scholarly journals Antioxidant Synergy of Mitochondrial Phospholipase PNPLA8/iPLA2γ with Fatty Acid–Conducting SLC25 Gene Family Transporters

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Martin Jabůrek ◽  
Pavla Průchová ◽  
Blanka Holendová ◽  
Alexander Galkin ◽  
Petr Ježek
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling ◽  
Mitochondrial Carrier ◽  
Mitochondrial Superoxide ◽  
Redox Activation ◽  
Mitochondrial Carrier Family ◽  
Alternatively Activated

Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein PNPLA8, also termed Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2γ (iPLA2γ), is addressed to the mitochondrial matrix (or peroxisomes), where it may manifest its unique activity to cleave phospholipid side-chains from both sn-1 and sn-2 positions, consequently releasing either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), including oxidized FAs. Moreover, iPLA2γ is directly stimulated by H2O2 and, hence, is activated by redox signaling or oxidative stress. This redox activation permits the antioxidant synergy with mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) or other SLC25 mitochondrial carrier family members by FA-mediated protonophoretic activity, termed mild uncoupling, that leads to diminishing of mitochondrial superoxide formation. This mechanism allows for the maintenance of the steady-state redox status of the cell. Besides the antioxidant role, we review the relations of iPLA2γ to lipid peroxidation since iPLA2γ is alternatively activated by cardiolipin hydroperoxides and hypothetically by structural alterations of lipid bilayer due to lipid peroxidation. Other iPLA2γ roles include the remodeling of mitochondrial (or peroxisomal) membranes and the generation of specific lipid second messengers. Thus, for example, during FA β-oxidation in pancreatic β-cells, H2O2-activated iPLA2γ supplies the GPR40 metabotropic FA receptor to amplify FA-stimulated insulin secretion. Cytoprotective roles of iPLA2γ in the heart and brain are also discussed.

scholarly journals Malondialdehyde levels can be measured in serum and saliva by using a fast HPLC method with visible detection / Determinarea printr-o metodă HPLC-VIS rapidă a concentraţiilor serice şi salivare ale malondialdehidei

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Fogarasi ◽  
Mircea Dumitru Croitoru ◽  
Ibolya Fülöp ◽  
Enikő Nemes-Nagy ◽  
Robert Gabriel Tripon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
Repeated Sample

Abstract Oxidative stress appears when the amount of free radicals that are formed in a living organism exceed its spin-trapping ability. One of the most dangerous free radicals that are formed in the human body is the hydroxyl radical. It can alter several biomolecules, including the unsaturated fatty acids; this process is known as lipid peroxidation and can lead to cell necrosis and generation of several harmful byproducts including malondialdehyde, which serves also as a biomarker of oxidative stress. A new HPLC method with visible detection was developed for the detection of malondialdehyde in human serum and saliva samples. The method was verified in terms of specificity, linearity, limits of detection (0.35 ng/ml), limit of quantification (1.19 ng/ml), recovery (90.13±10.25 – 107.29±14.33) and precision (3.84±1.49% – 6.66±1.76%). An analysis time of only 1 minute was obtained and no interferences from the matrices were observed. Statistical analysis (Pearson correlation test) showed a moderate correlation (R = 0.5061, p = 0.0099) between serum and saliva concentrations (N = 25). The possibility of measuring salivary concentrations of malondialdehyde extents the applications of oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation estimations to categories of population unreachable before (pregnant women, small children, etc); repeated sample studies are also easier to make.

Thermoregulation: What Role for UCPs in Mammals and Birds?

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 227-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Mozo ◽  
Yalin Emre ◽  
Frederic Bouillaud ◽  
Daniel Ricquier ◽  
Francois Criscuolo
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Carrier ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Mitochondrial Carrier Family ◽  
Cell Energy ◽  
Avian Ucp

Mammals and birds are endotherms and respond to cold exposure by the means of regulatory thermogenesis, either shivering or non-shivering. In this latter case, waste of cell energy as heat can be achieved by uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration. Uncoupling proteins, which belong to the mitochondrial carrier family, are able to transport protons and thus may assume a thermogenic function. The mammalian UCP1 physiological function is now well understood and gives to the brown adipose tissue the capacity for heat generation. But is it really the case for its more recently discovered isoforms UCP2 and UCP3? Additionally, whereas more and more evidence suggests that non-shivering also exists in birds, is the avian UCP also involved in response to cold exposure? In this review, we consider the latest advances in the field of UCP biology and present putative functions for UCP1 homologues.

