scholarly journals Bridging Captive and Wild Studies: Behavioral Plasticity and Social Complexity in Theropithecus gelada

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 3003
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Palagi ◽  
Thore J. Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Plasticity ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Cognitive Ethology ◽  
Theropithecus Gelada ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Behavioral Tendencies

Cognitive ethology explores the ability of animals to flexibly adapt their behavior to rapid physical and social environment fluctuations. Although there is a historical dichotomy between field and captive studies, recently, a growing interest in questions that sit at the intersection of cognitive and adaptive perspectives has helped bridge this divide. By focusing on Theropithecus gelada, we discuss the three main reasons why this hybrid approach is extremely successful. First, captive and wild studies provide data at different social, spatial, and temporal scales that can be synthesized to give a fuller picture of the behavior. Secondly, apparently conflicting results from captive and wild settings are powerful tools to explore behavioral flexibility and latent behavioral tendencies. Third, the different settings provide ways of validating and exploring behaviors that are noticed in the other setting. Although we were able to bring together our captive and wild research to demonstrate these ideas, we could have obtained a more integrated vision on the proximate and ultimate gelada behavioral and cognitive strategies if we had considered this hybrid approach from the beginning. We hope that this manuscript stimulates scholars in designing their studies by taking into account the incredible potential of a complementary captive-wild research approach.

Phenotypic plasticity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen D. Williams ◽  
Marla B. Sokolowski
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Behavioral Plasticity ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Insect Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Variability ◽  
Gene By Environment Interactions ◽  
Affect Gene Expression

Why is there so much variation in insect behavior? This chapter will address the sources of behavioral variability, with a particular focus on phenotypic plasticity. Variation in social, nutritional, and seasonal environmental contexts during development and adulthood can give rise to phenotypic plasticity. To delve into mechanism underlying behavioral flexibility in insects, examples of polyphenisms, a type of phenotypic plasticity, will be discussed. Selected examples reveal that environmental change can affect gene expression, which in turn can affect behavioral plasticity. These changes in gene expression together with gene-by-environment interactions are discussed to illuminate our understanding of insect behavioral plasticity.

Behavioral flexibility in Belief-Desire- Intention (BDI) architectures

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-377
Author(s):  
Adel Saadi ◽  
Ramdane Maamri ◽  
Zaidi Sahnoun
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Simple Experiment ◽  
Bdi Agents ◽  
Popular Approach ◽  
Other Hand

The Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) model is a popular approach to design flexible agents. The key ingredient of BDI model, that contributed to concretize behavioral flexibility, is the inclusion of the practical reasoning. On the other hand, researchers signaled some missing flexibility’s ingredient, in BDI model, essentially the lack of learning. Therefore, an extensive research was conducted in order to extend BDI agents with learning. Although this latter body of research is important, the key contribution of BDI model, i.e., practical reasoning, did not receive a sufficient attention. For instance, for performance reasons, some of the concepts included in the BDI model are neglected by BDI architectures. Neglecting these concepts was criticized by some researchers, as the ability of the agent to reason will be limited, which eventually leads to a more or less flexible reasoning, depending on the concepts explicitly included. The current paper aims to stimulate the researchers to re-explore the concretization of practical reasoning in BDI architectures. Concretely, this paper aims to stimulate a critical review of BDI architectures regarding the flexibility, inherent from the practical reasoning, in the context of single agents, situated in an environment which is not associated with uncertainty. Based on this review, we sketch a new orientation and some suggested improvements for the design of BDI agents. Finally, a simple experiment on a specific case study is carried out to evaluate some suggested improvements, namely the contribution of the agent’s “well-informedness” in the enhancement of the behavioral flexibility.

scholarly journals Test-driven development with mutation testing – an experimental study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Roman ◽  
Michal Mnich
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Mutation Testing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Driving Factor ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Test Driven Development ◽  
Code Coverage ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
Cross Experiment

