scholarly journals Simulation-Based Evaluation of the Performance of Broadband over Power Lines with Multiple Repeaters in Linear Topology of Distribution Substations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6879
Author(s):  
Petr Musil ◽  
Petr Mlynek ◽  
Jan Slacik ◽  
Jiri Pokorny
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Linear Topology ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
The Impact

Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) is considered a promising communication technology in the concept of Smart Grids. This paper evaluates networks based on BPL, with a focus on the impact of repeaters in the linear topology of distribution substations. In large-scale Smart Grids network planning, positions of repeaters have to be carefully chosen. This article should help to determine such positions and limitations of BPL linear topology networks. Laboratory and on-field measurements and their results are presented in this article. Results show the impact of repeater’s deployment for different testing methodologies also with regard to other already presented studies. Measured values and the determined impacts of repeaters are later used as input data for simulation of the linear BPL topology in terms of network throughput with multiple streams and bottlenecks. These occur especially on lines shared by multiple communicating nodes. Furthermore, the simulation investigates the balancing time of multiple data streams throughput. The simulation shows that the throughput balancing can occupy a significant time slot, up to tens of seconds before the throughput of different streams balances. Also, the more data is generated, the more time the balancing time takes. Additionally, the throughput drop caused by a repeater is determined into the range of 35–60%. Based on the measurement and simulation results, lessons learned are presented, and possible performance improvements are discussed.

Disaster impacts in a port-city; learning from Beirut's  Port explosion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steluta topalov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Residential Units ◽  
The Impact

<p>On 4 august 2020, one of the biggest non-nuclear explosions the world has seen in recent times took place in the Port of Beirut. Caused by the detonation of 2,750 tons of ammonium nitrate, inadequate stored in a warehouse in the port, the blast destroyed much of the city’s port and the surrounding infrastructure and severly  damaged the dense residential and commercial areas within 5 km of the explosion site. The impact of the explosion, which registered as a 3.3 magnitude earthquake according to the U.S. Geological Survey, was felt as far away as the island of Cyprus.</p><p>Athough the event was an technological hazard, the impact of the explosion is similar to a standardised natural disaster.</p><p>According to UNDP, a total of 200 000 residential units were affected with an estimated of 40 000 buildings damaged; 200 people lost their lives, around 6 000 individuals were injuried and around 300 000 people were displaced.</p><p>Such figure are comparable to other large-scale disasters such as Cyclone Vayu in India, which occured in June 2019 or the displacement caused by the Typhoon Vongfong, in the Philippines.</p><p>The frequent increase of the natural disasters  puts pressure on the critical infrastructure of the cities. The disruption of the transportation system,  which is vital for the sustainable daily operations, are having a big impact on the economical, enviromental and social dimension of a city system. Among the various types of transportation system, ports are a focal point because of its strategic role for the economic growth of cities,regions and  global network. In addition, they are nodal points for the social and economical activity of the inhabitants.</p><p>Although the ports have played a key role in the development of their host cities, they are also vulnerable to a broad range of risks and threats because of a particular spatial character: the location at the intersection of land and sea.  </p><p>The study of the Beirut’s Port explosion examines the impact of port failures on the host urban enviroment and the relationship between hazards, vulnerability and the impact. The vulnerability of the port to disasters results  to the vulnerability of its host city. A context –based understanding  of the impact of the disaster and the elements at risk is essential to identify appropriate risk management strategies. The location of the port within the urban environment, in densely populated area, as in case of Beirut are some of the characteristics of the port cities that can magnify the impact of disasters to which they are prone.  The study will focus on a collection of data that records the impact and allows visualisation of the complex patterns of the disaster risk reduction.</p><p>The impact caused by the Beirut’s port explosion reminds us about the important role of the ports in their host cities and how fundamental is to identify the port’s infrastructure  exposure to hazards and risks.  Lessons learned from such event may be useful to reduce disaster risks in the port cities.</p>

Lessons Learned From the Operation of Large-Scale Reprocessing-Recycling Facilities in France: What Is in It for China?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Gros
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
The Impact

