Fractionation of Cellulose-Rich Products from an Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) by Means of Steam Explosion Followed by Organosolv Treatment

In this study an empty fruit bunch (EFB) was subjected to a two-step pretreatment to defragment cellulose-rich fractions as well as lignin polymers from its cell walls. First pretreatment: acid-catalyzed steam explosion (ACSE) pretreatment of EFB was conducted under the temperature range of 180–220 °C and residence time of 5–20 min. The ACSE-treated EFB was further placed into the reactor containing 50% aq. ethanol and NaOH as a catalyst and heated at a temperature of 160 °C for 120 min for the second pretreatment: alkali-catalyzed organosolv treatment (ACO). The mass balance and properties of treated EFB were affected by the residence time. The lowest yield of a solid fraction was obtained when the residence time was kept at 15 min. Xylose drastically decreased, especially under the ACSE pretreatment. However, the crystallinity of cellulose increased by increasing the severity factor of the pretreatment and was 47.8% and 57% udner the most severe conditions. The organosolv lignin fractions also showed the presence of 14 major peaks via their pyrolysis-GC analysis. From here, it can be suggested that this kind of pretreatment can indeed be one potential option for lignocellulosic pretreatment.

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An extensive parameter study of hydrotropic extraction of steam-pretreated birch

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery ◽

10.1007/s13399-021-01425-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Johanna Olsson ◽

Michael Persson ◽

Mats Galbe ◽

Ola Wallberg ◽

Ann-Sofi Jönsson

Keyword(s):

Residence Time ◽

Steam Explosion ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Initial Step ◽

Parameter Study ◽

Hydrothermal Degradation ◽

Steam Explosion Pretreatment ◽

Lignin Extraction ◽

Extraction Step ◽

Lignin Recovery

AbstractEfficient fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass is an important step toward the replacement of fossil-based products. However, the utilisation of all of the components in biomass requires various fractionation techniques. One promising process configuration is to apply steam explosion for the recovery of hemicelluloses and a subsequent hydrotropic extraction step for the delignification of the remaining solids. In this work, the influence of residence time, temperature and biomass loading on lignin recovery from birch using sodium xylene sulphonate as a hydrotrope was investigated. Our results show that residence time, temperature and biomass loading correlate positively with lignin extraction, but the effects of these parameters were limited. Furthermore, when steam explosion was implemented as the initial step, hydrotropic extraction could be performed even at room temperature, yielding a lignin extraction of 50%. Also, hydrothermal degradation of the material was necessary for efficient delignification with sodium xylene sulphonate, regardless of whether it occurs during steam explosion pretreatment or is achieved at high temperatures during the hydrotropic extraction.

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Peningkatan Produksi Gula Pereduksi dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dengan Praperlakuan Asam Organik pada Reaktor Bertekanan

REAKTOR ◽

10.14710/reaktor.16.4.199-206 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 199

Author(s):

Fahriya Puspita Sari ◽

Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat ◽

Sita Heris Anita ◽

Fitria Fitria ◽

Euis Hermiati

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Oxalic Acid ◽

Organic Acid ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Maleic Acid ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Sugar Production ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Acid Pretreatment ◽

Severity Factor

ENHANCEMENT OF REDUCING SUGAR PRODUCTION FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH BY PRETREATMENT USING ORGANIC ACID IN PRESSURIZED REACTOR. Organic acids are potential to create more environmentally friendly process in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. This study was aimed to investigate the influence of organic acid pretreatment in reducing sugar production in a pressurized reactor with various resident times and temperatures on enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB. Two different organic acids (maleic acid and oxalic acid) were used in the pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) using a pressurized reactor. Factorial design using three different temperatures (170, 180, and 190°C) and four resident times (15, 30, 45, and 60 min) were employed, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Each condition conducted two repetitions. Analysis was conducted on the reducing sugar that was produced after saccharification by means of the severity factor of each pretreatment condition. Maleic acid showed higher reducing sugar yield with lower severity factor than oxalic acid with the same operating conditions. The highest yield of reducing sugars (80.84%) was obtained using maleic acid at 170 for 60 minutes with severity factor of 1.836. Keywords: bioethanol; organic acid pretreatment; pressurized reactor; severity factor; oil palm empty fruit bunches; Abstrak Asam organik berpotensi dalam membantu proses praperlakuan dari biomassa lignoselulosa untuk memproduksi bioetanol yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh asam organik, suhu dan waktu operasi terhadap produksi gula pereduksi dengan reaktor bertekanan pada tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Dua asam organik yang berbeda yaitu asam oksalat dan asam maleat digunakan untuk proses praperlakuan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dengan bantuan reaktor bertekanan. Dalam proses praperlakuan digunakan tiga suhu yang berbeda yaitu suhu 170, 180, dan 190°C dan empat waktu operasi 15, 30, 45, dan 60 min yang dilanjutkan dengan proses hidrolisis enzimatis. Setiap kondisi dilakukan dua kali pengulangan. Analisa yang digunakan adalah analisa uji gula pereduksi dan severity factor pada kondisi tiap praperlakuan. Asam maleat menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dengan severity factor yang lebih rendah dibandingkan menggunakan asam oksalat dengan kondisi operasi yang sama. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa praperlakuan tandan kosong kelapa sawit dengan bantuan reaktor bertekanan memiliki rendemen gula pereduksi optimum sebesar 80,84% dengan menggunakan asam maleat pada suhu 170°C selama 60 menit dengan severity factor sebesar 1,836. Kata kunci: bioetanol; praperlakuan asam organik; reaktor bertekanan; severity factor; tandan kosong kelapa sawit.

