scholarly journals From Monolithic Systems to Microservices: A Comparative Study of Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5797
Author(s):  
Freddy Tapia ◽  
Miguel Ángel Mora ◽  
Walter Fuertes ◽  
Hernán Aules ◽  
Edwin Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Application ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Dependency Relationship ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
Microservice Architecture ◽  
Monolithic Structure

Currently, organizations face the need to create scalable applications in an agile way that impacts new forms of production and business organization. The traditional monolithic architecture no longer meets the needs of scalability and rapid development. The efficiency and optimization of human and technological resources prevail; this is why companies must adopt new technologies and business strategies. However, the implementation of microservices still encounters several challenges, such as the consumption of time and computational resources, scalability, orchestration, organization problems, and several further technical complications. Although there are procedures that facilitate the migration from a monolithic architecture to micro-services, none of them accurately quantifies performance differences. The current study aims primarily to analyze some related work that evaluated both architectures. Furthermore, we assess the performance and relationship between different variables of an application that runs in a monolithic structure compared to one of the micro-services. With this, the state-of-the-art review was initially conducted, which confirms the interest of the industry. Subsequently, two different scenarios were evaluated: the first one comprises a web application based on a monolithic architecture that operates on a virtual server with KVM, and the second one demonstrates the same web application based on a microservice architecture, but it runs in containers. Both situations were exposed to stress tests of similar characteristics and with the same hardware resources. For their validation, we applied the non-parametric regression mathematical model to explain the dependency relationship between the performance variables. The results provided a quantitative technical interpretation with precision and reliability, which can be applied to similar issues.

scholarly journals Development of a methodology for migration of monolithic systems to microservice architecture using cloud technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2091 (1) ◽  
pp. 012036
Author(s):  
A V Balzamov ◽  
D S Fomin ◽  
A V Savkina ◽  
V V Nikulin ◽  
S A Fedosin
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Architecture Design ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Cloud Technologies ◽  
Microservice Architecture

Abstract The long-term use of the classical monolithic architecture for the development of web applications has led to the accumulation of a voluminous knowledge base for analyzing the positive and negative aspects, as well as finding ways to solve the problems that arise when using it at the present stage. Thanks to the rapid development of the computing power of personal computers, network data exchange mechanisms, cloud technologies and Open Source software, it has become possible to use more complex and efficient approaches to architecture design and deployment of web applications, such as a service-oriented, microservice model and deployment on a virtual machine or cloud. Due to the emergence of a large number of new technologies described above, it is quite difficult to apply them effectively enough without proper experience, as well as to switch to new models of architecture design.

The Synergy between CRISPR and Chemical Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-171
Author(s):  
Cia-Hin Lau ◽  
Chung Tin
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Genetic Circuits ◽  
Viral Packaging ◽  
Conditional Control ◽  
Logic Operations

Gene therapy and transgenic research have advanced quickly in recent years due to the development of CRISPR technology. The rapid development of CRISPR technology has been largely benefited by chemical engineering. Firstly, chemical or synthetic substance enables spatiotemporal and conditional control of Cas9 or dCas9 activities. It prevents the leaky expression of CRISPR components, as well as minimizes toxicity and off-target effects. Multi-input logic operations and complex genetic circuits can also be implemented via multiplexed and orthogonal regulation of target genes. Secondly, rational chemical modifications to the sgRNA enhance gene editing efficiency and specificity by improving sgRNA stability and binding affinity to on-target genomic loci, and hence reducing off-target mismatches and systemic immunogenicity. Chemically-modified Cas9 mRNA is also more active and less immunogenic than the native mRNA. Thirdly, nonviral vehicles can circumvent the challenges associated with viral packaging and production through the delivery of Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoprotein complex or large Cas9 expression plasmids. Multi-functional nanovectors enhance genome editing in vivo by overcoming multiple physiological barriers, enabling ligand-targeted cellular uptake, and blood-brain barrier crossing. Chemical engineering can also facilitate viral-based delivery by improving vector internalization, allowing tissue-specific transgene expression, and preventing inactivation of the viral vectors in vivo. This review aims to discuss how chemical engineering has helped improve existing CRISPR applications and enable new technologies for biomedical research. The usefulness, advantages, and molecular action for each chemical engineering approach are also highlighted.

scholarly journals Metagenomics, gene discovery and the ideal biocatalyst

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Cowan ◽  
A. Arslanoglu ◽  
S.G. Burton ◽  
G.C. Baker ◽  
R.A. Cameron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Gene Discovery ◽  
Metagenomic Library ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Enzyme Screening ◽  
Specific Amplification ◽  
The Ideal