AREVA has been running since decades nuclear reprocessing and recycling installations in France. Several industrial facilities have been built and used to this aim across the time. Following those decades and with the more and more precise monitoring of the impact of those installations, precise data and lessons-learned have been collected that can be used for the stakeholders of potential new facilities. China has expressed strong interest in building such facilities. As a matter of fact, the issue of accumulation of spent fuel is becoming serious in China and jeopardizes the operation of several nuclear power plants, through the running out of space of storage pools. Tomorrow, with the extremely high pace of nuclear development of China, accumulation of spent fuel will be unbearable. Building reprocessing and recycling installations takes time. A decision has to be taken so as to enable the responsible development of nuclear in China. Without a solution for the back end of its nuclear fuel cycle, the development of nuclear energy will face a wall. This is what the Chinese central government, through the action of its industrial CNNC, has well understood. Several years of negotiations have been held with AREVA. Everybody in the sector seems now convinced. However, now that the negotiation is coming to an end, an effort should be done towards all the stakeholders, sharing actual information from France’s reference facilities on: safety, security, mitigation measures for health protection (of the workers, of the public), mitigation measures for the protection of the environment. Most of this information is public, as France has since years promulgated a law on Nuclear transparency. China is also in need for more transparency, yet lacks means to access this public information, often in French language, so let’s open our books!

Predicting the Ultimate Performance of Advanced Power Cycles Based on Very High Temperature Gas Turbine Engines

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Chiesa ◽  
Stefano Consonni ◽  
Giovanni Lozza ◽  
Ennio Macchi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Future Technology ◽  
The Impact

It is well known that the history of gas turbine engines has been characterized by a very clear trend toward higher and higher operating temperatures, a growth which in the past 40 years has progressed at the impressive pace of approximately 13°C/year. Expected improvements in blade cooling techniques and advancements in materials indicate that this tendency is going to last for long time, leading to firing temperatures of over 1500°C within the next two decades. This paper investigates the impact of such temperature increase on optimal cycle arrangements and on ultimate performance improvements achievable by future advanced gas/steam cycles for large-scale power generation. Performance predictions have been carried out by a modified, improved version of a computer code originally devised and calibrated for “1990 state-of-the-art” gas/steam cycles. The range of performances to be expected in the next decades has been delimited by considering various scenarios of cooling technology and materials, including the extreme situations of adiabatic expansion and stoichiometric combustion. The results of parametric thermodynamic analyses of several cycle configurations are presented for a number of technological scenarios, including cycles with intercooling and reheat. A specific section discusses how the optimum configuration of the bottoming steam cycle changes to keep up with exhaust gas temperature increases. Calculations show that, under plausible assumptions on future technology advancements, within two decades the proper selection of plant configuration and operating parameters can yield net efficiencies of over 60%.

scholarly journals Promoting EF With Preschool Interventions: Lessons Learned From 15 Years of Conducting Large-Scale Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shira Mattera ◽  
Natalia M. Rojas ◽  
Pamela A. Morris ◽  
Karen Bierman
Keyword(s):  
School Readiness ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Classroom Behaviors ◽  
Direct Training ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Impact

In the past two decades, a growing number of early childhood interventions that aim to improve school readiness have also targeted children's executive function (EF), building on the theory that promoting EF skills in preschool may play a key role in reducing the substantial gaps in school readiness and later achievement associated with family income. Despite the expansion of school readiness interventions across preschool, research evidence is mixed regarding what works to promote EF development and the impact of these interventions on children's EF skills, and subsequently, their academic and behavioral outcomes. This paper reviews four intervention approaches designed to support school readiness that may also improve children's EF skills by: (a) encouraging adaptive classroom behaviors, (b) improving social-emotional learning, (c) promoting play and direct training of EF skills, and (d) improving cognitive skills related to EF. We describe program effects from rigorous trials testing these approaches, including summarizing the takeaways from four large-scale intervention research studies conducted by the authors, involving over 5,000 children. We conclude by exploring open questions for the field and future directions for research and intervention program development and refinement.

scholarly journals Does the Implementation of Regulation Affect COVID-19 Transmissibility and Mortality? Lessons Learned from Nganjuk Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Danik Iga Prasiska ◽  
Sangchul Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Social Restriction ◽  
The Impact

