scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose Reinforced with Natural Rubber

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornkamol Potivara ◽  
Muenduen Phisalaphong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Hydrocarbon Polymer ◽  
Structural Networks ◽  
Film Characteristics

Films of bacterial cellulose (BC) reinforced by natural rubber (NR) with remarkably high mechanical strength were developed by combining the prominent mechanical properties of multilayer BC nanofibrous structural networks and the high elastic hydrocarbon polymer of NR. BC pellicle was immersed in a diluted NR latex (NRL) suspension in the presence of ethanol aqueous solution. Effects of NRL concentrations (0.5%–10% dry rubber content, DRC) and immersion temperatures (30–70 °C) on the film characteristics were studied. It was revealed that the combination of nanocellulose fibrous networks and NR polymer provided a synergistic effect on the mechanical properties of NR–BC films. In comparison with BC films, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the NR–BC films were considerably improved ~4-fold. The NR–BC films also exhibited improved water resistance over that of BC films and possessed a high resistance to non-polar solvents such as toluene. NR–BC films were biodegradable and could be degraded completely within 5–6 weeks in soil.

Cure and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Filled Bacterial Cellulose

2016 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Chaiwute Vudjung
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Mooney Viscosity

Natural rubber (NR) containing the nata de coco fiber or Bacterial cellulose (BC) was prepared by co-coagulation of BC and concentrated NR latex with CaCl2 and compounded by two roll mill. The effect of BC content was the important factor in this study. It was that found tensile strength and elongation at break of NR filled BC (NR/BC) decreased with increasing BC content. The addition of BC into NR affect Mooney viscosity of NR/BC masterbatch, with increasing BC content, scorch time and cure time of their compound decreased.

Effect of Oleic Acid on Properties of Natural Rubber Filled Bacterial Cellulose

2017 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 295-299
Author(s):  
Saowaluk Boonyod ◽  
Chaiwute Vudjung
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Mooney Viscosity

Natural rubber (NR) containing the nata de coco fiber or Bacterial cellulose (BC) was prepared by co-coagulation of BC and concentrated NR latex with CaCl2 and compounded by two roll mill. The effect of oleic acid (OA) containing in NR filled BC (NR/BC) was the important factor in this study. BC was varied from 0–25 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr), and the Mooney viscosity, cure characteristics and mechanical properties of NR/BC with and without OA as compatiblizer was evaluated. It was found that tear strength and elongation at break of NR/BC containing OA improved. The addition of OA into NR/BC affect vulcanization properties of NR/BC masterbatch that retard the cure time of their compound. Of all BC contents investigated, the vulcanized NR/BC at 10-20 phr of BC with OA shows the optimum tear strength and the morphology of the vulcanized NR/BC is improved by the addition of OA.

scholarly journals Reinforcement of Natural Rubber with Bacterial Cellulose via a Latex Aqueous Microdispersion Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirilak Phomrak ◽  
Muenduen Phisalaphong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties

Natural rubber (NR) composites were reinforced with bacterial cellulose (BC) to improve mechanical and physical properties. The natural rubber bacterial cellulose (NRBC) composite films were prepared via a latex aqueous microdispersion process by a thorough mixing of BC slurry with natural rubber latex (NRL). The structural morphology and chemical and physical properties of NRBC composites were investigated. The hydrophilicity, opacity, and crystallinity of the NRBC composites were significantly enhanced because of the added BC. By loading BC at 80 wt.%, the mechanical properties, such as Young’s modulus and tensile strength, were 4,128.4 MPa and 75.1 MPa, respectively, which were approximately 2,580 times and 94 times those of pure NR films, respectively, whereas the elongation at break of was decreased to 0.04 of that of the NR film. Because of its high mechanical strength and thermal stability, the NRBC composites have potential uses as high mechanical strength rubber-based products and bioelastic packaging in many applications.

Effect of Castor Oil Impregnation on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bacterial Cellulose

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Myrtha Karina ◽  
Lucia Indrarti ◽  
Rike Yudianti ◽  
Indriyati
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Acetone Water

The effect of castor oil on the physical and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose is described. Bacterial cellulose (BC) was impregnated with 0.5–2% (w/v) castor oil (CO) in acetone–water, providing BCCO films. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the castor oil penetrated the pores of the bacterial cellulose, resulting in a smoother morphology and enhanced hydrophilicity. Castor oil caused a slight change in crystallinity indices and resulted in reduced tensile strength and Young's modulus but increased elongation at break. A significant reduction in tensile strength and Young's modulus was achieved in BCCO films with 2% castor oil, and there was an improvement in elongation at break and hydrophilicity. Impregnation with castor oil, a biodegradable and safe plasticiser, resulted in less rigid and more ductile composites.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Characterization of Electrospun Polycaprolactone Blended with Chitosan-Gelatin Complex Nanofibrous Mats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongfang Qian ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Laijiu Zheng ◽  
Ruoyuan Song ◽  
Yuping Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Nanofibrous Scaffolds ◽  
Two Peaks

Design and fabrication of nanofibrous scaffolds should mimic the native extracellular matrix. This study is aimed at investigating electrospinning of polycaprolactone (PCL) blended with chitosan-gelatin complex. The morphologies were observed from scanning electron microscope. As-spun blended mats had thinner fibers than pure PCL. X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the degree of crystallinity. The intensity at two peaks at 2θof 21° and 23.5° gradually decreased with the percentage of chitosan-gelatin complex increasing. Moreover, incorporation of the complex could obviously improve the hydrophilicity of as-spun blended mats. Mechanical properties of as-spun nanofibrous mats were also tested. The elongation at break of fibrous mats increased with the PCL content increasing and the ultimate tensile strength varied with different weight ratios. The as-spun mats had higher tensile strength when the weight ratio of PCL to CS-Gel was 75/25 compared to pure PCL. Both as-spun PCL scaffolds and PCL/CS-Gel scaffolds supported the proliferation of porcine iliac endothelial cells, and PCL/CS-Gel had better cell viability than pure PCL. Therefore, electrospun PCL/Chitosan-gelatin nanofibrous mats with weight ratio of 75/25 have better hydrophilicity mechanical properties, and cell proliferation and thus would be a promising candidate for tissue engineering scaffolds.

