SBC). One hundred and twenty (120) day old Ross broiler chickens were used in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The broiler chicks were assigned to five dietary treatments with three replicates each with 8 birds per replicate and 24 birds per treatment. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated for the broiler straight diet. Diet 1 served asthe control diet while diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained 8%, 16%, 24% and 32% RSC respectively. Data were collected and analyzed using analysis of variance and the mean was separated using Duncan multiple range test. The findings from the study showed that there were no significant (P?0.05) differences in all the parameters measured for haematology across dietary treatment means except for the white blood cell. The blood biochemical composition showed no significant (P?0.05) differences in total protein, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and creatinine across dietary treatments. RSC as an alternative feedstuff can replace soya bean cake at 24% in the diet of broiler chickens for improved haematological and blood biochemical of broilers. Roselle seed cake can replace SBC at the broiler chicken straight ration at 75% (24% dietary RSC) inclusion for better performance.

scholarly journals Effect of raw and processed cowpea on growth and heamatological profile of broiler chicken

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
AM Akanji ◽  
OE Fasina ◽  
AM Ogungbesan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A study was carried out to look at the utilization of cowpea based diets on performance characteristics and haematology of broiler chickens.  Raw cowpea, dehulled cowpea, dehulled cooked cowpea and dehulled roasted cowpea grains were fed to broiler chickens in an eight week feeding trial. A total of two hundred (200) day old unsexed broiler chicks of Marshall strain were allotted into five dietary treatments.?Feed intake and growth were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in birds fed raw cowpea and dehulled cowpea respectively. The feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER)  also followed a similar pattern. Non significant (P > 0.05) differences were however obtained in weight gain, FCE and PER of birds fed control diet and those fed dehulled cooked cowpea in this study. Birds fed dehulled roasted cowpea also had marginal reductions in weight gain, FCE and PER when compared to those fed dehulled cooked cowpea based diet. The haematological studies showed lower (P < 0.05) values of haemoglobin, red blood cells, packed cell volume and white blood cells of birds fed raw cowpea and dehulled cowpea respectively. The best significant indices in this study were however obtained in birds fed dehulled cooked cowpea.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (1): 62-68

scholarly journals MAIZE /SORGHUM - BASED DRIED BREWERS' GRAINS IN BROILER FINISHER DIETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
M. C. UCHEGBU ◽  
A. B. I. UDEDIBIE
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Replacement Level ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Substitution Level ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Finisher Diets

A 4- - day feeding trial was conducted to dermine the optianal substitution level of maize/sorghum - hased dried brewers' grains (MSDBG) for maize in broiler finisher diets. Six experimental broiler finisher diets were formulated such that 25%, 50% and 75% of the maize in diet 1 (the control) were replaced with MSDBG in diets 2, 3, and 4, respectively while diets 5 and 6 were like 3 and 4, respectievly but fortified with 4% palm oil,. Each diet was fed to a group of 48 broiler chicks for 40 days (week 4 to week 10 of age). There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences among the groups in growth rate (43,95, 45,52, 45,11, 43,01, 45,80 and 43,92g/day, respectively). At replacement levels of 50% and 75% with or without palm oil, the birds consumed significantly (P < 0.05) more feed than the group on the control diet (140.0, 151.4, 177.3, 174. 6, 174.2, 167.1 g/day, respectively). feed conversion ratio of the MSDRG groups was consequently sigificantly (P < 0.05) inferior to the control. Addition of palm oil did not produce any notiocable effect on te performance of the birds. Feed cost for production of a kilogram of brioler was markedly reduced at the 75% replacement level.  

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF LEUCAENA LEAF MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT IN BROILER FINISHER RATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
S.A.O. DADA ◽  
L. A. ATANDA ◽  
B. E. ALABI
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Cost

Ninety finisher broiler birds averaging 586.06g and 28-days old were randomly assigned into three dietary treatments in which multipurpose tree (MPT) - Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal (LLM) replaced soybean meal (SBM) at levels of 0.00, 5.25 and 10.50% for a period of 42 days using performance characteristics and economy of production as assessment criteria Birds fed the 0% LLM (diet Aland 10.50% LLM (diet C) consumed more (P .05) feed than the birds fed 5.25% LLM (diet B). Average daily weight gain (ADG) of birds fed diet A was significantly (P<0.05) higher than ADG of birds fed diet C and birds fed diet B recorded the least (P<0.05) ADG. However, the efficiency of feed utilization were similar (P>0.05) among birds fed the three diets. The cost of feed intake per live weight gained of birds fed 5.25%. LLM inclusion was higher than the value obtained for birds fed the control diet by 1.65% but birds fed 10.5% LLM inclusion recorded a 4.56% reduction value over birds fed (control) diet A. 

Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Meats of the Indonesian Indigenous Crossbred Chickens Fed Fermented Mixture of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Leaf and Seed Meal

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The objective of this present study was to investigate the effect of feeding fermented mixture of papaya leaf and seed meal (FERM) on the physical and chemical characteristics of meats of the Indonesian indigenous crossbred chicken (IICC). The study was carried out with 300 day-old IICC. The chicks were randomly distributed to five treatment groups, i.e., CONT (control diet based on corn-soybean- diet), FERMA (diet containing 1% FERM), FERMB (2.5% FERM), FERMC (5% FERM) and FERMD (7.5% FERM). Each treatment group consisted of 6 replicates with 10 IICC in each. At week 8, one chick from each replicate was randomly taken and slaughtered. After being de-feathered and eviscerated, samples from breast and thigh meats were obtained. Results showed that the increased levels of FERM was followed by the increased (P<0.05) pH values, moisture and crude protein content of breast meats of the IICC. Dietary incorporation of FERM especially at the level of 2.5% increased (P<0.05) the content of fat in the breast meat of IICC, while further increased levels of FERM did not alter (P>0.05) the fat content of the IICC breast meat. Dietary treatment did not have any effect (P>0.05) on the lightness (L*) values of breast meat of the IICC. The redness (a*) values were higher (P<0.05) in FERMD breast meat than other. FERM diet resulted in lower (P<0.05) yellowness (b*) values in the IICC breast meat. The pH values and moisture content of thigh meat increased (P<0.05) with the increased level of FERM. The WHC decreased (P<0.05) with the elevated levels of FERM in the diets. There was an increase (P<0.05) in crude protein concentration in FERMA as compared to the other meats. Crude fat and ash concentrations in thigh meat were affected (P<0.05) by the treatments. Dietary treatments had no impact (P>0.05) on L* values of thigh meats. Feeding FERM at 7.5% from diets increased (P<0.05) and decreased (P<0.05) the redness and yellowness of meats. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of FERM especially at the level of 7.5% from diets improved the physical and chemical characteristics of the IICC meats.

Feeding performance of juvenile marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata Bleeker, 1852) fed acidified diets

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Leong-Seng Lim ◽  
Chui-Fen Teoh ◽  
Gunzo Kawamura ◽  
Annita Seok-Kian Yong ◽  
Rossita Shapawi
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Feeding Performance ◽  
Daily Ingestion ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Ingestion Ratio ◽  
And Control

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the feeding performance of juvenile marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata) on acidified diets. Five fish meal-based diets at various pH levels (2.5, 3.2, 4.3, 5.3, and 6.0 (control)) were prepared, and each of them was fed to 10 wild-caught O. marmorata juveniles (body length 7.7–9.3 cm; each fish was placed in an aquarium, hence each dietary treatment was in 10 replicates) for 20 days. Throughout the feeding trial, O. marmorata juveniles showed clear increments in the daily ingestion ratio (IR) values of AD 2.5, AD 3.2, and AD 4.3. The control diet and AD 5.3 were almost totally rejected by the fish. On day 20, the IR of AD 2.5 (0.46) and AD 3.2 (0.36) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of AD 5.3 (0.1) and the control diet (0.02). In addition, 70% of fish fed AD 2.5 achieved a high IR value (0.6 – 1.0), and this was the best result among all the treatments (AD 3.2, 60%; AD 4.3 50%; AD 5.3 and control, 10%). These results suggested that acidified diets can be used to wean O. marmorata juveniles, and the recommended pH level was 2.5.

scholarly journals 349 The use of low antioxidant mineral concentrations in the growing diet as a method to increase marbling deposition in feedlot cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 141-142
Author(s):  
Jerad R Jaborek ◽  
Alejandro E Relling
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The presence of reactive oxygen species has been associated with the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into lipid filled mature adipocytes in vitro. We hypothesized offering a diet without supplemental antioxidant minerals (Cu, Mg, Zn, and Se) to steers during the growing phase, a time when intramuscular fat cells are believed to be proliferating, would promote differentiation of pre-adipocytes, leading to more desirable marbling scores compared with steers supplemented to meet their mineral requirements. After adaptation to the feedlot, 168 Sim-Angus steers were divided into four weight blocks, placed in one of twenty-four pens, and randomly assigned a dietary treatment. Dietary treatments were: 1) no supplemental (Cu, Mg, Zn, and Se) minerals; 2) control diet with supplemented minerals to meet the mineral requirements of growing beef steers (NRC, 2016); 3) Cu, Mg, Zn, and Se concentrations supplemented at twice the concentration of the control diet. After dietary treatments were applied for the 4-wk long growing phase, steers were offered a common finishing diet until reaching a similar backfat thickness until harvest. Feedlot performance and carcass data were analyzed in SAS with pen as the experimental unit in the following model: Yij = μ+Di+wj+eij, where Di was the fixed effect of diet, wj was the random effect of weight block, and eij was the random error. No significant (P > 0.35) treatment effects were found for feedlot performance and carcass measurements. The feedstuffs in the basal diet may have contained sufficient concentrations of antioxidant minerals to meet the mineral requirements of the steers and mask differences in marbling. Additionally, offering a similar diet during the finishing period may have resulted in compensatory marbling growth, which offset marbling differences after the growing phase and resulted in uniform marbling accumulation across dietary treatments.