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic is ineluctable, transmission that originated from a foreign country became the local transmission in Indonesia. As several regional authorities implemented a large-scale social restriction policy to reduce the transmission of COVID-19, the Nganjuk Regency government chose to implement a different strategy with the implementation of Regent Regulation number 28 of 2020 about novel practice in the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the impact of the implementation of the regulation on COVID-19 transmissibility and mortality at the Nganjuk Regency. Methods: Data were collected from the daily confirmed cases and death of COVID-19 made accessible for the public by the Nganjuk Regency Task Force for COVID-19 and Nganjuk Regency Health Office starting from March 30th to September 20th. Interrupted time series analysis was performed to estimate the impact of the implementation of regent regulation on COVID-19 transmission and mortality parameters. Result: The trend of new confirmed cases and deaths of COVID-19 in the Nganjuk Regency continued to fluctuate before and even after the implementation of regent regulation. It was found that there were reductions in case of fatality rates by -0.002 ± 0.003 (ρ 0.002) on CFR and -0.008 ± 0.008 (ρ 0.007) on eCFR after the regent regulation was implemented but there was no significant reduction on COVID-19 transmissibility parameter. Conclusion: Implementation of regent regulation in Nganjuk Regency significantly affected the reduction of case fatality rate but failed to slow down the COVID-19 transmissibility. Intensive community engagement to comply with the health preventive measures should be considered as an effective preventive strategy to reduce the transmission of COVID-19. 

scholarly journals The Elusive Path Toward Measuring Health Outcomes: Lessons Learned From a Pseudo-Randomized Controlled Trial of a Large-Scale Mobile Health Initiative

10.2196/14668 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e14668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Mechael ◽  
Nadi Nina Kaonga ◽  
Subhashini Chandrasekharan ◽  
Muthu Perumal Prakash ◽  
Joanne Peter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Child Health

Mobile health (mHealth) offers new opportunities to improve access to health services and health information. It also presents new challenges in evaluating its impact, particularly in linking the use of a technology intervention that aims to improve health behaviors with the health outcomes that are impacted by changed behaviors. The availability of data from a multitude of sources (paper-based and electronic) provides the conditions to facilitate making stronger connections between self-reported data and clinical outcomes. This commentary shares lessons and important considerations based on the experience of applying new research frameworks and incorporating maternal and child health records data into a pseudo-randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of mMitra, a stage-based voice messaging program to improve maternal, newborn, and child health outcomes in urban slums in India.

Measuring gravity on ice: An example from Wanapitei Lake, Ontario, Canada

Geophysics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. J23-J29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernan A. Ugalde ◽  
Elizabeth L’Heureux ◽  
Richard Lachapelle ◽  
Bernd Milkereit
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Calm Wind ◽  
Regional Gravity ◽  
The Impact

Large lakes have always represented a problem for regional gravity databases; the difficulty of access means gaps or coarse spacing in the sampling. Satellite, airborne, and shipborne gravity techniques are options, but the resolution and/or cost of these systems make them impractical or inaccurate for exploration or environmental studies, where the required resolution is [Formula: see text]. In this study, the feasibility of a ground gravity survey over a frozen lake where ice moves because of windy conditions is assessed. Lake Wanapitei, widely accepted as resulting from the impact of a meteorite 37 million years ago, is one of these cases in which the necessity of expanding coverage over poorly sampled regions arose from a significant gap between surface and airborne geophysical maps. Two gravity surveys were completed on the ice of Lake Wanapitei in the winters of 2003 and 2004. To study the structure, longtime series of gravity field measurements were recorded for 98 stations, allowing for improved control over the noise sources in the data. Final processing and integration with an existing regional data set in the area and the application of terrain corrections reduced the amplitude of the circular anomaly from 15 to [Formula: see text] and its diameter from 11 to [Formula: see text]. The feasibility of gravity surveys on ice was assessed, and we determined that for large-scale studies such as this one, the quality of the data, even under noisy conditions, was acceptable. However, for more detailed mapping, calm wind conditions and long time series are required.

scholarly journals Security Evaluation under Different Exchange Strategies Based on Heterogeneous CPS Model in Interdependent Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6123
Author(s):  
Hao Peng ◽  
Can Liu ◽  
Dandan Zhao ◽  
Zhaolong Hu ◽  
Jianmin Han
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Security Evaluation ◽  
Cascading Failures ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cps Model

