Effects of steam-exploded wood as an insoluble dietary fiber source on the performance characteristics of broilers

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1512-1524
Author(s):  
Ji Young Jung ◽  
Jung Min Heo ◽  
Jae-Kyung Yang
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Severity Factor ◽  
Insoluble Dietary Fiber ◽  
Factor Log ◽  
Insoluble Fiber

Effects of modified insoluble fiber originating from steam-exploded Quercus mongolica were studied relative to growth performance, blood parameters, intestinal morphology, and other intestinal characteristics in poultry broilers. First, the effect of steam-explosion on physicochemical properties of insoluble fiber from Q. mongolica was investigated. Steam-explosion (severity factor Log (Ro) = 3.94) was found to increase the physical properties (water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, and swelling capacity) of Q. mongolica chip to different extents. Effects of feeding different concentrations of steam-exploded Q. mongolica on performance characteristics of broilers were investigated. Experimental diets of broilers consisted of a control diet (free of steam-exploded Q. mongolica), and four diets containing 0.5% to 2.0% steam-exploded Q. mongolica (severity factor Log (Ro) = 3.94). A diet containing 1.0% steam-exploded Q. mongolica promoted broiler growth performance (body weight (858.9 g) and improved blood characteristics (130.0 mg/dL), intestinal morphology (V:C ratio 7.50), and organ weights (length of intestine 17.6 cm/100 g body weight).

scholarly journals Effect of dietary supplementation of seaweed (Ulva lactuca) and Azolla on growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical parameters of Aseel chicken

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayalingam Thavasi Alagan ◽  
Rajesh Nakulan Vatsala ◽  
Ilavarasan Sagadevan ◽  
Vairamuthu Subbiah ◽  
Venkataramanan Ragothaman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Biochemical

Abstract Background An effort was made to assess the effectiveness of dietary supplementation of Ulva lactuca (U. lactuca), a seaweed and Azolla individually and in combination on different physiological parameters of Aseel chicken. A total of 40 Aseel chicks of 8 weeks old were allocated into four groups, C1 (control), T1 (Azolla alone), T2 (seaweed alone) and T3 (seaweed plus Azolla). Aseel chicks in C1 were fed with formulated grower feed alone, birds in T1 had control diet with 5% Azolla, birds in T2 had control diet with 3% U. lactuca and birds in T3 had control diet admixtured with 5% of Azolla and 3% of U. lactuca. Parameters were recorded for a continuous period of 2 months in 15 days interval. Results The growth performance was found to be significant (P ≤ 0.05) during 30 days of feed trials and highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) during 45 and 60 days of treatment. Birds in T3 had a higher body weight gain, shank length and feed conversion efficiency followed with T1 and T2 compared to C1. PCV, RBC, WBC and heterophil counts were not influenced (P ≥ 0.05) by dietary treatments. Uric acid, creatinine, AST, glucose, triglycerides and magnesium levels revealed a high significant (P ≤ 0.01) variation, and cholesterol level showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) changes during 30th and 60th day of feed trials between the control and treatment groups. Total protein, globulin, phosphorus and electrolytes like Na, K and Cl levels were not significant (P ≥ 0.05) during 30th day and were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) during the 60th day of the trial. Conclusions It could be noted that inclusion of U. lactuca and Azolla as feed supplement in grower chicken had a better body weight gain when given in combination (U. lactuca and Azolla) rather than supplemented with the sole entity. Based on the haematological and serum biochemical analysis, the supplementation of U. lactuca and Azolla at the levels included in this trial did not pose any threat to the physiological well-being of Aseel chicken.

Effect of Yeast Type and Dose on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Rabbits Fed Maize or Barley

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr M.A. Elmasry ◽  
Luis A. Miranda ◽  
Germán Mendoza ◽  
Fernando X. Plata
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Yeast Concentration

Background: The effects of the probiotics vary with the doses and strains used for this reason, a study was conducted over 35 days to determine the effect of live yeast supplementation in the diet of growing rabbits on growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility.Methods: A total of 60 New Zealand and California rabbits (5 weeks old, average body weight 0.881±0.015 kg) were housed in 30 cages. They were fed with a control diet based on alfalfa and maize or barley grains and supplemented with Procreatin®7 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I 1077) or Biosaf® SC47 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC Sc47) at three doses, namely 0, 6.4, or 12.8 ×109 CFU per kg basal diet.Result: The higher yeast concentration had a positive effect (P less than 0.01) on final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and carcass weight (CW). However, there were no significant differences in dry matter intake. As a result of this, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased (P less than 0.01). Significant increases (P less than 0.05) in nutrient digestibility (DM, OM, NDF and ADF) were observed with both grains. The use of yeast in maize and barley-based diets of rabbits has positive effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility.

