scholarly journals Advanced and Innovative Nano-Systems for Anticancer Targeted Drug Delivery

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1151
Author(s):  
Lu Tang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Qingqing Zhao ◽  
Ting Pan ◽  
Hui Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug

The encapsulation of therapeutic agents into nano-based drug delivery system for cancer treatment has received considerable attention in recent years. Advancements in nanotechnology provide an opportunity for efficient delivery of anticancer drugs. The unique properties of nanoparticles not only allow cancer-specific drug delivery by inherent passive targeting phenomena and adopting active targeting strategies, but also improve the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the loaded drugs, leading to enhanced therapeutic efficacy and safety compared to conventional treatment modalities. Small molecule drugs are the most widely used anticancer agents at present, while biological macromolecules, such as therapeutic antibodies, peptides and genes, have gained increasing attention. Therefore, this review focuses on the recent achievements of novel nano-encapsulation in targeted drug delivery. A comprehensive introduction of intelligent delivery strategies based on various nanocarriers to encapsulate small molecule chemotherapeutic drugs and biological macromolecule drugs in cancer treatment will also be highlighted.

scholarly journals Antituberculosis Targeted Drug Delivery as a Potential Future Treatment Approach

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 908
Author(s):  
Mohd Khairul Nizam Mazlan ◽  
Mohammad Hafizie Dianel Mohd Tazizi ◽  
Rosliza Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Amirul Asyraf Noh ◽  
Athirah Bakhtiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Antituberculosis Drugs ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Targeted Drug

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the microorganism that causes tuberculosis. This infectious disease has been around for centuries, with the earliest record of Mtb around three million years ago. The discovery of the antituberculosis agents in the 20th century has managed to improve the recovery rate and reduce the death rate tremendously. However, the conventional antituberculosis therapy is complicated by the development of resistant strains and adverse drug reactions experienced by the patients. Research has been conducted continuously to discover new, safe, and effective antituberculosis drugs. In the last 50 years, only two molecules were approved despite laborious work and costly research. The repurposing of drugs is also being done with few drugs; antibiotics, particularly, were found to have antituberculosis activity. Besides the discovery work, enhancing the delivery of currently available antituberculosis drugs is also being researched. Targeted drug delivery may be a potentially useful approach to be developed into clinically accepted treatment modalities. Active targeting utilizes a specifically designed targeting agent to deliver a chemically conjugated drug(s) towards Mtb. Passive targeting is very widely explored, with the development of multiple types of nanoparticles from organic and inorganic materials. The nanoparticles will be engulfed by macrophages and this will eliminate the Mtb that is present in the macrophages, or the encapsulated drug may be released at the sites of infections that may be in the form of intra- and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. This article provided an overview on the history of tuberculosis and the currently available treatment options, followed by discussions on the discovery of new antituberculosis drugs and active and passive targeting approaches against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) in Targeted Drug Delivery: Synthesis of a Potent and Highly Selective Inhibitor against Matrix Metalloproteinase- 7

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (27) ◽  
pp. 2459-2471
Author(s):  
Ling-Li Wang ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Ming-Hua Zheng ◽  
Yu-Zhong Xie ◽  
Chang-Jiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Selective Inhibitor ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Targeted Drug

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc endopeptidases that play a key role in both physiological and pathological tissue degradation. MMPs have reportedly shown great potentials in the degradation of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM), have shown great potentials in targeting bioactive and imaging agents in cancer treatment. MMPs could provoke Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of cancer cells and manipulate their signaling, adhesion, migration and invasion to promote cancer cell aggressiveness. Therefore, targeting and particularly inhibiting MMPs within the tumor microenvironment is an effective strategy for cancer treatment. Based on this idea, different MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) have been developed to manipulate the tumor microenvironment towards conditions appropriate for the actions of antitumor agents. Studies are ongoing to improve the selectivity and specificity of MMPIs. Structural optimization has facilitated the discovery of selective inhibitors of the MMPs. However, so far no selective inhibitor for MMP-7 has been proposed. Aims: This study aims to comprehensively review the potentials and advances in applications of MMPs particularly MMP-7 in targeted cancer treatment approaches with the main focus on targeted drug delivery. Different targeting strategies for manipulating and inhibiting MMPs for the treatment of cancer are discussed. MMPs are upregulated at all stages of expression in cancers. Different MMP subtypes have shown significant targeting applicability at the genetic, protein, and activity levels in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions in a variety of cancers. The expression of MMPs significantly increases at advanced cancer stages, which can be used for controlled release in cancers in advance stages. Methods: Moreover, this study presents the synthesis and characteristics of a new and highly selective inhibitor against MMP-7 and discusses its applications in targeted drug delivery systems for therapeutics and diagnostics modalities. Results: Our findings showed that the structure of the inhibitor P3’ side chains play the crucial role in developing an optimized MMP-7 inhibitor with high selectivity and significant degradation activities against ECM. Conclusion: Optimized NDC can serve as a highly potent and selective inhibitor against MMP-7 following screening and optimization of the P3’ side chains, with a Ki of 38.6 nM and an inhibitory selectivity of 575 of MMP-7 over MMP-1.

Targeted Drug Delivery in brain tumors- nanochemistry applications and advances

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Ganjeifar ◽  
Seyyed Farhang Morshed
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery Systems

Background: Despite advances in surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, brain tumors are still a major health issue due to poor prognosis and high mortality rate. The current treatment options suffer limited efficiency. The main barriers to the effective clinical treatment are systemic toxicity of cytotoxic compounds, physical and functional barrier of the blood brain barrier (BBB), and low selectivity of the therapeutic agents to tumor cells. Objective: To review the advances in targeted drug delivery systems and strategies for brain tumors. Methods: We searched the electronic databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, BIOSIS Previews, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, google scholar and additional sources for published and unpublished trials using the set search terms. The date of the most recent search was 20 March 2020. The studies investigating the applications of targeted drug delivery for brain tumors were collected and the most relevant studies were selected for a comprehensive review. Results: Different anticancer agents and nucleic acid-based therapies have been developed and assessed as novel targeted drug delivery techniques for brain tumors. New vehicles include polymeric and liposomal nanoparticles (NPs), wafers, microchips, microparticle-based nanosystems and cells-based vectors. Strong evidence from preclinical and translational studies indicate the great potentials of these NPs-based technologies in brain tumors and improving the therapeutic outcomes. Research is ongoing to develop effective new anticancer agents as well as strategies for BBB modulation and penetration. Conclusions: New targeted drug delivery systems based on stimuli-responsive NPs have shown promising outcomes in brain tumors. Advances in material design and nanochemistry lead to enhanced intracranial concentrations. Non-invasive technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging-guided ultrasound and high-intensity focused ultrasound have been utilized for BBB modulation with higher precision and improved drug delivery performance.

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