scholarly journals Design of an Axial Turbine for Highly Downsized Internal Combustion Engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5935
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Baietta ◽  
Mamdouh Alshammari ◽  
Apostolos Pesyridis ◽  
Dhrumil Gohil
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Efficient Reduction ◽  
High Volume Production ◽  
Axial Turbines ◽  
Efficient Power

This paper describes and discusses the development of an axial turbocharger turbine concept as a potential substitute to commercial radial turbines for high-volume production. As turbo-lag is one of the main issues related to the inertia of the rotating parts in a turbocharger, leading to less responsive and drive-cycle efficient power units, the use of axial turbines, with their inherently lower inertia than radial types for the same application, enables the efficient reduction of the spool-up time of the system, to the benefit of the driving experience and emissions. However, axial turbines for this application usually show complicated blades and level of twist, leading to efficient but expensive designs compared to their radial counterparts. Based on this challenge, the idea of comparing prismatic (generally less efficient, but cheaper) and twisted 3D-bladed axial turbines showed that for lower blade aspect ratios, the efficiency is of the same order. For these reasons, many turbines with a range of different sizes were designed with both layouts (3D and prismatic blades) and compared. Further, the use of 3D optical scanning, as well as dyno-calibrated 1D engine models enabled the gathering of invaluable data to design the proposed solution and compare it to the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) version. Thanks to these processes, the comparison between the proposed design and the OEM one was not limited to the performance, and also included the manufacturing costs, which were calculated via Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) programs, with the limitation of using only Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining for production. To conclude, the work showed a notable performance superiority of the proposed turbine in respect to the OEM one, despite a slightly higher estimated production cost.

scholarly journals Periodic Pulse Plating of Mid-Aspect Ratio Printed Circuit Boards for Enhanced Productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Carmichael Gugliotti ◽  
Rich Bellemare ◽  
Andy Oh ◽  
Ron Blake
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Pulse Plating ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Throwing Power ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
High Volume Production ◽  
Volume Production

ABSTRACT Pulse plating of copper has typically found use in the plating of very difficult, high aspect ratio printed circuit boards. Its ability to provide throwing power deep within through holes with aspect ratios as high as 30:1 is well established. This technology has long been thought of as a high technology, high cost, specialty process applicable only to high end products. This paper will discuss the advantages that pulse plating offers over conventional DC copper plating in high volume production applications for panels with aspect ratios of up to 12:1. These advantages are reduced plating time, increased throughput, and reduced plated copper thickness on the panel surface while meeting minimum in-hole copper thickness requirements.  

scholarly journals Congener-specific partition properties of chlorinated paraffins evaluated with COSMOtherm and gas chromatographic retention indices

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jort Hammer ◽  
Hidenori Matsukami ◽  
Satoshi Endo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Retention Indices ◽  
Chromatographic Retention ◽  
Linear Free Energy Relationship ◽  
Linear Free Energy ◽  
Chlorinated Paraffins ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices ◽  
High Volume Production ◽  
Volume Production

AbstractChlorinated Paraffins (CPs) are high volume production chemicals and have been found in various organisms including humans and in environmental samples from remote regions. It is thus of great importance to understand the physical–chemical properties of CPs. In this study, gas chromatographic (GC) retention indexes (RIs) of 25 CP congeners were measured on various polar and nonpolar columns to investigate the relationships between the molecular structure and the partition properties. Retention measurements show that analytical standards of individual CPs often contain several stereoisomers. RI values show that chlorination pattern have a large influence on the polarity of CPs. Single Cl substitutions (–CHCl–, –CH2Cl) generally increase polarity of CPs. However, many consecutive –CHCl– units (e.g., 1,2,3,4,5,6-C11Cl6) increase polarity less than expected from the total number of –CHCl– units. Polyparameter linear free energy relationship descriptors show that polarity difference between CP congeners can be explained by the H-bond donating properties of CPs. RI values of CP congeners were predicted using the quantum chemically based prediction tool COSMOthermX. Predicted RI values correlate well with the experimental data (R2, 0.975–0.995), indicating that COSMOthermX can be used to accurately predict the retention of CP congeners on GC columns.

Adaptive spiral tool path generation for computer numerical control machining using point cloud

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622199007
Author(s):  
Mandeep Dhanda ◽  
Aman Kukreja ◽  
SS Pande
Keyword(s):  
Tool Path ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Numerical Control Machining ◽  
Form Errors ◽  
Spiral Tool Path ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Mesh Grid ◽  
Cloud Of Points ◽  
Cam Software

This paper reports a novel method to generate adaptive spiral tool path for the CNC machining of complex sculptured surface represented in the form of cloud of points without the need for surface fitting. The algorithm initially uses uniform 2 D circular mesh-grid to compute the cutter location (CL) points by applying the tool inverse offset method (IOM). These CL points are refined adaptively till the surface form errors converge below the prescribed tolerance limits in both circumferential and radial directions. They are further refined to eliminate the redundancy in machining and generate optimum region wise tool path to minimize the tool lifts. The NC part programs generated by our algorithm were widely tested for different case studies using the commercial CNC simulator as well as by the actual machining trial. Finally, a comparative study was done between our developed system and the commercial CAM software. The results showed that our system is more efficient and robust in terms of the obtained surface quality, productivity, and memory requirement.

