scholarly journals Acoustic and Genetic Data Can Reduce Uncertainty Regarding Populations of Migratory Tree-Roosting Bats Impacted by Wind Energy

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Hale ◽  
Cris D. Hein ◽  
Bethany R. Straw
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lasiurus Cinereus ◽  
Acoustic Data

Wind turbine-related mortality may pose a population-level threat for migratory tree-roosting bats, such as the hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) in North America. These species are dispersed within their range, making it impractical to estimate census populations size using traditional survey methods. Nonetheless, understanding population size and trends is essential for evaluating and mitigating risk from wind turbine mortality. Using various sampling techniques, including systematic acoustic sampling and genetic analyses, we argue that building a weight of evidence regarding bat population status and trends is possible to (1) assess the sustainability of mortality associated with wind turbines; (2) determine the level of mitigation required; and (3) evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation measures to ensure population viability for these species. Long-term, systematic data collection remains the most viable option for reducing uncertainty regarding population trends for migratory tree-roosting bats. We recommend collecting acoustic data using the statistically robust North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat) protocols and that genetic diversity is monitored at repeated time intervals to show species trends. There are no short-term actions to resolve these population-level questions; however, we discuss opportunities for relatively short-term investments that will lead to long-term success in reducing uncertainty.

Do researchers impact their study populations? Assessing the effect of field procedures in a long term population monitoring of sea kraits

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Fauvel ◽  
François Brischoux ◽  
Marine Jeanne Briand ◽  
Xavier Bonnet
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Head Morphology

Long term population monitoring is essential to ecological studies; however, field procedures may disturb individuals. Assessing this topic is important in worldwide declining taxa such as reptiles. Previous studies focussed on animal welfare issues and examined short-term effects (e.g. increase of stress hormones due to handling). Long-term effects with possible consequences at the population level remain poorly investigated. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of widely used field procedures (e.g. handling, marking, forced regurgitation) both on short-term (hormonal stress response) and on long-term (changes in body condition, survival) scales in two intensively monitored populations of sea kraits (Laticauda spp.) in New Caledonia. Focusing on the most intensively monitored sites, from 2002 to 2012, we gathered approximately 11 200 captures/recaptures on 4500 individuals. Each snake was individually marked (scale clipping + branding) and subjected to various measurements (e.g. body size, head morphology, palpation). In addition, a subsample of more than 500 snakes was forced to regurgitate their prey for dietary analyses. Handling caused a significant stress hormonal response, however we found no detrimental long-term effect on body condition. Forced regurgitation did not cause any significant effect on both body condition one year later and survival. These results suggest that the strong short-term stress provoked by field procedures did not translate into negative effects on the population. Although similar analyses are required to test the validity of our conclusions in other species, our results suggest distinguishing welfare and population issues to evaluate the potential impact of population surveys.

Comparison of Spar and Semisubmersible Floater Concepts of Offshore Wind Turbines Using Long-Term Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Bagbanci ◽  
D. Karmakar ◽  
C. Guedes Soares
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Floating Wind Turbine ◽  
Offshore Floating Wind Turbine

The long-term probability distributions of a spar-type and a semisubmersible-type offshore floating wind turbine response are calculated for surge, heave, and pitch motions along with the side-to-side, fore–aft, and yaw tower base bending moments. The transfer functions for surge, heave, and pitch motions for both spar-type and semisubmersible-type floaters are obtained using the fast code and the results are also compared with the results obtained in an experimental study. The long-term predictions of the most probable maximum values of motion amplitudes are used for design purposes, so as to guarantee the safety of the floating wind turbines against overturning in high waves and wind speed. The long-term distribution is carried out using North Atlantic wave data and the short-term floating wind turbine responses are represented using Rayleigh distributions. The transfer functions are used in the procedure to calculate the variances of the short-term responses. The results obtained for both spar-type and semisubmersible-type offshore floating wind turbine are compared, and the study will be helpful in the assessments of the long-term availability and economic performance of the spar-type and semisubmersible-type offshore floating wind turbine.

Changes in Hospitalization for Ischemic Heart Disease After the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake: 10 Years of Data in a Population of 300,000

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaisen Huang ◽  
Dejia Huang ◽  
Dingxiu He ◽  
Joris van Loenhout ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sichuan Earthquake ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Incidence Of Hospitalization ◽  
The City