Re-evaluation of the vitamin E requirements of juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ✕ O. aureus)

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Shiau ◽  
L. F. Shiau
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Protein Deposition

AbstractA 10-week feeding trial was conducted to re-evaluate the level of dietary vitamin E (DL- α-tocopheryl acetate) that was adequate for juvenile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus ✕ O. aureus given diets containing two dietary lipid concentrations. Purified diets with eight levels of vitamin E (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 400 mg/kg diet) at either 50 or 120 g lipid per kg were each given to three replicate groups of tilapia (mean weight: 0·69 (s.e.0·02) g) reared in a closed, recirculating system. Food efficiency and protein deposition were significantly (P < 0·05) higher in fish given 50 mg vitamin E per kg diet and 75 mg/kg diet in the 50 and 120 g lipid per kg groups respectively, compared with fish given the unsupplemented control diet. Mortality of fish was not affected by dietary treatment. Weight gain and liver microsomal ascorbic acid-stimulated lipid peroxidation data analysed by broken-line regression indicated that the optimum dietary vitamin E requirements in juvenile tilapia are 42 to 44 mg vitamin E per kg and 60 to 66 mg vitamin E per kg in 50 and 120 g lipid per kg diets, respectively.

Effects of spray-dried colostrum and plasmas on the performance and gut morphology of broiler chickens

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. King ◽  
V. Ravindran ◽  
P. C. H. Morel ◽  
D. V. Thomas ◽  
M. J. Birtles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Gut Morphology ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Spray Dried

The influence of feeding with starter diets containing spray-dried bovine colostrum (SBC), spray-dried bovine plasma (SBP), or spray-dried porcine plasma (SPP) on the growth performance and gut morphology of broiler chickens was investigated. The crude protein, lysine, and methionine plus cystine contents (g/kg as received) of SBC, SBP, and SPP were determined to be 766, 736, and 684; 58, 61, and 55; and 27, 28, and 24, respectively. The 3 test proteins were incorporated into a maize–soybean meal diet at a level of 50 g/kg and fed to 6 replicates of 8 male broiler chicks from 1 to 14 days of age. On Day 14, the experimental diets were replaced with a common grower-finisher diet, which was offered until Day 35. Dietary treatments had no effect (P > 0.05) on the weight gain or feed intake of birds during the first 14 days. However, feed/gain of birds fed the SBC diet was lower (P < 0.05) than of those fed the control diet. A trend for a reduction in feed/gain (P = 0.06) was observed in SBP and SPP diets. Dietary treatments had no effect (P > 0.05) on performance during Days 14–35 or Days 1–35. Villus height was increased by 5.7% (P < 0.05) and 4.6% (P = 0.05) in birds fed the SPP and SBP diets, respectively, compared with those fed the control diet. Crypt depth was 6% greater (P < 0.05) in birds fed the SPP diet and tended (P = 0.08) to be greater in birds fed the SBC diet, compared with birds fed the control. The ratio of villus height to crypt depth tended (P = 0.06) to be lower in birds offered the SBC diet compared with the control. Crypt goblet cell density was reduced (P < 0.05) by 13.9% in birds fed the SBC diet, compared with control birds. These results suggest that feeding with diets containing the SBC, SBP, and SPP during 1–14 days of age has some beneficial effects on broiler chickens. Further studies are needed to evaluate these products in less sanitary environments, which may increase the positive responses.

scholarly journals FEED UTILIZATION: PRINCIPLES AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN PHYSIOLOGY

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. PHILLIPS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Digestive Efficiency ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Ruminal Microorganisms ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Ultimate Concern ◽  
The Cost

Feed efficiency should be taken in a wider context than the familiar feed to gain ratios which are used extensively. For the producer it is total cost of the feed versus the value of the product which is of ultimate concern. Improving feed cost efficiency can be achieved, for instance, by improving reproductive performance or by producing a product which has a higher market value, neither of which may necessarily increase the cost of feed. In considering feed utilization per se there are several levels of activity which may be subject to manipulation to improve efficiency. Administration of hormones, or hormone-like substances has long been in vogue. Some have proved useful such as estrogenic and androgenic agents whereas thyroproteins have not been proven to be of value. Growth hormone alone and in its interactions with somatostatin or insulin hold promise for improved feed efficiency. Another area of current interest is that of the neurohormonal system involving, for instance, the hypothalamic secretions and melatonin. Biotechnology processes such as gene transfer and cloning are creating much excitement. Genetic engineering of rumen, or extra ruminal, microorganisms may well become factors in improving feed efficiency. Key words: Feed efficiency, nutrient utilization, growth hormone, biotechnology, digestive efficiency

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