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Production of Bioethanol from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch via Acid Impregnation-Steam Explosion Pretreatment

Waste and Biomass Valorization ◽

10.1007/s12649-017-9924-y ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1407-1414 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pornpun Siramon ◽

Vittaya Punsuvon ◽

Pilanee Vaithanomsat

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Steam Explosion ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Steam Explosion Pretreatment

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Production of Carbohydrates from Cardoon Pre-Treated by Acid-Catalyzed Steam Explosion and Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12224288 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (22) ◽

pp. 4288 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alessandro Bertini ◽

Mattia Gelosia ◽

Gianluca Cavalaglio ◽

Marco Barbanera ◽

Tommaso Giannoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Steam Explosion ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Liquid Fraction ◽

Raw Material ◽

Total Carbohydrate ◽

Carbohydrate Degradation ◽

Acid Catalyzed ◽

Pre Treatment

Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) is a promising crop from which to obtain oilseeds and lignocellulosic biomass. Acid-catalyzed steam explosion is a thermochemical process that can efficiently pre-treat lignocellulosic biomass. The drawback is the production of a high number of carbohydrate degradation products in the liquid fraction that could inhibit microbial growth. In this work, the lignocellulosic biomass of cardoon, gathered from a dedicated field, were used as the raw material for the production of fermentable monosaccharides by employing acid-catalyzed steam explosion. The raw material was pre-soaked with a dilute 1% (w/w) sulfuric acid solution and then subjected to steam explosion under three different severity conditions. The recovered slurry was separated into solid and liquid fractions, which were individually characterized to determine total carbohydrate and inhibitor concentrations. The slurry and the washed solid fraction underwent enzymatic hydrolysis to release glucose and pentose monosaccharides. By conducting the pre-treatment at 175 °C for 35 min and hydrolyzing the obtained slurry, a yield of 33.17 g of monosaccharides/100 g of cardoon was achieved. At the same conditions, 4.39 g of inhibitors/100 g of cardoon were produced.

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Effects of operational conditions on auto-catalyzed and sulfuric-acid-catalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse at different severity factor

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.113077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 159 ◽

pp. 113077

Author(s):

Dimitrios Ilanidis ◽

Stefan Stagge ◽

Leif J. Jönsson ◽

Carlos Martín

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Hydrothermal Pretreatment ◽

Severity Factor ◽

Operational Conditions ◽

Acid Catalyzed

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Effective changes in cellulose cell walls, gas permeability and sound absorption capability of Cocos nucifera (palmwood) by steam explosion

Cellulose ◽

10.1007/s10570-021-03891-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Haradhan Kolya ◽

Chun-Won Kang

Keyword(s):

Cell Walls ◽

Steam Explosion ◽

Sound Absorption ◽

Gas Permeability ◽

Cocos Nucifera

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Sodium Hydroxide-Steam Explosion Treated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch: Ethanol Production and Co-Fermentation with Cane Molasses

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.11.3.7849-7858 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Trinset Weeraphan ◽

Vasana Tolieng Tolieng ◽

Vichien Kitpreechavanich ◽

Somboon Tanasupawat ◽

Ancharida Akaracharanya

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Production ◽

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Steam Explosion ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Cane Molasses

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Effects of steam-exploded wood as an insoluble dietary fiber source on the performance characteristics of broilers

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.14.1.1512-1524 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 1512-1524

Author(s):

Ji Young Jung ◽

Jung Min Heo ◽

Jae-Kyung Yang

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Steam Explosion ◽

Control Diet ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Performance Characteristics ◽

Severity Factor ◽

Insoluble Dietary Fiber ◽

Factor Log ◽

Insoluble Fiber

Effects of modified insoluble fiber originating from steam-exploded Quercus mongolica were studied relative to growth performance, blood parameters, intestinal morphology, and other intestinal characteristics in poultry broilers. First, the effect of steam-explosion on physicochemical properties of insoluble fiber from Q. mongolica was investigated. Steam-explosion (severity factor Log (Ro) = 3.94) was found to increase the physical properties (water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, and swelling capacity) of Q. mongolica chip to different extents. Effects of feeding different concentrations of steam-exploded Q. mongolica on performance characteristics of broilers were investigated. Experimental diets of broilers consisted of a control diet (free of steam-exploded Q. mongolica), and four diets containing 0.5% to 2.0% steam-exploded Q. mongolica (severity factor Log (Ro) = 3.94). A diet containing 1.0% steam-exploded Q. mongolica promoted broiler growth performance (body weight (858.9 g) and improved blood characteristics (130.0 mg/dL), intestinal morphology (V:C ratio 7.50), and organ weights (length of intestine 17.6 cm/100 g body weight).

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