AbstractObjectiveThe effects of earthquakes on ischemic heart disease (IHD) have often been reported. At a population level, this study examined short-term (60-day) and long-term (5-year) hospitalization events for IHD after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.MethodsWe examined the 10-year medical hospitalization records on IHD in the city of Deyang provided by the Urban Employee Basic Health Insurance program.ResultsEvaluation of 19,083 hospitalizations showed a significantly lower proportional number and cost of hospitalizations in the 60 days after the earthquake (P<0.001). Hospitalizations were 27.81% lower than would have been expected in a normal year; costs were 32.53% lower. However, in the 5 years after the earthquake, the age-adjusted annual incidence of hospitalization increased significantly (P<0.001). In the fifth year after the earthquake, it was significantly higher in the extremely hard-hit area than in the hard-hit area (P<0.01).ConclusionAfter the 2008 earthquake, short- and long-term patterns of hospitalization for IHD changed greatly, but in different ways. Our findings suggest that medical resources for IHD should be distributed dynamically over time after an earthquake. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:203–210)

scholarly journals Fault diagnosis of high power grid wind turbine based on particle swarm optimization BP neural network during COVID-19 epidemic period

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 9027-9035
Author(s):  
Xi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Bp Neural Network ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Term Memory

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the maintenance of the wind turbine is unable to be processed due to the problem of personnel. This paper presents two neural network models: BP neural network and LSTM neural network combined with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to realize obstacle maintenance detection for wind turbine. Aiming at the problem of gradient vanishing existing in the traditional regression neural network, a fault diagnosis model of wind turbine rolling bearing is proposed by using long-term and short-term memory neural network. Through the analysis of an example, it is verified that the diagnosis results of this method are consistent with the actual fault diagnosis results of wind turbine rolling bearing and the diagnosis accuracy is high. The results show that the proposed method can effectively diagnose the rolling bearing of wind turbine, and the long-term and short-term memory neural network still has good fault diagnosis performance when the difference of fault characteristics is not obvious, which shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.

scholarly journals Incapacitated and Alone: Prevalence of Unbefriended Residents in Alberta Long-Term Care Homes

SAGE Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401988512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Chamberlain ◽  
Wendy Duggleby ◽  
Janet Fast ◽  
Pamela B. Teaster ◽  
Carole A. Estabrooks
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of residents who are incapacitated and have no surrogate decision maker, known as the “unbefriended” in Alberta long-term care (LTC) homes. Using cross-sectional online survey methods, data were collected from 123 staff (i.e., directors of care/nursing, administrators) from Alberta LTC homes. Information was collected on survey respondents’ demographic characteristics, number of unbefriended residents, and on organizational characteristics. The overall prevalence of unbefriended residents in LTC homes was 4.14% in Alberta ( SD = 6.28%, range: 0%-34.6%). Homes with the highest prevalence (nearly 15%) of unbefriended residents had >135 beds and were public not-for-profit and located in large urban centers. Fifty-three percent of unbefriended residents were male. The highest prevalence of unbefriended residents lived in homes located in large urban centers and public not-for-profit operators. Population level and LTC home level prevalence data are needed to assess the scope of unmet needs.

Carcinogenicity of Chemicals: The Weight of Evidence

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Epidemiological Methods ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Clear Dose Response ◽  
Dose Levels

. The evidence discussed here is derived from epidemiology, long-term bioassays in laboratory animals, and predictive short-term tests. Epidemiological data are obtained directly from human studies and are most compelling when hey demonstrate a large relative risk and a clear dose-response in association with a distinctive umour type. Exposure to a suspected carcinogen and the doses involved are, however, often difficult to determine, and the most sophisticated epidemiological methods are relatively insensitive. There are no epidemiological data for most occupational/environmental chemicals. Long-term bioassays can present major problems in design, interpretation and extrapolation. 'articular difficulties are associated with the planning of appropriate dose levels and the occurrence of certain tumours at high incidence in both control and test groups. Results from animal bioassays et priorities for concern and action but they cannot be reliably used for quantitative assessment of human risk. Evidence of potential carcinogenicity derived from short-term predictive tests, involving a wide variety of systems with diverse end-points, is increasingly important. Emphasis is placed on the teed for more in vivo procedures with a broadening of the scope of somatic cell targets.

Long-Term Global Performance Analysis of a Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Supported on a Semi-Submersible Floating Platform

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Borg ◽  
Lance Manuel ◽  
Maurizio Collu ◽  
Jinsong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Floating Platform ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
The Eu

This study examines the long-term reliability analysis of a floating vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) situated off the Portuguese coast in the Atlantic Ocean. The VAWT, which consists of a 5-MW 3-bladed H-type rotor developed as part of the EU-FP7 H2OCEAN project, is assumed to be mounted on the OC4 semi-submersible floating platform. Given metocean conditions characterizing the selected turbine site, a number of sea states are identified for which coupled dynamics simulations are carried out using the FloVAWT design tool. Short-term turbine load and platform motion statistics are established for individual sea states that are analysed. The long-term reliability yields estimates of 50-year loads and platform motions that takes into consideration response statistics from the simulations as well as the metocean (wind-wave) data and distributions. Results can be used to guide future floating VAWT designs.

