Phytoremediation of TSS, NH3-N and COD from Sewage Wastewater by Lemna minor L., Salvinia minima, Ipomea aquatica and Centella asiatica

The rapid growth of industries has resulted in wastewater generation containing different organic and chemical substances channeled into the water body. This causes the arising of water pollution issues in many regions. The phytoremediation method was introduced in the process of treating water pollution as it is low cost and environmentally friendly. Lemna minor, Salvinia minima, Ipomoea aquatica and Centella asiatica were chosen in this study because they have tolerance to various pollution conditions and are able to remove organic pollutants and heavy metals. The objectives of this study were to determine the water quality before and after treatment, to determine the rate of reduction in total suspended solids (TSS), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in sewage water through the phytoremediation method and to assess the effectiveness of the plants in the phytoremediation of sewage wastewater. It was found that, Lemna minor, Salvinia minima, Ipomoea aquatica and Centella asiatica were able to reduce TSS by 50.8%, 77.6%, 85.6% and 67.6%, respectively; NH3-N by 80.4%, 89.9, 97.3% and 79.1%, respectively; and COD by 75%, 82%, 44.8% and 36.46%, respectively. In this study, it was found that sewage wastewater treatment using Ipomoea aquatica was more efficient in reducing NH3-N and Salvinia minima was more efficient in reducing TSS and COD values.

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Performance of an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor coupled with anoxic and aerobic bioreactors for treating poultry slaughterhouse wastewater

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2016.013 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 86-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M. Basitere ◽

Y. Williams ◽

M. S. Sheldon ◽

S. K. O. Ntwampe ◽

D. De Jager ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suspended Solids ◽

Low Cost ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Granular Sludge ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Oil And Grease ◽

Dissolved Air Flotation ◽

Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽

Anaerobic Reactor ◽

Aerobic Bioreactors

Generally, slaughterhouses have the largest consumption of fresh water and thus generate large quantities of high strength wastewater, which can be treated successfully using low cost biological treatment processes. In this study, the feasibility of using an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) anaerobic reactor coupled with anoxic and aerobic bioreactors for the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater was investigated. The poultry slaughterhouse was characterized by high chemical oxygen demand (COD), 2 to 6 g/L, with average biological oxygen demand of 2.4 g/L and average fats, oil and grease (FOG) being 0.55 g/L. A continuous EGSB anaerobic reactor was operated for 26 days at different hydraulic retention times (HRT), i.e. 7, 4, 3 days, and organic loading rates (OLR) of 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 g COD/L.day, respectively, to assess the bioremediation of the poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. The average COD removal from the EGSB was 40%, 57% and 55% at the different OLR and HRT assessed. At high OLR of 1.0 g COD/L.day, the overall COD removal from the system (EGSB-anoxic/aerobic) averaged 65%. The system experienced periodical sludge washout during high FOG and suspended solids loading. It was concluded that the EGSB system requires a dissolved air flotation system, for FOG/suspended solid reduction, as the performance of the overall system was observed to deteriorate over time due to the presence of a high quantity of FOG including suspended solids.

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An investigation into the effectiveness of sand media amended with biochar to remove BOD5, suspended solids and coliforms using wetland mesocosms

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2015.120 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 71 (10) ◽

pp. 1536-1544 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

P. de Rozari ◽

M. Greenway ◽

A. El Hanandeh

Keyword(s):