scholarly journals Presence of a Member of the Mitochondrial Carrier Family in Hydrogenosomes: Conservation of Membrane-Targeting Pathways between Hydrogenosomes and Mitochondria

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2488-2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina D. Dyall ◽  
Carla M. Koehler ◽  
Maria G. Delgadillo-Correa ◽  
Peter J. Bradley ◽  
Evelyn Plümper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Protein Targeting ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Membrane Targeting ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Mitochondrial Carrier ◽  
Mitochondrial Carrier Family ◽  
Targeting Signal ◽  
Mitochondrial Carrier Proteins

ABSTRACT A number of microaerophilic eukaryotes lack mitochondria but possess another organelle involved in energy metabolism, the hydrogenosome. Limited phylogenetic analyses of nuclear genes support a common origin for these two organelles. We have identified a protein of the mitochondrial carrier family in the hydrogenosome ofTrichomonas vaginalis and have shown that this protein, Hmp31, is phylogenetically related to the mitochondrial ADP-ATP carrier (AAC). We demonstrate that the hydrogenosomal AAC can be targeted to the inner membrane of mitochondria isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the Tim9-Tim10 import pathway used for the assembly of mitochondrial carrier proteins. Conversely, yeast mitochondrial AAC can be targeted into the membranes of hydrogenosomes. The hydrogenosomal AAC contains a cleavable, N-terminal presequence; however, this sequence is not necessary for targeting the protein to the organelle. These data indicate that the membrane-targeting signal(s) for hydrogenosomal AAC is internal, similar to that found for mitochondrial carrier proteins. Our findings indicate that the membrane carriers and membrane protein-targeting machinery of hydrogenosomes and mitochondria have a common evolutionary origin. Together, they provide strong evidence that a single endosymbiont evolved into a progenitor organelle in early eukaryotic cells that ultimately give rise to these two distinct organelles and support the hydrogen hypothesis for the origin of the eukaryotic cell.

Computational studies of the mitochondrial carrier family SLC25. Present status and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pasquadibisceglie ◽  
Fabio Polticelli
Keyword(s):  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Intermembrane Space ◽  
Mitochondrial Carrier ◽  
Mitochondrial Homeostasis ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Mitochondrial Carrier Family ◽  
Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space ◽  
Computational Analyses

Abstract The members of the mitochondrial carrier family, also known as solute carrier family 25 (SLC25), are transmembrane proteins involved in the translocation of a plethora of small molecules between the mitochondrial intermembrane space and the matrix. These transporters are characterized by three homologous domains structure and a transport mechanism that involves the transition between different conformations. Mutations in regions critical for these transporters’ function often cause several diseases, given the crucial role of these proteins in the mitochondrial homeostasis. Experimental studies can be problematic in the case of membrane proteins, in particular concerning the characterization of the structure–function relationships. For this reason, computational methods are often applied in order to develop new hypotheses or to support/explain experimental evidence. Here the computational analyses carried out on the SLC25 members are reviewed, describing the main techniques used and the outcome in terms of improved knowledge of the transport mechanism. Potential future applications on this protein family of more recent and advanced in silico methods are also suggested.

scholarly journals Redox Status in Women with Rheumathoid Arthritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Vranic ◽  
Aleksandra Antovic ◽  
Nevena Draginic ◽  
Marijana Andjic ◽  
Marko Ravic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Female Population

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess oxidative status and to set baseline characteristics for female population with established rheumatoid arthritis. Total of 42 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 48 age- and sex-matched controls were included in the study. Clinical examination was performed and assessed disease activity. Peripheral blood samples were used for all the assays. The markers of oxidative stress were assessed, including plasma levels of index of lipid peroxidation - thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion radical, nitrites and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione levels as antioxidant parameters. In the patients group, levels of hydrogen peroxide and index of lipid peroxidation were higher than in controls. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase activity compared to healthy subjects. Interestingly, controls had higher levels of nitrites compared to patients. Patients showed a marked increase in reactive oxygen species formation and lipid peroxidation as well as decrease in the activity of antioxidant defense system leading to oxidative stress which may contribute to tissue and cartilage damage and hence to the chronicity of the disease.