Long-Term Stochastic Dynamic Analysis of a Combined Floating Spar-Type Wind Turbine and Wave Energy Converter (STC) System for Mooring Fatigue Damage and Power Prediction

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nianxin Ren ◽  
Zhen Gao ◽  
Torgeir Moan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Wave Energy Converter ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Stochastic Dynamic ◽  
Energy Converter ◽  
Short Term

In this work, a combined concept called Spar-Toru-Combination (STC) involving a spar-type floating wind turbine (FWT) and an axi-symmetric two-body wave energy converter (WEC) is considered. From the views of both long-term fatigue damage prediction of the mooring lines and the annual energy production estimation, a coupled analysis of wind-wave induced long-term stochastic responses has been performed using the SIMO-TDHMILL code in the time domain, which includes 79200 one-hour short term cases (the combination of 22 selected mean wind speeds * 15 selected significant wave heights * 12 selected spectral peak wave periods * 20 random seeds). The hydrodynamic loads on the Spar and Torus are estimated using potential theory, while the aerodynamic loads on the wind rotor are calculated by the validated simplified thrust force model in the TDHMILL code. Considering the long-term wind-wave joint distribution in the northern North Sea, the annual fatigue damage of the mooring line for the STC system is obtained by using the S-N curve approach and Palmgren-Miner’s linear damage hypothesis. In addition, the annual wind and wave power productions are also obtained by using hourly mean output power for each short-term condition and the joint wind-wave distribution.

scholarly journals Sleep actigraphy time-synchronized with wind turbine output

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S Michaud ◽  
Stephen E Keith ◽  
Mireille Guay ◽  
Sonia Voicescu ◽  
Allison Denning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sleep Period ◽  
Disturbed Sleep ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Data Subject ◽  
Turbine Output

Abstract Studies have yielded inconsistent evidence for an association between long-term average wind turbine sound pressure level (SPL) and disturbed sleep. Transient changes in sleep may be more susceptible to short-term variations in wind turbine SPL throughout the sleep period time. We analyzed sleep actigraphy data (subject sleep nights=2094, males=151, females=192) in 10 min intervals time-synchronized to wind turbine supervisory control and data acquisition. Calculated indoor wind turbine SPL was considered after adjusting for turbine rotor speed and closed/open bedroom windows. Maximum calculated nightly average wind turbine SPL reached 44.7 dBA (mean=32.9, SD=6.4) outdoors, and 31.4 dBA (mean=12.5, SD=8.3) indoors. Wind turbine SPL in 10 min intervals, and nightly averages, were not statistically associated with actigraphy outcomes. However, the variability in wind turbine SPL due to changes in wind turbine operation across the sleep period time, as measured by the difference between the 10 min SPL and the nightly average SPL (∆SPL), was statistically related to awakenings (p=0.028) and motility (p=0.015) rates. These diminutive differences translate to less than 1 min of additional awake and motility time for a 5 dBA increase over a 450 min sleep period time. Overall results showed that wind turbine SPL below 45 dBA was not associated with any consequential changes in actigraphy-measured sleep. Observations based on ∆SPL provided some indication that a more sensitive assessment of sleep may be one that considers variations in wind turbine SPL throughout the sleep period time.

scholarly journals Representative rainfall thresholds for flash floods in the Cali river watershed, Colombia

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 4095-4119 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Ávila ◽  
Y. E. Carvajal ◽  
F. Justino
Keyword(s):  
Flash Floods ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Antecedent Rainfall ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rainfall Thresholds ◽  
Hydrographic Basin ◽  
Historical Database ◽  
Data Representative ◽  
Term Rain

Abstract. In the 21st century, societies face a significant increase in the number of extreme hydrometeorological events associated with climate variability (CV) and/or climate change (CC). Research has recently focused on establishing adaptation and mitigation measures to counteract the effects of CV and CC, especially those associated with precipitation, such as flash floods and flooding. In this study, 27 floods, listed in the historical database of natural disasters (DesInventar), occurring between 1980 and 2012, were analyzed. Using the daily hydrometeorological data, representative rainfall thresholds were defined to predict flash floods in the hydrographic basin of the Cali River, Colombia. Antecedent rainfall (AR), or short-term rain (1, 3, 5 and 7 days), and accumulated antecedent rainfall (AAR), or long-term rain (5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60 and 90 days), levels were defined. The analysis showed that the greatest determinant for the occurrence of floods is AAR, with thresholds greater than 73, 95, 124, 170, 218 and 273 mm, for 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days, respectively. Additionally, the data showed that, historically, the greatest number of flash floods (81.7 %) occurred in the Cali River basin in the months of April, May, and June.

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