With the rapid development of powerful protein evolution and enzyme-screening technologies, there is a growing belief that optimum conditions for biotransformation processes can be established without the constraints of the properties of the biocatalyst. These technologies can then be applied to find the ‘ideal biocatalyst’ for the process. In identifying the ideal biocatalyst, the processes of gene discovery and enzyme evolution play major roles. However, in order to expand the pool genes for in vitro evolution, new technologies, which circumvent the limitations of microbial culturability, must be applied. These technologies, which currently include metagenomic library screening, gene-specific amplification methods and even full metagenomic sequencing, provide access to a volume of ‘sequence space’ that is not addressed by traditional screening.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Survey on Cyber-Physical Smart Grid Testbed Architectures: Requirements and Challenges

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1043
Author(s):  
Abdallah A. Smadi ◽  
Babatunde Tobi Ajao ◽  
Brian K. Johnson ◽  
Hangtian Lei ◽  
Yacine Chakhchoukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Data

The integration of improved control techniques with advanced information technologies enables the rapid development of smart grids. The necessity of having an efficient, reliable, and flexible communication infrastructure is achieved by enabling real-time data exchange between numerous intelligent and traditional electrical grid elements. The performance and efficiency of the power grid are enhanced with the incorporation of communication networks, intelligent automation, advanced sensors, and information technologies. Although smart grid technologies bring about valuable economic, social, and environmental benefits, testing the combination of heterogeneous and co-existing Cyber-Physical-Smart Grids (CP-SGs) with conventional technologies presents many challenges. The examination for both hardware and software components of the Smart Grid (SG) system is essential prior to the deployment in real-time systems. This can take place by developing a prototype to mimic the real operational circumstances with adequate configurations and precision. Therefore, it is essential to summarize state-of-the-art technologies of industrial control system testbeds and evaluate new technologies and vulnerabilities with the motivation of stimulating discoveries and designs. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the advancement of CP-SGs with their corresponding testbeds including diverse testing paradigms has been performed. In particular, we broadly discuss CP-SG testbed architectures along with the associated functions and main vulnerabilities. The testbed requirements, constraints, and applications are also discussed. Finally, the trends and future research directions are highlighted and specified.

Digital Transformation of the Service Sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
D. Shevchenko ◽  
V. Mihaylov
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Remote Maintenance ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cloud Technologies

The article is devoted to the problems of digital transformation of companies in the service sector. The article describes the concepts of "digitization", "digitalization", "digital transformation", "automation". The analysis of the main sectors of the public services sector, the processes of transformation into a new business model of their development is carried out. Specific examples show the role of digital technologies implemented by individual companies, the leaders of their industry: "Internet of Things" (IoT); virtual diagnostics of the service; mobile applications and portals; artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI / ML); remote maintenance; UX design; virtual reality; cloud technologies; online services and others. The authors proceed from understanding the difference between automation and digitalization, the strategic goal of which is to create a new digital business model that creates new value. The result of digital transformation is the reconfiguration of processes that change the business logic of the company and the process of creating value. The article concludes that the rapid development of new technologies leads to the fact that companies face not only a dilemma when choosing the most suitable technologies for investment, but also the problem of staffing and finding an adequate organizational structure to create and maintain a new business model of the company.

Five progressive responses to the grand challenges of the 21st century – An introduction

Thesis Eleven ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 072551362110592
Author(s):  
Lars Bo Kaspersen ◽  
Liv Egholm
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Grand Challenges ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Cold War

We are living in a world which is severely crisis-ridden and faces some major challenges. The fact that we are currently facing a genuine global pandemic (COVID-19) brings about even more uncertainty. The social and political institutions, which emerged and consolidated during the 20th century, and which created stability, have become fragile. The young generation born in the 1990s and onwards have experienced 9/11 and the ‘war against terrorism’, the financial crisis of 2008, changes to climate, environmental degradation, and most recently the COVID-19 pandemic. The generation born between 1960 and 1990 have had the same experiences along with severe economic crises in the 1970s and 1980s and the Cold War. Some of these challenges are in different ways intertwined with capitalism and its crises, while others are linked to the rapid development of new technologies, in particular innovations within communication and information technologies. This introduction lists the most important grand challenges facing the world as they have emerged more recently. The five articles following this introduction address some of these challenges, with particular attention to the problems of capitalism and democracy and the relation between these two areas. Most authors agree that climate change and the destruction of the environment are the biggest and most pertinent problems to address, but it is their stance that we can only meet these challenges if democracy is functioning well.

