scholarly journals Lactic Acid Modified Natural Rubber–Bacterial Cellulose Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirilak Phomrak ◽  
Muenduen Phisalaphong
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Green Composite ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Cellulose Composites ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hacat Cell Lines

Green composite films of natural rubber/bacterial cellulose composites (NRBC) were prepared via a latex aqueous microdispersion process. The acid modified natural rubber/bacterial cellulose composites (ANRBC), in which lactic acid was used, showed significant improvement in mechanical properties, melting temperature, and high resistance to polar and non-polar solvents. The ANRBC films exhibited improved water resistance over that of BC and NRBC films, and possessed a higher resistance to non-polar solvents, such as toluene, than NR and NRBC films. The modification had a slight effect on the degradability of the composite films in soil. The NRBC and ANRBC films were biodegradable; the NRBC80 and ANRBC80 films were degraded completely within 3 months in soil. NRBC and ANRBC showed no antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and did not show cytotoxic effects on the HEK293 and HaCaT cell lines.

Improvement of the Functionalities of Natural Rubber/Cellulose Composites Using Epoxidized Natural Rubber

2015 ◽  
Vol 1110 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Kunihiro Araki ◽  
Syonosuke Kaneko ◽  
Koki Matsumoto ◽  
Asahiro Nagatani ◽  
Tatsuya Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Vibration Damping ◽  
Butyl Rubber ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Green Composite ◽  
Gas Barrier ◽  
Barrier Materials ◽  
Cellulose Composites

We investigated the efficient use of cellulose to resolve the problem of the depletion of fossil resources. In this study, as the biomass material, the green composite based on natural rubber (NR) and the flake-shaped cellulose particles (FSCP) was produced. Moreover, in order to improve vibration-damping and O2barrier properties, NR and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) blends were also used. In addition, butyl rubber (IIR) was used as a target of damping or gas-barrier materials. Vibration-damping and O2barrier properties of the composite including FSCP was increased with increasing ENR content. In particular, we found that ENR-50 composite containing 50 phr FSCP has higher vibration-damping property than IIR composite containing 50 phr carbon black.

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose Reinforced with Natural Rubber

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornkamol Potivara ◽  
Muenduen Phisalaphong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Hydrocarbon Polymer ◽  
Structural Networks ◽  
Film Characteristics

Films of bacterial cellulose (BC) reinforced by natural rubber (NR) with remarkably high mechanical strength were developed by combining the prominent mechanical properties of multilayer BC nanofibrous structural networks and the high elastic hydrocarbon polymer of NR. BC pellicle was immersed in a diluted NR latex (NRL) suspension in the presence of ethanol aqueous solution. Effects of NRL concentrations (0.5%–10% dry rubber content, DRC) and immersion temperatures (30–70 °C) on the film characteristics were studied. It was revealed that the combination of nanocellulose fibrous networks and NR polymer provided a synergistic effect on the mechanical properties of NR–BC films. In comparison with BC films, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the NR–BC films were considerably improved ~4-fold. The NR–BC films also exhibited improved water resistance over that of BC films and possessed a high resistance to non-polar solvents such as toluene. NR–BC films were biodegradable and could be degraded completely within 5–6 weeks in soil.

scholarly journals Reinforcement of Natural Rubber with Bacterial Cellulose via a Latex Aqueous Microdispersion Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirilak Phomrak ◽  
Muenduen Phisalaphong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties

Natural rubber (NR) composites were reinforced with bacterial cellulose (BC) to improve mechanical and physical properties. The natural rubber bacterial cellulose (NRBC) composite films were prepared via a latex aqueous microdispersion process by a thorough mixing of BC slurry with natural rubber latex (NRL). The structural morphology and chemical and physical properties of NRBC composites were investigated. The hydrophilicity, opacity, and crystallinity of the NRBC composites were significantly enhanced because of the added BC. By loading BC at 80 wt.%, the mechanical properties, such as Young’s modulus and tensile strength, were 4,128.4 MPa and 75.1 MPa, respectively, which were approximately 2,580 times and 94 times those of pure NR films, respectively, whereas the elongation at break of was decreased to 0.04 of that of the NR film. Because of its high mechanical strength and thermal stability, the NRBC composites have potential uses as high mechanical strength rubber-based products and bioelastic packaging in many applications.

