scholarly journals Antituberculosis Targeted Drug Delivery as a Potential Future Treatment Approach

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 908
Author(s):  
Mohd Khairul Nizam Mazlan ◽  
Mohammad Hafizie Dianel Mohd Tazizi ◽  
Rosliza Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Amirul Asyraf Noh ◽  
Athirah Bakhtiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Antituberculosis Drugs ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Targeted Drug

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the microorganism that causes tuberculosis. This infectious disease has been around for centuries, with the earliest record of Mtb around three million years ago. The discovery of the antituberculosis agents in the 20th century has managed to improve the recovery rate and reduce the death rate tremendously. However, the conventional antituberculosis therapy is complicated by the development of resistant strains and adverse drug reactions experienced by the patients. Research has been conducted continuously to discover new, safe, and effective antituberculosis drugs. In the last 50 years, only two molecules were approved despite laborious work and costly research. The repurposing of drugs is also being done with few drugs; antibiotics, particularly, were found to have antituberculosis activity. Besides the discovery work, enhancing the delivery of currently available antituberculosis drugs is also being researched. Targeted drug delivery may be a potentially useful approach to be developed into clinically accepted treatment modalities. Active targeting utilizes a specifically designed targeting agent to deliver a chemically conjugated drug(s) towards Mtb. Passive targeting is very widely explored, with the development of multiple types of nanoparticles from organic and inorganic materials. The nanoparticles will be engulfed by macrophages and this will eliminate the Mtb that is present in the macrophages, or the encapsulated drug may be released at the sites of infections that may be in the form of intra- and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. This article provided an overview on the history of tuberculosis and the currently available treatment options, followed by discussions on the discovery of new antituberculosis drugs and active and passive targeting approaches against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Advanced and Innovative Nano-Systems for Anticancer Targeted Drug Delivery

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1151
Author(s):  
Lu Tang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Qingqing Zhao ◽  
Ting Pan ◽  
Hui Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug

The encapsulation of therapeutic agents into nano-based drug delivery system for cancer treatment has received considerable attention in recent years. Advancements in nanotechnology provide an opportunity for efficient delivery of anticancer drugs. The unique properties of nanoparticles not only allow cancer-specific drug delivery by inherent passive targeting phenomena and adopting active targeting strategies, but also improve the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the loaded drugs, leading to enhanced therapeutic efficacy and safety compared to conventional treatment modalities. Small molecule drugs are the most widely used anticancer agents at present, while biological macromolecules, such as therapeutic antibodies, peptides and genes, have gained increasing attention. Therefore, this review focuses on the recent achievements of novel nano-encapsulation in targeted drug delivery. A comprehensive introduction of intelligent delivery strategies based on various nanocarriers to encapsulate small molecule chemotherapeutic drugs and biological macromolecule drugs in cancer treatment will also be highlighted.

Efficacy of Dual-Targeting Combined Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Delivery System in the Treatment of Tuberculous Meningitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2034-2042
Author(s):  
Wenjing Ma ◽  
Huan Peng ◽  
Kewei Liu ◽  
Yaguo Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Targeted Drug

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is an incurable disease with high mortality. It is an extrapulmonary tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis which penetrated the blood-brain barrier and infected the meninges. Mycobacterium tuberculosis lurking in the body mainly reside in macrophages. Anti-tuberculous drugs usually can not target the blood-brain barrier and macrophages, the drug concentration in the lesion is low, which cannot effectively kill mycobacterium tuberculosis, making TBM difficult to treat. Targeted drug delivery systems can target drugs to specific nidus. In the study, we constructed a drug delivery system, which was a cell penetrate peptide B6 and phosphatidylserine (PS) modified polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanomaterial to target the blood-brain barrier and to target macrophages. This nanomaterial was a combined anti-tuberculosis drug delivery system encapsulating antituberculosis drugs rifampicin and pyrazinamide, designed to target macrophages in the brain and kill mycobacterium tuberculosis lurking in the macrophages. We have physically characterized the drug delivery system, and verified the bactericidal ability at cellular and animal level. Results have shown that the targeted drug delivery system had a remarkable efficacy to treat TBM in mice.

scholarly journals Design of Nanoparticle-Based Carriers for Targeted Drug Delivery

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojiao Yu ◽  
Ian Trase ◽  
Muqing Ren ◽  
Kayla Duval ◽  
Xing Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Active Targeting ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Computational Simulations ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Targeted Drug

Nanoparticles have shown promise as both drug delivery vehicles and direct antitumor systems, but they must be properly designed in order to maximize efficacy. Computational modeling is often used both to design new nanoparticles and to better understand existing ones. Modeled processes include the release of drugs at the tumor site and the physical interaction between the nanoparticle and cancer cells. In this paper, we provide an overview of three different targeted drug delivery methods (passive targeting, active targeting, and physical targeting) and compare methods of action, advantages, limitations, and the current stages of research. For the most commonly used nanoparticle carriers, fabrication methods are also reviewed. This is followed by a review of computational simulations and models on nanoparticle-based drug delivery.

scholarly journals Scaffolds as Structural Tools for Bone-Targeted Drug Delivery

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Ferracini ◽  
Isabel Martínez Herreros ◽  
Antonio Russo ◽  
Tommaso Casalini ◽  
Filippo Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Artificial Bones ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
Large Bone

Although bone has a high potential to regenerate itself after damage and injury, the efficacious repair of large bone defects resulting from resection, trauma or non-union fractures still requires the implantation of bone grafts. Materials science, in conjunction with biotechnology, can satisfy these needs by developing artificial bones, synthetic substitutes and organ implants. In particular, recent advances in materials science have provided several innovations, underlying the increasing importance of biomaterials in this field. To address the increasing need for improved bone substitutes, tissue engineering seeks to create synthetic, three-dimensional scaffolds made from organic or inorganic materials, incorporating drugs and growth factors, to induce new bone tissue formation. This review emphasizes recent progress in materials science that allows reliable scaffolds to be synthesized for targeted drug delivery in bone regeneration, also with respect to past directions no longer considered promising. A general overview concerning modeling approaches suitable for the discussed systems is also provided.

scholarly journals Liposomal Tumor Targeting in Drug Delivery Utilizing MMP-2- and MMP-9-Binding Ligands

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oula Penate Medina ◽  
Merja Haikola ◽  
Marja Tahtinen ◽  
Ilkka Simpura ◽  
Sami Kaukinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Phage Display ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Binding Peptides ◽  
Delivery Strategies ◽  
Targeted Drug

Nanotechnology offers an alternative to conventional treatment options by enabling different drug delivery and controlled-release delivery strategies. Liposomes being especially biodegradable and in most cases essentially nontoxic offer a versatile platform for several different delivery approaches that can potentially enhance the delivery and targeting of therapies to tumors. Liposomes penetrate tumors spontaneously as a result of fenestrated blood vessels within tumors, leading to known enhanced permeability and subsequent drug retention effects. In addition, liposomes can be used to carry radioactive moieties, such as radiotracers, which can be bound at multiple locations within liposomes, making them attractive carriers for molecular imaging applications. Phage display is a technique that can deliver various high-affinity and selectivity peptides to different targets. In this study, gelatinase-binding peptides, found by phage display, were attached to liposomes by covalent peptide-PEG-PE anchor creating a targeted drug delivery vehicle. Gelatinases as extracellular targets for tumor targeting offer a viable alternative for tumor targeting. Our findings show that targeted drug delivery is more efficient than non-targeted drug delivery.

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