High Volume Production Growth of GaAs on Silicon Substrates

1986 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris R. Ito ◽  
M. Feng ◽  
V. K. Eu ◽  
H. B. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Wafer Surface ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Growth Technique ◽  
Wafer Thickness ◽  
Production Growth ◽  
High Volume Production ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
P Type

ABSTRACTA high-volume epitaxial reactor has been used to investigate the feasibility for the production growth of GaAs on silicon substrates. The reactor is a customized system which has a maximum capacity of 39 three-inch diameter wafers and can accommodate substrates as large as eight inches in diameter. The MOCVD material growth technique was used to grow GaAs directly on p-type, (100) silicon substrates, three and five inches in diameter. The GaAs surfaces were textured with antiphase boundaries. Double-cyrstal rocking curve measurements showed single-cyrstal GaAs with an average FWHMof 520 arc seconds measured at four points over the wafer surface. Within-wafer thickness uniformity was ± 4% with a wafer-to-wafer uniformity of ± 2%. Photoluminescence spectra showed Tour peaks at 1.500, 1.483, 1.464, and 1.440 ev. Schottky diodes were fabricated on the GaAs on silicon material.

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy fusion of multi-sensor data for monitoring of CNC machining

Sensor Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srdjan Jovic ◽  
Obrad Anicic ◽  
Milivoje Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Periodic Component ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy

Purpose Acoustic emission (AE) could be used for prevention and detection of tool errors in Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining. The purpose of this study is to analyze the AE form of CNC machining operations. Design/methodology/approach Experimental measurements were performed with three sensors on the CNC lathe to collect the data of the CNC machining. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was applied for the fusion from the sensors’ signals to determine the strength of the signal periodic component among the sensors. Findings There were three inputs, namely, spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut. ANFIS was also used to determine the inputs’ influence on the prediction of strength of the signal periodic component. Variable selection process was used to select the most dominant factors which affect the prediction of strength of the signal periodic component. Originality/value Results were shown that the spindle speed has the most dominant effect on the strength of the signal periodic component.

Determination of transverse flexural and shear moduli of chopped carbon fiber tape-reinforced thermoplastic by vibration

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-404
Author(s):  
Xiuqi Lyu ◽  
Jun Takahashi ◽  
Yi Wan ◽  
Isamu Ohsawa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Thermoplastic Material ◽  
Shear Moduli ◽  
High Volume Production ◽  
Volume Production

Chopped carbon fiber tape-reinforced thermoplastic material is specifically developed for the high-volume production of lightweight automobiles. With excellent design processability and flexibility, the carbon fiber tape-reinforced thermoplastic material is manufactured by compressing large amounts of randomly oriented, pre-impregnated unidirectional tapes in a plane. Therefore, the carbon fiber tape-reinforced thermoplastic material presents transversely isotropic properties. Transverse shear effect along the thickness direction of carbon fiber tape-reinforced thermoplastic beam has a distinct influence on its flexural deformation. Accordingly, the Timoshenko beam theory combined with vibration frequencies was proposed to determine the set of transverse flexural and shear moduli. Meanwhile, the transverse flexural and shear moduli of carbon fiber tape-reinforced thermoplastic beam were finally determined by fitting all the first seven measured and calculated eigenfrequencies with the least squares criterion. In addition, the suggested thickness to length ratio for the 3-point bending test and Euler–Bernoulli model was given.

Economic Viability of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Working With Biogas

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Castell ◽  
Pere Margalef ◽  
Marc Medrano ◽  
Luisa F. Cabeza ◽  
Scott G. Samuelsen
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Fruit Processing ◽  
Efficient Power ◽  
Installed Capacity

Catalonia (Spain) has a significant potential of biogas production from agricultural activities and municipal waste. In addition, there are plenty of industrial cogeneration plants, but most of them use conventional fuels such as natural gas, and conventional energy conversion devices, such as internal combustion engines. Molten carbonate fuel cells are ultra-clean and highly efficient power generator devices capable of converting biogas into electricity and heat. Located in Lleida (Catalonia), Nufri is a fruit processing company with a long tradition on biogas production and cogeneration, with an installed capacity bigger than 4.5 MW. This study analyzes the economic viability of a fuel cell operating on biogas in Spain, on a real case basis (Nufri). Different fuel cell capacities are analyzed (from 300 kW to 1200 kW). A parametric study of different fuel cell prices ($/kW installed) is performed. Additional biogas cleanup requirements are taken into account. The results are based on the Spanish legislation, which establishes a special legal framework that grants favorable, technology-dependent feed-in premiums for renewable energy and cogeneration. Results show that the payback period ranges from 5 to 8 years depending on the fuel cell capacity and installation price.

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