scholarly journals Effect of extruded full-fat soybeans on performance, amino acids digestibility, trypsin activity, and intestinal morphology in broilers

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 470-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Foltyn ◽  
V. Rada ◽  
M. Lichovníková ◽  
I. Šafařík ◽  
A. Lohniský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Trypsin Activity ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Different Levels

The influence of different levels of extruded full-fat soybean (EFFSB) in the diet on growth performance, apparent ileal amino acids digestibility (AIAAD), intestinal morphology, and trypsin activity in digesta of broilers was determined. In the first experiment, two-hundred sixty ROSS 308 male chickens were used to investigate the effect of EFFSB on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and trypsin activity in the digesta and AIAAD. Five dietary treatments were used, containing 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 g/kg of EFFSB. The experiment lasted from day 10 till day 38 of age. The inclusion of EFFSB at the level of 160 g/kg in the diet significantly (P < 0.05) decreased final body weight (2443 g in 0 group vs. 2093 in 160 group) and worsened feed efficiency. AIAAD was lower when diet contained more than 40 g/kg EFFSB. But at the level of 160 g/kg AIAAD increased in several amino acids (threonine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine). Trypsin activity increased with increasing EFFSB in the diets. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in AIAAD between groups 80, 120, and 160. Villus height (groups 0: 966.2; 4: 852.1; 8: 792.6; 12: 836.3; 16: 926.7 µm) and crypt depth (groups 0: 160.1; 4: 134.8; 8: 122.9; 12: 129.5; 16: 134.6 µm) of ileum decreased with inclusion of EFFSB in the diet, but villi/crypt ratio increased. In the second experiment, male chickens ROSS 308 were divided into 4 groups with 2 replicates per 100 chicks each. The groups were fed 0, 40, 80, and 120 g/kg of EFFSB. The experiment lasted from day 10 till day 38 of age. Final body weight (2594 g in 0 group vs. 2624 g in 120 group) was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by the diet. The study showed that EFFSB at the level of 120 g/kg in grower broiler diet had no adverse effect on performance.  

scholarly journals Intestinal morphology and growth performance of the Indonesian indigenous crossbred chickens supplemented with formic acid and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-355
Author(s):  
S. N. Erya ◽  
H. I. Wahyuni ◽  
T. Yudiarti ◽  
E. Widiastuti ◽  
S. Sugiharto
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Intestinal Ecology

The study investigated gut ecology and morphology of the Indonesian indigenous crossbred chickens (IICC) supplemented with the combination of formic acid and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two hundreds day-old IICC were distributed to T0 (control diet), T1 (T0 + 0.2% formic acid), T2 (T0 + 0.3% S. cerevisiae), T3 (T0 + 0.2% formic acid and 0.3% S. cerevisiae). Excreta was collected at week 8, while intestinal ecology and morphology were determined at week 9. In duodenum, T3 chicks showed higher and wider (P<0.05) villi. The T2 and T3 chicks showed deeper (P<0.05) crypt than that of T0. The jejunal villi was higher (P<0.05) in T3 than in T0. The T3 chicks had deeper (P<0.05) crypt compared to other groups. In ileum, the villi height was lowest (P<0.05) in T0. The crypt was deeper (P<0.05) in T3 than in other. Crude protein digestibility coefficient was highest (P<0.05), while fecal protein was loswest (P<0.05) in T1 than in other groups. Compared to T0, the treated IICC showed higher (P<0.05) weight gain and feed intake with T3 had the highest gain and intake but gain:feed rasio was the lowest (P>0.05). IIn conclusion, the inclusion of formic acid and S. cerevisiae in diets improved intestinal ecology and morphology. The IICC chickens fed with formic acid and S. cerevisiae exhibited improved growth performance and nutrient digestibility. 

scholarly journals Growth performance, blood profile and economic analysis of broilers fed fermented mixture of cassava flour and bovine blood (cassablood) based diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 254-262
Author(s):  
A. O. Aniebo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Cassava Flour ◽  
Biochemical Indices

The effect of dietary treatments on growth performance, haematological and biochemical indices of finisher broilers as well as economics of broiler production were determined in this fermented cassava flour/blood mixture code-named "cassablood". The control diet (T1) contained 0% cassablood, while diets 2, 3 and 4 contained 20%, 25% and 30% cassablood respectively. 120 four weeks old Anak broiler chicken were randomly allocated the 4 diets with 30 birds per treatment replicated 3 times with ten 10 broilers per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatment effects on final body weight, final weight gain, feed intake and seed conversion ratio were significant (P<0.05). Birds fed cassablood based diets compared favourably with the control diet. 20% cassablood inclusion performed equally with the control diet in feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio.All dietary groups also showed no significant differences (P>0.05) in most haematological and serum biochemical indices of broilers except in cholesterol, glucose and triglyceride contentswhichdiffered (P<0.05) significantly. Similarly, chicken on 20% and 25% inclusion levels produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher economic gains in terms of feed cost per kilogram of broiler among all the treatments. Therefore, 20 - 25% cassablood dietary inclusion level was recommended in broiler diet for production and profit maximization.  