Suspended Solids ◽

Low Cost ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽

Volatile Solids ◽

Significant Performance ◽

The Media ◽

Promising Solution ◽

Better Than

Constructed wetland ecotechnologies (CWEs) are a promising solution to effectively treat domestic wastewater in developing countries at low cost. This paper reports the findings of the effectiveness of sand media amended with woody biochar and two plants species (Melaleuca quinquenervia and Cymbopogon citratus) in removing biological oxygen demand (BOD5), suspended solids and coliforms. The experimental design consisted of 21 vertical flow (VF) mesocosms. There were seven media treatments using sand amended with varying proportions of biochar. During the first 8 months, the mesocosms were loaded with secondary clarified wastewater (SCW) then septage. The influent had a 4-day hydraulic retention time. Samples were monitored for BOD5, total suspended solids (TSS), total volatile solids (TVS), total coliforms and faecal coliforms. In the first 8 months, there were no significant performance differences between media treatments in the outflow concentrations of BOD5, TSS and TVS. The significant differences occurred during the last 3 months; using septage with biochar additions performed better than pure sand. For coliforms, the significant differences occurred after 6 months. In conclusion, the addition of biochar was not effective for SCW. The VF mesocosms system proved to be more effective in removing BOD5, TSS, TVS and coliforms when septage was loaded into the media.

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Evaluation of the performance of the Tyson Foods wastewater treatment plant for nitrogen removal

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2005.0402 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 51 (11) ◽

pp. 159-166

Author(s):

E. Ubay-Cokgor ◽

C.W. Randall ◽

D. Orhon

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Total Suspended Solids ◽

Biological Oxygen Demand ◽

Average Flow Rate ◽

Before And After

In this paper, the performance of the Tyson Foods wastewater treatment plant with an average flow rate of 6500 m3/d was evaluated before and after upgrading of the treatment system for nitrogen removal. This study was also covered with an additional recommendation of BIOWINTM BNR program simulation after the modification period to achieve an additional nutrient removal. The results clearly show that the upgrading was very successful for improved nitrogen removal, with a 57% decrease on the total nitrogen discharge. There also were slight reductions in the discharged loads of biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, ammonium and total phosphorus with denitrification, even though the effluent flow was higher during operation of the nitrogen removal configuration.

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The efficiency of the sand filtration unit mixed with different packing materials in drain water treatment in Egypt

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-021-01379-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Khaled Abd el naser I. Ibrahim ◽

Tarek Ismail M. Sabry ◽

Ahmed S. El-Gendy ◽

Sayed I. A. Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Low Cost ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Total Suspended Solids ◽

Infiltration Rate ◽

Drain Water ◽

Sand Filter ◽

Filtration Unit

AbstractIn an attempt to improve the quality of the agricultural drain in Egypt for its reuse again in the irrigation, low-cost solution such as sand filter along with/without other filtration media has been used in this research. As a result of that, pilot plant of sand filter mixed with other filtration media was tested for its ability to improve the sand performance in removing the suspended solids and organic matters from agricultural drain water of the Belbeis drain (in Sharkia governorate in Egypt). Sand only, sand mixed with sponge, sand mixed with activated carbon and sand mixed with ceramic cylinders have been tested to find the best media combination and optimum mixing sand/ medium ratio and optimum infiltration rate. The work has been done on four runs. It was found that sand mixed with ceramic cylinders gave the best removal efficiency with respect to total chemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand for solution which were 77, 74%, respectively, whereas sand mixed with sponge had the best removal efficiency with respect to total suspended solids which was 89%. Also, all tested media combination had effluent quality that complied with Egyptian law 48 for the year 1982 regarding the disposal of wastewater into agricultural drains (chemical oxygen demand ≤ 80 mg/l, total suspended solids ≤ 50 mg/l).

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Phytoremediation of landfill leachate using Ipomoea aquatica and Pistia stratiotes

Journal of Environmental Biology ◽

10.22438/jeb/42/3(si)/jeb-06 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (3(SI)) ◽

pp. 775-781

Author(s):

M.M. Hanafiah ◽

◽

N.I.H.A. Aziz ◽

A.A. Halim ◽

L.S. Shamdin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Landfill Leachate ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Total Suspended Solids ◽

Pistia Stratiotes ◽

Ipomoea Aquatica ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Significant Difference