Effects of Magnetic Powder Loading on Mechanical Properties and Magnetic Properties of Natural Rubber

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1423-1428
Author(s):  
Somsak Woramongconchai ◽  
Chatchawan Lohitvisat ◽  
Aree Wichainchai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Coercive Force ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Barium Ferrite ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Magnetic Powder ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Maximum Energy Product ◽  
Energy Product

The effect of magnetic powders and powders loading on magnetic properties and mechanical properties of magnetic rubbers were studied. The natural rubber with magnetic powders, Barium ferrite, Neodymium iron boron, were used as starting materials to prepare magnetic rubbers. Barium ferrite (BaO.6F2O3) powders had been sintered at 1285 oC for 30 hours to improve its crystal structure. The physical properties of magnetic rubbers, residual flux density (Br), coercive force (Hc), maximum energy product (BHmax), hardness and density, had a trend to increase as enhancing magnetic powders loading. However, some properties such as, intrinsic coercive force (Hci), tensile strength and elongation at break, had a trend to decrease when the magnetic powder loading was increased. Magnetic properties of the anisotropic type, sintered powders, were higher than isotropic type, non-sintered powders, except the Hci because anisotropic magnetic rubber indicated crystal orientation in the same direction.

Preparation and Characterization of Starch/PVA Blend for Biodegradable Packaging Material

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmida Parvin ◽  
Md. Arifur Rahman ◽  
Jahid M.M. Islam ◽  
Mubarak A. Khan ◽  
A.H.M. Saadat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Biodegradable Packaging ◽  
Soil And Water

Polymer films of rice starch/Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared by casting method. Different blends were made varying the concentration of rice starch and PVA. Tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (Eb) of the prepared films were studied. Films made up of rice starch and PVA with a ratio of 2:8 showed highest TS. 10% sugar was added with highest TS giving four composition of Starch/PVA blend in order to increase TS and Eb. Films made up of rice starch and PVA and sugar with a ratio of 1:8:1 showed highest TS and Eb and the recorded value was 14.96MPa and 637% respectively. The physico-mechanical properties of the prepared sugar incorporated films were improved by grafting with acrylic monomer with the aid of UV radiation. A formulation was prepared with monomer, methylmethacrylat in methanol, and a photo initiator. The highest TS of the grafted films were recorded and the value was 16.38 MPa. The water uptake and weight loss in both soil and water of the grafted films are lower than the non-grafted films. The prepared films were further characterized with stereo micrograph and XRD. Finally, the produced film can be used as biodegradable packaging materials for shopping and garbage bags that are very popular and environment friendly.

Compatibilization of natural rubber–polypropylene thermoplastic elastomer blend

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 728-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abderrahmane Belhaoues ◽  
Samia Benmesli ◽  
Farid Riahi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Molten State ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Compatibilizing Agent ◽  
Elastomer Blend

The effects of the addition of epoxidized natural rubber/maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene blend as a compatibilizing agent (CA) on the properties of natural rubber (NR)/polypropylene (PP) thermoplastic elastomer blend were studied. The blends were prepared in the molten state at 180°C using a Brabender Plasticorder at a rotor speed of 60 r min−1. Evidence of compatibilization was obtained from the Brabender plastograms and from the mechanical properties results as well as the morphological analysis. It was found that the addition of the CA at different contents resulted in an increase of the tensile strength and Young’s modulus and a decrease of the elongation at break. It was also found that the melting temperature remained unchanged, the % crystallinity decreased, but the thermal stability was not affected. The morphology revealed a more homogeneous distribution of the dispersed PP phase for the CA-containing systems compared to the control NR/PP blend. These effects were attributed to the interactions that developed with the blend constituents through the functional groups of the CA.

Mechanochemical Devulcanization of Vulcanized Gum Natural Rubber

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-199
Author(s):  
G.K. Jana ◽  
C.K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Polymeric Chains ◽  
Cure Time

De-vulcanization of vulcanized elastomers represents a great challenge because of their three-dimensional network structure. Sulfur-cured gum natural rubbers containing three different sulfur/accelerator ratios were de-vulcanized by thio-acids. The process was carried out at 90 °C for 10 minutes in an open two-roll cracker-cum-mixing mill. Two concentrations of de-vulcanizing agent were tried in order to study the cleavage of the sulfidic bonds. The mechanical properties of the re-vulcanized rubber (like tensile strength, modulus, tear strength and elongation at break) were improved with increasing concentrations of de-vulcanizing agent, because the crosslink density increased. A decrease in scorch time and in optimum cure time and an increase in the state of cure were observed when vulcanized rubber was treated with high amounts of de-vulcanizing agent. The temperature of onset of degradation was also increased with increasing concentration of thio-acid. DMA analysis revealed that the storage modulus increased on re-vulcanization. From IR spectroscopy it was observed that oxidation of the main polymeric chains did not occur at the time of high temperature milling. Over 80% retention of the original mechanical properties (like tensile strength, modulus, tear strength and elongation at break) of the vulcanized natural rubber was achieved by this mechanochemical process.

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