AbstractTest-driven development (TDD) is a popular design approach used by the developers with testing being the important software development driving factor. On the other hand, mutation testing is considered one of the most effective testing techniques. However, there is not so much research on combining these two techniques together. In this paper, we propose a novel, hybrid approach called TDD+M which combines test-driven development process together with the mutation approach. The aim was to check whether this modified approach allows the developers to write a better quality code. We verify our approach by conducting a controlled experiment and we show that it achieves better results than the sole TDD technique. The experiment involved 22 computer science students split into eight groups. Four groups (TDD+M) were using our approach, the other four (TDD) – a normal TDD process. We performed a cross-experiment by measuring the code coverage and mutation coverage for each combination (code of group X, tests from group Y). The TDD+M tests achieved better coverage on the code from TDD groups than the TDD tests on their own code (53.3% vs. 33.5% statement coverage and 64.9% vs. 37.5% mutation coverage). The TDD+M tests also found more post-release defects in the TDD code than TDD tests in the TDD+M code. The experiment showed that adding mutation into the TDD process allows the developers to provide better, stronger tests and to write a better quality code.

The Entanglements of Ethnography and Participatory Action Research (PAR) in Educational Research in North America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Eisenhart
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
North America ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
The Past

The traditions of ethnography and participatory action research (PAR) have different roots and different priorities, but their trajectories have become entangled in educational research over the past halfcentury. In many ways, ethnography and PAR are compatible. Both make participants’ perspectives central to the research. Both rely primarily on qualitative methods. Both are ethically committed to appreciating cultural differences and promoting the welfare of the groups they work with. Taken together, each adds something important to the other: PAR offers ethnography a “stance toward research” that is more democratic and action-oriented than traditional ethnography; ethnography lends PAR legitimacy as a research approach. Nonetheless, differences between the two create contradictions and tensions when they are combined. While educational researchers remain enthusiastic about the potential of combining activism with cultural analysis, it is important not to collapse ethnography and participatory action research, or privilege one over the other, but to find productive ways to move forward with the tensions between them.

scholarly journals ‘n Videogebaseerde tutor onderrig- en ondersteuningsprogram vir eerstejaar verpleegkunde studente

Curationis ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Du Rand ◽  
E. M. Bitzer
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
High Risk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Video Lectures ◽  
Action Research Approach ◽  
Method Of Instruction ◽  
High Risk Students

A video-based method of instruction was introduced to develop students academically as well as to implement parallel medium instruction. An action research approach was followed Lectures were video-taped beforehand and worked through with the students by a tutor in scheduled Afrikaans or English periods. Simultaneously a live class situation was handled by the lecturer in the other language. Over and above these methods additional video-based support sessions were conducted by tutors for high risk students. A survey indicated that 85% of students were satisfied with this method of instruction. The perceptions of high risk students to VSI were positive and they passed the examinations. Video lectures need to be carefully planned in order to be acceptable as one of a number of possible instruction methods at a multi-cultural university.

scholarly journals Algorithm for Identifying Objects in The Relief Image Using Watershed Segmentation

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
Karina Auliasari ◽  
Mira Orisa
Keyword(s):  
Edge Detection ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Experimental Parameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Images ◽  
Segmentation Result ◽  
Watershed Segmentation ◽  
Watershed Transform

This study aims to automate the process of understanding temple relief, despite the difficulties to analyze the contents of natural images. Three preprocessing stages are develop in this research namely edge detection based on convolution (EC), edge detection based on gaussian (EG) and Hybrid which is a combination between edge detection based on convolution and gaussian. These algorithm is to support the operation of Watershed transform to segment relief images. A set of relief images obtained from several temples near Malang City are used in this experiment. Two experimental parameter are develop in order to measure the performance of these algorithm, namely number of object and quality of retrieval from segmentation result. The result of experiment show that hybrid approach deliver the best performances compare the other approaches.

scholarly journals A Two-level Calculus for Composing Hybrid QVT Transformations

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Pons ◽  
Roxana Giandini ◽  
Gabriela Pérez ◽  
Gabriel Baum
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
The Other ◽  
Model Transformations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Transformation Approach ◽  
Compositional Approaches ◽  
Composition Technique