Aim: In this study, Ipomoea aquatica and Pistia stratiotes were used to remove total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) from the landfill leachate collected at Ampar Tenang Closed Landfill (ATCL) site in Dengkil, Selangor, Malaysia. Methodology: The physico-chemical characteristics of landfill leachate (pH, temperature, NH3-N, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, salinity, electrical conductivity and nitrite as well as selected heavy metals were determined before phytoremediation treatment. Results: The physico-chemical properties of leachate samples were found to be lower as compared to the standards set by the government, except for COD (>100 mg l-1). Heavy metals content, Na, Mg and Fe was high in leachate. It was found that the concentrations of NH3-N, COD and TSS in leachate decreased by 57.64%, 26.85% and 62.05% after treatment with Ipomea aquatica, respectively. Whereas, 61%, 32% and 74.7% removal rate was observed for NH3-N, COD and TSS, post-treatment by Pistia stratiotes. One-way ANOVA analysis for Ipomoea aquatica revealed insignificant difference (p>0.05) but for Pistia stratiotes there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the reduction of TSS, COD and NH3-N concentrations. Interpretation: Based on the findings, Pistia stratiotes was found more effective than Ipomea aquatica for reducing TSS, COD and NH3-N concentrations from landfill leachate.

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Evaluation of the Efficiency of Ceramic Water Filter Improved by Dried Duckweed Plant (Lemna minor) in Wastewater Treatment

Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology ◽

10.9734/ajee/2021/v14i330209 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 36-43

Author(s):

S. A. Osemeahon ◽

J. O. Okechukwu ◽

B. J. Dimas

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Lemna Minor ◽

Total Suspended Solids ◽

Water Filter ◽

Ceramic Water Filters ◽

Before And After ◽

Water Filters ◽

Clay Kaolin

The lack of clean water sources due to pollution and industrialisation is a major problem in many countries including Nigeria. To overcome this challenge, various methods have been adopted including phytoremediation treatment. This study evaluates dried duckweed an aquatic plant and its removal efficiency in comparison with other locally available treatment materials. This was achieved by formulating ceramic water filters (C.W.F) categorized into four different types- clay and kaolin(P1), clay, kaolin and sawdust(P2), clay, kaolin and charcoal(P3) and clay, kaolin and duckweed(P4). These filters were subjected to contaminated water and the following physicochemical parameters Colour, pH, Conductivity(Ec), Fluoride(F-), Magnesium(Mg2+), Nitrites(NO2-), Sulphates (SO42-), Ammonia (NH3) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Total Nitrogen were determined before and after filtration. In all the ceramic water filters, the filter improved by duckweed showed the best removal efficiency of Colour – 100%, Conductivity(Ec) -72.60%, Fluoride(F)- 99.82%, Magnesium(Mg2+)- 51.68% Nitrites(NO2-)-92.34, Sulphates (SO42-)- 46.09%, Ammonia (NH3)-98.75%, and Total Suspended Solids (TSS)- 85.43% and Total Nitrogen (TN) -83.79% indicating that duckweed is capable of adsorbing inorganic and organic pollutants from water.

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TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER FROM SWINE AND POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSES

Journal of Engineering Studies and Research ◽

10.29081/jesr.v24i2.60 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 41-45

Author(s):

MIRELA SUCEVEANU ◽

IULIAN SUCEVEANU ◽

LUMINIŢA GROSU ◽

IRINA-CLAUDIA ALEXA

Keyword(s):

Suspended Solids ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Meat Processing ◽

Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽

Active Sludge ◽

Sludge Treatment ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Before And After ◽

Water And Wastewater

The meat processing industry produces large volumes of slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW). For this reason, water and wastewater treatment has become crucial for the continuing development of the society. The present study reveals the water pollution degree from poultry and the swine slaughterhouses from Bacau (Romania). The possibility of reducing the quantity of pollutants by the active sludge treatment method is also presented. The efficiency of this treatment processes was evaluated through the following parameters: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, both before and after the active sludge treatment.