In the real Internet of Everything scenario, many large-scale information systems can be converted into interdependent sensor networks, such as smart grids, smart medical systems, and industrial Internet systems. These complex systems usually have multiple interdependent sensor networks. Small faults or failure behaviors between networks may cause serious cascading failure effects of the entire system. Therefore, in this paper, we will focus on the security of interdependent sensor networks. Firstly, by calculating the size of the largest functional component in the entire network, the impact of random attacks on the security of interdependent sensor networks is analyzed. Secondly, it compares and analyzes the impact of cascading failures between interdependent sensor networks under different switching edge strategies. Finally, the simulation results verify the effect of the security of the system under different strategies, and give a better exchange strategy to enhance the security of the system. In addition, the research work in this article can help design how to further optimize the topology of interdependent sensor networks by reducing the impact of cascading failures.

scholarly journals Graphing Ecotoxicology: The MAGIC Graph for Linking Environmental Data on Chemicals

Data ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Bub ◽  
Jakob Wolfram ◽  
Sebastian Stehle ◽  
Lara Petschick ◽  
Ralf Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Relational Data ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Graph Database ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Large Scale Analysis ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
The Impact

Assessing the impact of chemicals on the environment and addressing subsequent issues are two central challenges to their safe use. Environmental data are continuously expanding, requiring flexible, scalable, and extendable data management solutions that can harmonize multiple data sources with potentially differing nomenclatures or levels of specificity. Here, we present the methodological steps taken to construct a rule-based labeled property graph database, the “Meta-analysis of the Global Impact of Chemicals” (MAGIC) graph, for potential environmental impact chemicals (PEIC) and its subsequent application harmonizing multiple large-scale databases. The resulting data encompass 16,739 unique PEICs attributed to their corresponding chemical class, stereo-chemical information, valid synonyms, use types, unique identifiers (e.g., Chemical Abstract Service registry number CAS RN), and others. These data provide researchers with additional chemical information for a large amount of PEICs and can also be publicly accessed using a web interface. Our analysis has shown that data harmonization can increase up to 98% when using the MAGIC graph approach compared to relational data systems for datasets with different nomenclatures. The graph database system and its data appear more suitable for large-scale analysis where traditional (i.e., relational) data systems are reaching conceptional limitations.

scholarly journals Wales Inverse Care Law Programme - Design and Implementation of Routine Data Evaluation and Lessons Learned

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Akbari ◽  
Rowena Griffiths ◽  
Alice Puchades ◽  
Sara Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Health Check ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Inverse Care Law ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThe Inverse Care Law (ICL) programme in Wales was setup to tackle health inequalities. Eligible populations from deprived communities, at higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) were invited to a health-check and offered appropriate lifestyle and clinical interventions. Objectives and ApproachEvaluation of this programme is vital to ensure that targeted interventions have been received by those most in need, including referrals to lifestyle services and support. The use of longitudinal population-scale routine-data required the development of an approach which was both efficient and cost effective. To achieve this, the Welsh Longitudinal General Practice (WLGP) data held in SAIL Databank was utilised. A programme-specific methodology was agreed by the programme-board and developed so that data collected from GP records prior, during and post health-check accurately identified the eligible population and allowed the effective assessment of lifestyle and clinical risk factors for CVD; poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking and high alcohol intake, so appropriate interventions could be offered. ResultsWe evaluated the programme from 2015 to 2019 in 70 GP’s across the participating Health-Boards, and identified 175,671 individuals eligible by the programme criteria. Substantial preliminary work has been carried out to ensure the specification of outcome measures are both clinically and epidemiologically accurate and relevant. The final report scheduled for release in August-2020, which will evaluate the impact of the programme. Conclusion / ImplicationsThis ambitious evaluation of a large-scale programme set in the community involving disparate systems and a range of stakeholders, has been both complex and challenging, requiring substantial effort to design and implement. We hope the outcomes and lessons learned from our experience will improve the design, implementation and evaluation of the programme and lead to improvements in services and the quality of life for people in Wales, and provide an exemplar for health care providers worldwide wishing to conduct similar programmes in the future.

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