The standard for model transformations QVT offers two dialects: Relations Language andOperational Mappings Language. Each one of these dialects can be used in isolation, resulting inpurely declarative transformations or purely imperative transformation respectively; alternatively, bothdialects can be combined resulting in a hybrid transformation approach. On the other hand, theavailability of compositional approaches to produce complex transformations from smaller units is amajor concern in the area of model transformations. Compositional approaches for pure QVTtransformations are supported by a number of tools; however no composition technique exists that canconsistently manage the hybrid approach. Such partial techniques provide suitable answers to mostpractical needs; but they do not cover the entire composition spectrum. The aim of this article is todescribe a technique for composing model transformations embracing both dimensions - declarativeand imperative - so that the hybrid approach can be smoothly supported. Additionally, we report theimplementation of a software tool supporting such technique and we sketch its validation.

scholarly journals Musik bukan Pekerjaan: Distingsi dan Transgresi dalam Karier Bermusik Musisi Metal Ekstrem Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Agustinus Aryo Lukisworo ◽  
Oki Rahadianto Sutopo
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Youth Culture ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
Youth Transition ◽  
Extreme Metal ◽  
The One ◽  
Concrete Reality

This article focuses on the separation between music and work that has been done by Yogyakarta’ extreme metal musician. Along with a deeper explanation of youth cultural practices in Yogyakarta, this article also provides a gap bridge between youth culture and youth transition perspective. In order to obtain those purposes, this article utilizes youth culture perspective and youth transition perspective approach, together with field and doxa. Regarding the research method, this article uses qualitative ethnographic approach and has been done through six months data collecting. This research approach was chosen in order to capture the concrete reality that has been experienced by research informants. Based on the findings analysis, which has been done both textually and interpretively, the separation between music and work among informants, on the one hand could be understood as a strategy to maintain informants' pride within the extreme metal scene. On the other hand, this separation also could be defined as a strategy to maintain informants' social position, especially as Indonesian middle class.

scholarly journals Om humaniora og samfundsvidenskab: konkurrens, konvergens eller hvad?

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Margareta Bertilsson
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
The Social

The Humanities and Social Science: Convergence, Competition or What? The logic of the humanities and the social sciences, however embedded they are at the present, can be conceived of as two distinct and competing research strategies that developed antagonistically with he onset of modernity. The two distinct research strategies are those of historicism and positivism respectively. In the case of sociology the two strategies were in ardent strife and depending upon local conditions. The discipline of sociology evolved in accordance with one or the other of the two overriding cognitive strategies. The article addresses the origin of the strife between positivism and historicism and seeks to trace its modern forms of representation.

scholarly journals Collaborative Leadership of Wali Nagari in Mitigation of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Nagari Rancak

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Syamsu Rizaldi ◽  
Ria Ariany ◽  
Annisa Aulia Putri
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Collaborative Leadership ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Leadership Model ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
The Village

The COVID-19 Pandemic has struck many countries, including Indonesia. The Indonesian government has created and implemented various policies in dealing with this epidemic, from the central government to the villages. The COVID-19 pandemic response at the local level is regulated in a Village Minister Circular Number 8 of 2020. In tackling the outbreak at the village level, leadership that can embrace all stakeholders is required. This study examines further the collaborative leadership of Wali Nagari in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic in Nagari Rancak in West Sumatra Province. The research approach used was qualitative with descriptive analysis. The research was conducted in five villages in West Sumatra Province. Data collection techniques in the form of interviews and documentation. This study concluded that the three Nagari Rancak, namely Nagari Batu Bulek, Nagari Sungayang, and Nagari Pakan Sinayan, did not apply collaborative leadership to the maximum, while the other two Nagaris, namely the Nyalo IV Koto Mudiek River Village and the Taram Nagari, had implemented a collaborative leadership model. With collaborative leadership, the Nagari’s Wali (leaders) could cover the limitations to overcome COVID-19 impacts in the village.

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