scholarly journals The Protective Role of Hydrogen Sulfide Against Obesity-Associated Cellular Stress in Blood Glucose Regulation

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1038
Author(s):  
Ania Mezouari ◽  
Radhika Nangia ◽  
Jeffrey Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
L Cells ◽  
L Cell

Circulating palmitic acid (PA) is increased in obesity and causes metabolic stress, leading to diabetes. This includes the impairment of the glucoregulatory hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secreted from intestinal L-cells. Recently, the anti-inflammatory gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been implicated in the enhancement of GLP-1 secretion. We hypothesized that H2S can reduce the oxidative stress caused by palmitate and play a protective role in L-cell function. This study was conducted on both human and mouse L-cells and a mouse model of Western diet (WD)-induced obesity. PA-induced L-cell stress was assessed using DCF-DA. H2S was delivered using the donor GYY4137. C57BL/6 mice were fed either chow diet or PA-enriched WD for 20 weeks with ongoing measurements of glycemia and GLP-1 secretion. In both L-cell models, we demonstrated that PA caused an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). This ROS induction was partially blocked by the H2S administration. In mice, the WD elevated body weight in both sexes and elevated fasting blood glucose and lipid peroxidation in males. Additionally, a single GYY4137 injection improved oral glucose tolerance in WD-fed male mice and also enhanced glucose-stimulated GLP-1 release. To conclude, H2S reduces oxidative stress in GLP-1 cells and can improve glucose clearance in mice.

scholarly journals Degraded Sericin Significantly Regulates Blood Glucose Levels and Improves Impaired Liver Function in T2D Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1255
Author(s):  
Heng-Da Wang ◽  
Zhi-Hao Zhong ◽  
Yu-Jie Weng ◽  
Zhen-Zhen Wei ◽  
Yu-Qing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Impaired Liver Function ◽  
Liver And Pancreas

Sericin could be degraded well into low-molecular-weight sericin (SS) through a novel and environmentally friendly recycling process using an ultrasonically degumming method in Ca(OH)2 aqueous solution. The oral administration of the SS has an evidently hypoglycemic effect on STZ-induced T2D rats. At oral doses of 2.5 and 5% SS for four weeks, the fasting blood glucose decreased by over 60% compared with that in the untreated model group. Oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were ameliorated by the peptide treatment. The serum insulin level was reduced by approximately 35%, the insulin resistance index was reduced by more than 66%. The 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine level showed a large reduction of 20%, and the total antioxidant activities significantly increased. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and fluorescent immunostaining sections showed that liver and pancreas damage was partly recovered in T2D rats. In summary, oral SS demonstrated evidently hypoglycemic effects mainly related to reducing oxidative stress in the damaged liver and pancreas of T2D rats. Therefore, these results have suggested that the degraded sericin has a potential use in SS-based healthy functional food or hypoglycemic drugs as a waste recovered from sericulture resources.

scholarly journals High β-Glucan Barley Supplementation Improves Glucose Tolerance by Increasing GLP-1 Secretion in Diet-Induced Obesity Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Sachina Suzuki ◽  
Seiichiro Aoe
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
L Cells ◽  
L Cell

The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism for the improvement of glucose tolerance following intake of high β-glucan barley (HGB) in terms of intestinal metabolism. C57BL/6J male mice were fed a fatty diet supplemented with HGB corresponding to 5% of dietary fiber for 83 days. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of the experimental period. The concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecum was analyzed by GC–MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry). The mRNA expression levels related to L cell function in the ileum were measured by real-time PCR. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels in the portal vein and cecal content were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. GLP-1-producing L cells of the ileum were quantified by immunohistochemistry. HGB intake improved glucose tolerance and increased the cecal levels of SCFAs, acetate, and propionate. The number of GLP-1-positive L cells in the HGB group was significantly higher than in the control group. GLP-1 levels in the portal vein and cecal GLP-1 pool size in the HGB group were significantly higher than the control group. In conclusion, we report improved glucose tolerance after HGB intake induced by an increase in L cell number and subsequent rise in GLP-1 secretion.

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities of ethanol seed extract of Hunteria umbellate (Hallier F.) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubanke O. Ogunlana ◽  
Babatunde O. Adetuyi ◽  
Miracle Rotimi ◽  
lohor Esalomi ◽  
Alaba Adeyemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Group 5