scholarly journals A Review: Research Progress in Modification of Poly (Lactic Acid) by Lignin and Cellulose

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Sixiang Zhai ◽  
Qingying Liu ◽  
Yuelong Zhao ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Biao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Green Composite ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Biomass Components

With the depletion of petroleum energy, the possibility of prices of petroleum-based materials increasing, and increased environmental awareness, biodegradable materials as a kind of green alternative have attracted more and more research attention. In this context, poly (lactic acid) has shown a unique combination of properties such as nontoxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and good workability. However, examples of its known drawbacks include poor tensile strength, low elongation at break, poor thermal properties, and low crystallization rate. Lignocellulosic materials such as lignin and cellulose have excellent biodegradability and mechanical properties. Compounding such biomass components with poly (lactic acid) is expected to prepare green composite materials with improved properties of poly (lactic acid). This paper is aimed at summarizing the research progress of modification of poly (lactic acid) with lignin and cellulose made in in recent years, with emphasis on effects of lignin and cellulose on mechanical properties, thermal stability and crystallinity on poly (lactic acid) composite materials. Development of poly (lactic acid) composite materials in this respect is forecasted.

scholarly journals Plant Cell Wall Hydration and Plant Physiology: An Exploration of the Consequences of Direct Effects of Water Deficit on the Plant Cell Wall

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263
Author(s):  
David Stuart Thompson ◽  
Azharul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Degree Of Hydration ◽  
Cellulose Composites

The extensibility of synthetic polymers is routinely modulated by the addition of lower molecular weight spacing molecules known as plasticizers, and there is some evidence that water may have similar effects on plant cell walls. Furthermore, it appears that changes in wall hydration could affect wall behavior to a degree that seems likely to have physiological consequences at water potentials that many plants would experience under field conditions. Osmotica large enough to be excluded from plant cell walls and bacterial cellulose composites with other cell wall polysaccharides were used to alter their water content and to demonstrate that the relationship between water potential and degree of hydration of these materials is affected by their composition. Additionally, it was found that expansins facilitate rehydration of bacterial cellulose and cellulose composites and cause swelling of plant cell wall fragments in suspension and that these responses are also affected by polysaccharide composition. Given these observations, it seems probable that plant environmental responses include measures to regulate cell wall water content or mitigate the consequences of changes in wall hydration and that it may be possible to exploit such mechanisms to improve crop resilience.

Improvement of mechanical and impact performance of poly(lactic acid) by renewable modified natural rubber

2020 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 123800
Author(s):  
Wasan Tessanan ◽  
Ratana Chanthateyanonth ◽  
Masayuki Yamaguchi ◽  
Pranee Phinyocheep
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Performance

scholarly journals Biocomposites of Epoxidized Natural Rubber/Poly(lactic acid) Modified with Natural Fillers (Part I)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3150
Author(s):  
Anna Masek ◽  
Stefan Cichosz ◽  
Małgorzata Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Uv Aging ◽  
High Elasticity ◽  
Natural Fillers ◽  
Natural Additives

The study aimed to prepare sustainable and degradable elastic blends of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) that were reinforced with flax fiber (FF) and montmorillonite (MMT), simultaneously filling the gap in the literature regarding the PLA-containing polymer blends filled with natural additives. The performed study reveals that FF incorporation into ENR/PLA blend may cause a significant improvement in tensile strength from (10 ± 1) MPa for the reference material to (19 ± 2) MPa for the fibers-filled blend. Additionally, it was found that MMT employment in the role of the filler might contribute to ENR/PLA plasticization and considerably promote the blend elongation up to 600%. This proves the successful creation of the unique and eco-friendly PLA-containing polymer blend exhibiting high elasticity. Moreover, thanks to the performed accelerated thermo-oxidative and ultraviolet (UV) aging, it was established that MMT incorporation may delay the degradation of ENR/PLA blends under the abovementioned conditions. Additionally, mold tests revealed that plant-derived fiber addition might highly enhance the ENR/PLA blend’s biodeterioration potential enabling faster and more efficient growth of microorganisms. Therefore, materials presented in this research may become competitive and eco-friendly alternatives to commonly utilized petro-based polymeric products.

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