scholarly journals Excessive dietary lead reduces growth performance and increases lead accumulation in pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Hyunjun Choi ◽  
Sang Yun Ji ◽  
Hyunwoong Jo ◽  
Minho Song ◽  
Beob Gyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Pb Accumulation

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of dietary lead (Pb) supplementation and feeding period on growth performance, organ weight, and Pb accumulation in pigs.Methods: In a 56-day feeding experiment, a total of 48 barrows with initial body weight 10.4±0.6 kg were allotted to 2 dietary treatments (0 and 200 mg/kg of supplemental Pb) in a completely randomized design with 6 replicates. Body weight and feed intake were recorded to calculate growth performance. At the end of each 14 day-period (on days 14, 28, 42, and 56), an animal was randomly selected from each pen and slaughtered to collect blood samples, hair samples, left 5th rib, heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, and longissimus dorsi muscle samples.Results: Average daily gain and average daily feed intake were reduced (p<0.05) by supplemental Pb during the day 42 to 56. Relative kidney weight to body weight was linearly increased with increasing feeding period in pigs fed the Pb-supplemented diet, but not in pigs fed the control diet (p<0.05). The Pb concentrations in hair, left 5th rib, kidneys, and lungs were linearly increased with longer feeding period in pigs fed the Pb-supplemented diet, but not in pigs fed the control diet (p<0.01).Conclusion: Dietary Pb supplementation caused growth retardation and Pb accumulation in most organs, particularly in hair, bone, and kidneys in a time-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Growth performance, blood profile and economic analysis of broilers fed fermented mixture of cassava flour and bovine blood (cassablood) based diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-262
Author(s):  
A.O. Aniebo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cassava Flour ◽  
Biochemical Indices

The effect of dietary treatments on growth performance, haematological and biochemical indices of finisher broilers as well as economics of broiler production were determined in this experiment. Four broiler finisher diets were formulated with different inclusion levels of fermented cassava flour/blood mixture code-named “cassablood”. The control diet (T1) contained 0% cassablood, while diets 2, 3 and 4 contained 20%, 25% and 30%  cassablood respectively. 120 four weeks old Anak broiler chicken were randomly allocated the 4 diets with 30 birds per treatment replicated 3 times with ten 10 broilers per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD).Treatment effects on final body weight, final weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significant (P<0.05). Birds fed cassabloodbased diets compared favourably with the control diet. 20% cassablood inclusion performed equally with the control diet in feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. All dietary groups also showed no significant differences (P>0.05) in most haematological and serum biochemical indices of broilers except in cholesterol, glucose and triglyceride contents which differed (P<0.05) significantly Similarly, chicken on 20% and 25% inclusion levels produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher economic gains in terms of feed cost per kilogram of broiler among all the treatments. Therefore, 20 - 25% cassablood dietary inclusion level was recommended in broiler diet for production and profit maximization.

scholarly journals Effects of Purified Jatropha curcas Seed Oil-Based Diet on Growth Performance and Hematological Parameters of Albino Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Maiyaki-Musa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Test Diet

The effect of inclusion of Jatropha curcas seed oil, as a source of oil in the feed of animal, on growth performance, hematological parameters and histology was investigated. Feed intake, average body weight gain and mortality were also monitored. Milled Jatropha curcas seeds were subjected to oil extraction using batch method. Hematological parameters were determined using standard operating procedures. Twenty weanling albino rats with mean weights ranging from 41.57± 7.90 g, were divided into two groups. The first group was placed on soybean oil-based (control) diet (4% oil) while the second group was placed on Jatropha curcas seed oil-based diet (4% oil), for four weeks. There was a significant higher difference (P<0.05) in the growth performance of rats fed the control diet when compared with the test group. The animals placed on the control diet showed significantly higher (P<0.05) body weight when compared with the test diet during the last week of experimentation and this might be due to the low digestibility of the Jatropha curcas seed oil-based diet. The result also shows a higher percentage mortality in the group fed the test diet when compared with those fed the control diet. Hematological parameters did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in both the control and test diets respectively but a significantly higher difference in neutrophils of those fed the control diet when compared with those fed test diet. This may signify that continuous ingestion of Jatropha curcas seed oil may reduce the body’s immunity against infections. The histological assessment of liver, kidney, heart and small intestine revealed no visible lesion. Overall, the result showed that Jatropha curcas seed oil has the potential of been a source of oil in animal diet if complete detoxification can be achieved.