Effect of sodium metabisulfite on lipid peroxidation and enzyme activities in adult rat stomach and spleen

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Elkadi Fatima Zohra ◽  
Boufadi Mokhtaria Yasmina ◽  
Meziani Samira ◽  
Sarsar Fatima Zohra ◽  
Djebara Soraya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sodium Metabisulfite ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Gastric Tissue ◽  
Rat Stomach ◽  
Adult Rat

Sodium metabisulfite (NaMBS) has been used as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in a variety of drugs and foods. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of subchronic ingestion of NaMBS on lipid peroxidation, protein and enzymatic antioxidants in the gastric tissue and splenic Wistar rat. The rats were divided into four groups (n = 06 rats/group) as follows; Control (C), rats treated with 0.25% NaMBS (S0.25%), rats treated with 1% NaMBS (S1%) and rats treated with 4% NaMBS (S4%). NaMBS was administered to animals via drinking water. At the end of the experimental period, Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxi-dase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and thiols were determined. Redox status assess-ment revealed that 1% and 4% NaMBS doses induced gastric and spleen lipid peroxidation in animals compared to the control group. On the other hand, activities of SOD, GPx, CAT and thiols were reduced in the S1% and S4% groups in the stomach and spleen compared to the controls. Slight changes were detected in the GPx and CAT in the stomach of S0.25% group compared to the control group. In conclusion, the subchronic consumption of NaMBS has an adverse effect on the spleen and stomach by inducing oxidative damage leading to an increase in lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and alteration of enzyme activity antioxidant.

scholarly journals The Involvement of Energy Metabolism and Lipid Peroxidation in Lignin Accumulation of Postharvest Pumelos

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Huiling Yan ◽  
Junjia Chen ◽  
Juan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Lignin Accumulation ◽  
Juice Sacs

Lignification is especially prominent in postharvest pumelo fruit, which greatly impairs their attractiveness and commercial value. This study investigated the energy metabolism and lipid peroxidation and their relationship with accumulated lignin content in juice sacs of “Hongroumiyou” (HR) during 90 d of storage at 25 °C. The results indicated that, the alterations of energy metabolism in juice of sacs of postharvest pumelos was featured by a continuous decline in energy charge and ATP/ADP; an increase in succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity before 30 d and increases in activities of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) and F0F1-ATPase before 60 d; but declines in activities of Ca2+-ATPase and H+-ATPase. Additionally, enhanced contents of H2O2, O2−, and –OH scavenging rate; increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content; and transformation of unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) to saturated fatty acids (USFA) and reduced USFA/SFA (U/S) could result in lipid peroxidation and membrane integrity loss. Moreover, correlation analysis showed that lignin accumulation was in close relation to energy metabolism and lipid peroxidation in juice sacs of postharvest pumelos. These results gave evident credence for the involvement of energy metabolism and lipid peroxidation in the lignin accumulation of HR pumelo fruit during postharvest storage.

scholarly journals Diazoxide and Exercise Enhance Muscle Contraction during Obesity by Decreasing ROS Levels, Lipid Peroxidation, and Improving Glutathione Redox Status

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Mariana Gómez-Barroso ◽  
Koré M. Moreno-Calderón ◽  
Elizabeth Sánchez-Duarte ◽  
Christian Cortés-Rojo ◽  
Alfredo Saavedra-Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Katp Channel ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Muscular Contraction ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Glutathione Redox ◽  
Katp Channel Openers

Obesity causes insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia which causes skeletal muscle dysfunction resulting in a decrease in contraction force and a reduced capacity to avoid fatigue, which overall, causes an increase in oxidative stress. KATP channel openers such as diazoxide and the implementation of exercise protocols have been reported to be actively involved in protecting skeletal muscle against metabolic stress; however, the effects of diazoxide and exercise on muscle contraction and oxidative stress during obesity have not been explored. This study aimed to determine the effect of diazoxide in the contraction of skeletal muscle of obese male Wistar rats (35 mg/kg), and with an exercise protocol (five weeks) and the combination from both. Results showed that the treatment with diazoxide and exercise improved muscular contraction, showing an increase in maximum tension and total tension due to decreased ROS and lipid peroxidation levels and improved glutathione redox state. Therefore, these results suggest that diazoxide and exercise improve muscle function during obesity, possibly through its effects as KATP channel openers.

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