The acceptability of web-care for patients with major depressive disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S28-S28
Author(s):  
M. Ladea ◽  
M. Bran
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Web Application ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionWith the extraordinary rate of development of E-health and widespread internet access in Romania, Inomedica decided to create a platform dedicated primarily to the patients and their families: depresiv.ro. According to Internet Live Stats there were 11,178,477 Internet users in Romania (representing 51.66% of the population) in 2014. Inomedica is a non-governmental organization founded by a multidisciplinary team (psychiatrists, sociologists, IT specialists).The platforms provide rigorous and quality online information about depression as well as self-assessment tools and Q&A section.The presentation will explore the development and effects of the first 16 months of operation of a web platform about depression.MethodsThe depresiv.ro platform design is simple and user friendly. Mental health specialists contributed to the development of the content, which is easy to access and understand.The platform also provides access to a self-evaluation tool, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and thus helps the users identify possible problems and encourage them to seek professional help. The web application also included a demographic questionnaire, and a medical history questionnaire. A native iOS version of the application is available to download free on AppStore. The platform is supported by a Google grant program.ResultsThe platform traffic increased from a few users per day at launch to more than 1000 unique visitors per day. Since 1st January 2015, about 178,000 unique visitors accessed the platform. All the metrics improved significantly during the last months: bounce rate (66.3%), average session duration (02:17 minutes), number of pages per session (2.4).About 25,000 users accessed the HADS application since its release, from August 2014 until September 2015, showing the increasing need for free online self-evaluation tools.The Q&A section is one of the most visited on the platform since many users try to find answers for their questions regarding depressive or anxiety symptoms.ConclusionsAs new technologies are introduced and become more accessible, mental health specialists are developing new ways of providing services and collecting data. The traffic data/usage for both the depresiv.ro platform and the app are evidence for the widespread acceptability of web-based delivery methods.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Faktor-faktor Penentu Keberhasilan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) di Kota Yogyakarta

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Eny Sulistyowati ◽  
Nining Sofiati Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Medium Businesses ◽  
The City ◽  
Variable Performance

<p><span class="fontstyle0">This research was conducted with the aim to explain the influence of the characteristics of the owner/manager of the business strategy, describes the influence of business strategy on business performance, explaining the influence of the characteristics of the owner/manager of the business performance. Variables used in this research is variable owner/manager, business strategy (independent variable) and variable performance or Small Bussinis Performance (dependent variable). The results obtained show that a direct influence on the performance characteristics of the manager of small and medium businesses in the </span><span class="fontstyle0">city of Yogyakarta strong with R2 values of 0.224, or 22.4%, the effect of business strategies on business performance </span><span class="fontstyle0">of small and medium businesses in urban areas with R2 values of 0,049 or 4.9%. Meanwhile, indirectly influence the characteristics of managers' business performance through business strategy in the city of Yogyakarta only has value R2 value of 0.080 or 8.0%.</span></p>

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF WEB-APPLICATION FOR PROCESSING GNSS-DATA BASED ON MICROSERVICE ARCHITECTURE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Ponizov ◽  
◽  
M.A. Serov ◽  
T.A. Galagan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Application ◽  
Gnss Data ◽  
Microservice Architecture

scholarly journals To Doppler or not to Doppler

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
William A Goh ◽  
Zalud Ivica
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Ductus Venosus ◽  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
3D Power Doppler

This review aims to provide the reader with an update on the present and potential clinical applications in Doppler ultrasound in perinatal medicine. Umbilical artery Doppler plays an important role in the management of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia and aids in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome management while notching in the waveform is a predictor of umbilical cord abnormalities. Middle cerebral artery Doppler reliably detects fetal anemia and may be useful in the assessment of IUGR as well. Abnormal uterine artery Doppler may play a role in predicting growth restriction, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and preterm delivery. Abnormal ductus venosus waveforms can also be used to predict adverse fetal outcome and may allow for better timing of delivery while umbilical venous pulsations may be a sensitive marker for fetal heart failure in hydropic pregnancies. 3D power Doppler allows better small vessel visualization that is not affected by angle of insonation and has been used to diagnose placental and cord abnormalities. Significant improvements have recently occurred, improving the visualization and evaluation of placental vascularity, resulting from enhancements in delineation of tissue detail through electronic compounding and harmonics, as well as enhancements in signal processing of frequency- and/ or amplitude-based color Doppler ultrasound. Spatial representation of vascularity can be improved by utilizing 3D processing. Greater sensitivity of 3D Doppler ultrasound to macro- and microvascular flow has provided improved anatomic and physiologic assessment throughout pregnancy. The rapid development of these new ultrasound techniques will continue to enlarge the scope of clinical applications in placental studies. As clinical experience with these new technologies increase and as the technology improves further, it is reasonable to expect that 3D Doppler and 4D ultrasound will be complementary addition to well established 2D Doppler ultrasound imaging.

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