scholarly journals Effects of Low-Protein Diets and Exogenous Protease on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Intestinal Morphology, Cecal Volatile Fatty Acids and Serum Parameters in Broilers

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gervais Ndazigaruye ◽  
Da-Hye Kim ◽  
Chang-Won Kang ◽  
Kyung-Rae Kang ◽  
Yong-Jin Joo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Low Protein

Dietary exogenous proteases (ENZ) can be used in poultry production to improve the growth of chickens fed low-protein (LP) diets. We hypothesized that ENZ supplemented in an LP diet would improve growth performance and physiological response in broilers for 8–35 days. To investigate this, we used a 2 × 2 factorial design with crude protein (CP, normal diet (NP) and LP) and ENZ. The LP diet contained low in 1% CP and ca. 8–12% amino acids compared to the NP diet and both NP and LP diets were added without or with (1 g/kg of diet) ENZ. We randomly allocated 720 1-week-old Ross 308 male chicks to 48 pens and experimental diets. At 21 days, dietary ENZ, but not CP, increased (p = 0.007) live body weight. Body weight gain from 8–21 days was affected (p = 0.006) by dietary ENZ, but was not affected (p = 0.210) by CP. The feed conversion ratio was affected by both CP and ENZ during the starter period (p < 0.05), by ENZ (p = 0.034) during the finisher period, and by CP (p < 0.001) during the whole period. However, the interaction between CP and ENZ did not significantly affect growth performance (p > 0.05). Dietary ENZ increased (p = 0.013) the relative weight of liver at 21 days. CP and ENZ affected (p = 0.043) total short-chain fatty acids at 21 days. However, this effect was not seen (p = 0.888) at 35 days. Dietary CP increased (p < 0.05) the serum concentrations of both uric acid and creatinine in broilers. We concluded that dietary ENZ is more beneficial to younger broilers, independent of CP levels, and that its effect was restricted to body weight and the feed conversion ratio.

scholarly journals Effect of Alliaceae Extract Supplementation on Performance and Intestinal Microbiota of Growing-Finishing Pig

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Jesús Sánchez ◽  
Silvia Martínez-Miró ◽  
Juan José Ariza ◽  
Josefa Madrid ◽  
Juan Orengo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Clostridium Spp

The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether an Allium spp. extract rich in organosulfur compounds, such as propyl thiosulfonate (PTSO), added to the feed of growing-finishing pigs at 5 g/kg enhances growth performance or affects the fecal microbiome, the levels of short-chain fatty acids, or the antioxidant capacity of the animals. Fifty male growing pigs (large white) of 23.07 ± 2.87 kg average body weight were randomly allotted to two treatments in a 103-day trial. The trial was divided into two periods, an initial growing phase (56-days) and a finishing phase (47-days). Two dietary treatments for each phase (growing and finishing) were used: a control diet (CON) and an experimental diet consisting of the control diet to which 5 g/kg of Allium spp. extract was added to substitute sepiolite (GAR). Throughout the study, body weight, average daily gain (kg/day, ADG), feed intake (kg/day), and feed conversion ratio (kg/kg) were measured, while the backfat thickness and muscle depth were determined at the end of the study. Besides, feces samples were taken for bacterial counts by means of real-time PCR and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile determination, and the antioxidant capacity was assessed in serum and saliva. In the animals receiving Allium spp. extract (5 g/kg) in the feed, ADG increased (p < 0.05) throughout the trial, Salmonella spp. and Clostridium spp. counts in feces had decreased (p < 0.05) when measured on day 56, and, by day 103, Salmonella spp., Clostridium spp., and Enterobacteriaceae counts had decreased (p < 0.05) and Lactobacillus spp. counts had increased (p < 0.01) in feces. Regarding the SCFA profile in feces and antioxidant capacity measured in serum and saliva, supplementation with Allium spp. extract significantly increased the levels of propionic, isobutyric, and isovaleric acids and the percentage of total branched fatty acids, while the c2/c3 and (c2 + c4)/c3 ratios were lower (p < 0.05) in feces; the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity levels in serum were significantly higher in the same pigs on day 103 than on day 0. Consequently, based on the current results, Allium spp. extract rich in organosulfur compounds, added to the diet at 5 g/kg, had a beneficial effect on the microbiota and would seem to be a possible alternative for increasing the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs. However, further studies on the effects of Allium spp. supplementation on carcass quality are necessary.

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