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APPLICATION OF LOW-COST ADSORBENT IN THE TREATMENT OF SAMARU STREAM WATER

Journal of Engineering Studies and Research ◽

10.29081/jesr.v20i4.54 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

Author(s):

YAHAYA S. MOHAMMAD ◽

EGBENYA M. SHAIBU-IMODAGBE ◽

SUNDAY B. IGBORO ◽

ABDUL-RAHEEM GIWA ◽

CHARLES A. OKUOFU

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Stream Water ◽

Low Cost ◽

Multicomponent System ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Simultaneous Removal ◽

Before And After ◽

Total Dissolved Solid

<p>In this study, low-cost adsorbent was produced and applied in the treatment of Samaru stream water. Treatment of Samaru stream water was carried out in column mode to determine the efficiency of the low-cost adsorbent for improving the quality of Samaru stream water. To achieve this, the stream water samples were collected from three different points (point 1, 2 and 3) and the values of the following parameters were analyzed before and after treatment: pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammonium, Nitrate, Chloride, Iron (III), Copper (II), Lead (II) and Zinc (II). Results obtained from the study show that highest removal efficiency of 96.18 % was attained for chloride and this was followed by 91.76 %, 90.91 % and 90 % for iron (III), copper (II) and ammonium respectively while the least was 6.33 % (pH). Therefore, the high removal efficiency achieved for some sample parameters in the treatment of Samaru stream water implied that the low-cost adsorbent could be employed in the simultaneous removal of contaminants from a multicomponent system.</p>

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Stormwater Runoff Treatment Using Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract as a Natural Coagulant

Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology - March 2018 ◽

10.36263/nijest.2020.01.0192 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 119-126

Author(s):

L. O. Bobor ◽

A. G. Aghedo

Keyword(s):

Aquatic Ecosystems ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Stormwater Runoff ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Total Suspended Solids ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Stormwater Quality ◽

Before And After ◽

Moringa Oleifera Seed

Uncontrolled stormwater runoff poses a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems due the presence of harmful pollutants. Effective treatment is important prior to discharge. This study investigated the performance of Moringa oleifera seed extract as a coagulant for the reduction of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) in stormwater runoff. Stormwater samples were treated with Moringa oleifera seed extract solution at varied coagulant doses (0.5-10%), pH (3-10) and settling durations (20-60 minutes). The samples were analyzed before and after treatment to determine the coagulation efficiencies. There were improvements in stormwater quality, with up to 88%, 70% and 89% reduction in turbidity, COD and TSS levels achieved. Removal efficiencies increased with increase in coagulant dose and settling time. The results of the study indicate that Moringa oleifera can be used in the treatment of stormwater runoff for safe discharge into the aquatic environment.

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Nanoporous TiN/TiO2/Alumina Membrane for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production from Sewage Water

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11102617 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2617

Author(s):

Abdullah Almohammedi ◽

Mohamed Shaban ◽

Huda Mostafa ◽

Mohamed Rabia

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Atomic Layer ◽

Sewage Water ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

H2 Production ◽

Alumina Membrane ◽

X Ray ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Before And After ◽

Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production

An aluminum oxide, Al2O3, template is prepared using a novel Ni imprinting method with high hexagonal pore accuracy and order. The pore diameter after the widening process is about 320 nm. TiO2 layer is deposited inside the template using atomic layer deposition (ALD) followed by the deposition of 6 nm TiN thin film over the TiO2 using a direct current (DC) sputtering unit. The prepared nanotubular TiN/TiO2/Al2O3 was fully characterized using different analytical tools such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical UV-Vis spectroscopy. Exploring the current-voltage relationships under different light intensities, wavelengths, and temperatures was used to investigate the electrode’s application before and after Au coating for H2 production from sewage water splitting without the use of any sacrificing agents. All thermodynamic parameters were determined, as well as quantum efficiency (QE) and incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE). The QE was 0.25% and 0.34% at 400 mW·cm−2 for the photoelectrode before and after Au coating, respectively. Also, the activation energy was 27.22 and 18.84 kJ·mol−1, the enthalpy was 24.26 and 15.77 J·mol−1, and the entropy was 238.1 and 211.5 kJ−1·mol−1 before and after Au coating, respectively. Because of its high stability and low cost, the prepared photoelectrode may be suitable for industrial applications.

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