Abstract Background Diabetes, a global cause of mortality in developing countries is a chronic disorder affecting the metabolism of macromolecules and has been attributed to the defective production and action of insulin characterized by persistent hyperglycemic properties. This global disorder harms organs of the body such as the liver, kidney and spleen. Medicinal plants such as Hunteria umbellate have been shown to possess hypoglycemic, antioxidative and anti-diabetic properties owing to the high concentration of active phytochemical constituents like flavonoids and alkaloids. The present study seeks to evaluate the hypoglycemic activities of ethanolic seed extract of Hunteria umbellate on streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Methods Thirty (30) female experimental rats were randomly divided into five groups with six rats per group and were administered streptozotocin (STZ) and Hunteria umbellate as follows. Group 1 served as control and was given only distilled water, group 2 rats were administered 60 mg/kg STZ; Group 3 was administered 60 mg/kg STZ and 100 mg/kg metformin; group 4 rats were administered 60 mg/kg STZ and 800 mg/kg Hunteria umbellate, group 5 rats 60 mg/kg STZ and 400 mg/kg Hunteria umbellate. The fasting blood glucose level of each rat was measured before sacrifice. Rats were then sacrificed 24 h after the last dose of treatment. Results The results showed that Hunteria umbellate significantly reversed STZ-induced increase in fasting blood glucose and increase in body and organs weight of rats. Hunteria umbellate significantly reversed STZ-induced decrease in antioxidant enzyme in liver, kidney and spleen of rats. Hunteria umbellate significantly reversed STZ-induced increase in oxidative stress markers in liver, kidney and spleen of rats. Conclusion Collectively, our results provide convincing information that inhibition of oxidative stress and regulation of blood glucose level are major mechanisms through which Hunteria umbellate protects against streptozotocin-induced diabketes rats.

scholarly journals Impaired fasting blood glucose and circulating endothelial progenitor cell function (1072.4)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Bammert ◽  
Collin Beckstrom ◽  
Kyle Diehl ◽  
Philip Kavlich ◽  
Jared Greiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor Cell ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor

scholarly journals GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 462-468
Author(s):  
M. IKRAM ◽  
SYED HAIDER HASAN ALAM ◽  
SHAFQAT MUKHTAR ◽  
M. Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus is common disorder in pregnancy. It is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. There is no consensus regarding the optimal approach to screening of gestational diabetes mellitus. The present study has tried toobserve the value of fasting blood glucose in screening of gestational diabetes. Objective: To determine the frequency of patients in whomfasting blood glucose and 100gm glucose tolerance show agreement for screening of gestational diabetes mellitus at 24 -28 wks. Studydesign: Comparative cross sectional study. Settings: The study was conducted at Gynecology and Obstetrics department Shaikh ZayedFederal Post Graduate Institute Lahore. Duration of study with dates: 6 months from 12Nov 2010 to 11 May 2011. Material and method: Thestudy included 135 booked patients with positive family history of diabetes mellitus. All patients underwent fasting blood glucose at 24-28 weeksof gestation, regardless of results of fasting blood glucose on next visit they underwent 100g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The agreementbetween fasting blood glucose and 100g oral glucose tolerance test was calculated in frequency and percentages. Results: The mean age ofwomen in studied population was 27.15±3.70.Out of 135 patients 86.7 %( 117) showed agreement between results of fasting blood glucose and100g OGTT while 13.31 %( 18) showed no agreement between both of the tests. Conclusions: Fasting blood glucose is a good screeningoption for gestational diabetes mellitus along with positive history. It provides a simple, cheap and more practical test for screening of gestationaldiabetes mellitus. However diagnostic confirmation with 100g OGTT should be done.

scholarly journals An evolving spectrum of diabetes in a woman with GCK-MODY

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoife Garrahy ◽  
Matilde Bettina Mijares Zamuner ◽  
Maria M Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
List Type ◽  
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Frequent Episodes ◽  
First Case

Summary Coexistence of autoimmune diabetes and maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is rare. We report the first case of coexisting latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood (LADA) and glucokinase (GCK) MODY. A 32-year-old woman was treated with insulin for gestational diabetes at age 32 years; post-partum, her fasting blood glucose was 6.0 mmol/L and 2-h glucose was 11.8 mmol/L following an oral glucose tolerance test, and she was maintained on diet alone. Five years later, a diagnosis of LADA was made when she presented with fasting blood glucose of 20.3 mmol/L and HbA1C 125 mmol/mol (13.6%). GCK-MODY was identified 14 years later when genetic testing was prompted by identification of a mutation in her cousin. Despite multiple daily insulin injections her glycaemic control remained above target and her clinical course has been complicated by multiple episodes of hypoglycaemia with unawareness. Although rare, coexistence of latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood and monogenic diabetes should be considered if there is a strong clinical suspicion, for example, family history. Hypoglycaemic unawareness developed secondary to frequent episodes of hypoglycaemia using standard glycaemic targets for LADA. This case highlights the importance of setting fasting glucose targets within the expected range for GCK-MODY in subjects with coexisting LADA. Learning points: We report the first case of coexisting latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood (LADA) and GCK-MODY. It has been suggested that mutations in GCK may lead to altered counter-regulation and recognition of hypoglycaemia at higher blood glucose levels than patients without such mutation. However, in our case, hypoglycaemic unawareness developed secondary to frequent episodes of hypoglycaemia using standard glycaemic targets for LADA. This case highlights the importance of setting fasting glucose targets within the expected range for GCK-MODY in subjects with coexisting LADA to avoid hypoglycaemia.

scholarly journals Elevated Circulating Fetuin-B Levels Are Associated with Insulin Resistance and Reduced by GLP-1RA in Newly Diagnosed PCOS Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mani Mokou ◽  
Shan Yang ◽  
Bin Zhan ◽  
Shan Geng ◽  
Kejia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Tnf Α

Background. Previous studies have suggested that Fetuin-B seems to be a secreted adipokine related to metabolic diseases. However, the results have been inconsistent. Here, our objective is to investigate the changes in circulating Fetuin-B levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and analyze the association of Fetuin-B and insulin resistance (IR). Methods. The current study is comprised of a cross-sectional study and a series of interventional studies. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) were engaged to assess glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Serum Fetuin-B levels were determined by ELISA. Results. Serum Fetuin-B and TNF-α levels were markedly increased in women with PCOS compared to healthy women. Circulating Fetuin-B was positively associated with body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, the percentage of body fat (FAT%), systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, 2 h blood glucose after glucose overload, fasting insulin, 2 h insulin after glucose overload, HOMA-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), the area under the curve for insulin (AUCi), AUCg, and TNF-α, while negatively associated with M value and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH). During the EHC, Fetuin-B levels were found to be significantly increased in PCOS women. After a glucose challenge, serum Fetuin-B levels in healthy women were significantly increased. Lipid infusion reduced serum Fetuin-B levels in 30 healthy subjects. After six months of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) intervention, serum Fetuin-B concentrations in PCOS women markedly decreased following ameliorated IR. Conclusion. Our results indicate that Fetuin-B may be a biomarker of IR in individuals with PCOS. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-IIR-16007901.

scholarly journals The Role of Untimed Blood Glucose in Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a High Prevalent Diabetic Population

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cuschieri ◽  
Johann Craus ◽  
Charles Savona-Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Screening Protocol

Global prevalence increase of diabetes type 2 and gestational diabetes (GDM) has led to increased awareness and screening of pregnant women for GDM. Ideally screening for GDM should be done by an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT), which is laborious and time consuming. A randomized glucose test incorporated with anthropomorphic characteristics may be an appropriate cost-effective combined clinical and biochemical screening protocol for clinical practice as well as cutting down on oGTTs. A retrospective observational study was performed on a randomized sample of pregnant women who required an OGTT during their pregnancy. Biochemical and anthropomorphic data along with obstetric outcomes were statistically analyzed. Backward stepwise logistic regression and receiver operating characteristics curves were used to obtain a suitable predictor for GDM without an oGTT and formulate a screening protocol. Significant GDM predictive variables were fasting blood glucose (p=0.0001) and random blood glucose (p=0.012). Different RBG and FBG cutoff points with anthropomorphic characteristics were compared to carbohydrate metabolic status to diagnose GDM without oGTT, leading to a screening protocol. A screening protocol incorporating IADPSG diagnostic criteria, BMI, and different RBG and FBG criteria would help predict GDM among high-risk populations earlier and reduce the need for oGTT test.

scholarly journals Treatment with the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Vildagliptin Improves Fasting Islet-Cell Function in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. D'Alessio ◽  
Amanda M. Denney ◽  
Linda M. Hermiller ◽  
Ronald L. Prigeon ◽  
Julie M. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽  
Islet Function ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4

Abstract Context: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are proposed to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by prolonging the activity of the circulating incretins, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Consistent with this mechanism of action, DPP-4 inhibitors improve glucose tolerance after meals by increasing insulin and reducing glucagon levels in the plasma. However, DPP-4 inhibitors also reduce fasting blood glucose, an unexpected effect because circulating levels of active GIP and GLP-1 are low in the postabsorptive state. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the effects of DPP-4 inhibition on fasting islet function. Design: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: The study was performed in General Clinical Research Centers at two University Hospitals. Subjects: Forty-one subjects with T2DM were treated with metformin or diet, having good glycemic control with glycosylated hemoglobin values of 6.2–7.5%. Intervention: Subjects were treated with vildagliptin (50 mg twice daily) or placebo for 3 months, followed by a 2-wk washout. Major Outcome Measure: We measured insulin secretion in response to iv glucose and arginine before and after treatment and after drug washout. Results: There were small and comparable reductions in glycosylated hemoglobin in both groups over 3 months. Vildagliptin increased fasting GLP-1 levels in subjects taking metformin, but not those managed with diet, and raised active GIP levels slightly. DPP-4 inhibitor treatment improved the acute insulin and C-peptide responses to glucose (50 and 100% respectively; P < 0.05) and increased the slope of the C-peptide response to glucose (33%; P = 0.023). Conclusion: Vildagliptin improves islet function in T2DM under fasting conditions. This suggests that DPP-4 inhibition has metabolic benefits in addition to enhancing meal-induced GLP-1 and GIP activity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document