scholarly journals Analysis of Height-to-Width Ratio of Commercial Streets with Arcades Based on Sunshine Hours and Street Orientation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianfeng Huang ◽  
Congmin Li ◽  
Zhixiang Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
The Road ◽  
Nonlinear Fitting ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Design Software ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Network Form

By extracting and simplifying the characteristics of commercial streets with arcades (Qilou) in Nanning, the tissue map of Qilou streets which reflects the urban morphology, including the road network form, block scale, building scale and other characteristics in a hot and humid area is obtained. In addition, the sunshine simulation is performed by using sunshine design software in an environment comprising streets with arcades to simulate street sunlight environments under various conditions. The relationship among street height-to-width ratio, sunshine hours, and street orientation angle is achieved by nonlinear fitting analysis. Then, a model is established to adjust the street height-to-width ratio based on sunshine requirement and street orientation. The finding indicated that when the street is north–south, it is suggested that the street height-to-width ratio is 0.95–1.13 to reduce sunshine hours effectively, and when the street is east–west, it is proposed that one side of the street should have a recessed space to improve the thermal conditions. The results of this study can serve as the specific guidelines that can be adopted in the redesign and reformation of commercial streets with arcades to achieve thermal comfort of Qilou streets in hot and humid areas.

scholarly journals The Road More Travelled: The Differential Effects of Spatial Experience in Young and Elderly Participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 709
Author(s):  
Antonella Lopez ◽  
Alessandro Germani ◽  
Luigi Tinella ◽  
Alessandro Oronzo Caffò ◽  
Albert Postma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Road ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Coordinate Spatial Relations ◽  
Categorical Spatial Relations ◽  
The Relationship

Our spatial mental representations allow us to give refined descriptions of the environment in terms of the relative locations and distances between objects and landmarks. In this study, we investigated the effects of familiarity with the everyday environment, in terms of frequency of exploration and mode of transportation, on categorical and coordinate spatial relations, on young and elderly participants, controlling for socio-demographic factors. Participants were tested with a general anamnesis, a neuropsychological assessment, measures of explorations and the Landmark Positioning on a Map task. The results showed: (a) a modest difference in performance with categorical spatial relations; (b) a larger difference in coordinate spatial relations; (c) a significant moderating effect of age on the relationship between familiarity and spatial relations, with a stronger relation among the elderly than the young. Ceteris paribus, the role of direct experience with exploring their hometown on spatial mental representations appeared to be more important in the elderly than in the young. This advantage appears to make the elderly wiser and likely protects them from the detrimental effects of aging on spatial mental representations.

scholarly journals Fail to Yield? An Analysis of Ambulance Crashes in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1566
Author(s):  
Rong-Chang Jou ◽  
Ming-Che Chao
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Emergency Vehicle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mnl Model ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Crash Injuries ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction—Medical emergency vehicles help patients get to the hospital quickly. However, there were more and more ambulance crashes on the road in Taiwan during the last decade. This study investigated the characteristics of medical emergency vehicle crashes in Taiwan from January 2003 to December 2016. Methods—The ordered logit (OL) model, multinominal logit (MNL) model, and partial proportional odds (PPO) model were applied to investigate the relationship between the severity of ambulance crash injuries and its risk factors. Results—We found the various factors have different effects on the overall severity of ambulance crashes, such as ambulance drivers’ characteristics and road and weather conditions. When another car was involved in ambulance crashes, there was a disproportionate effect on the different overall severity, as found by the PPO model. Conclusions—The results showed that male ambulance drivers and car drivers who failed to yield to an ambulance had a higher risk of severe injury from ambulance crashes. Ambulance crashes are an emerging issue and need further policies and public education regarding Taiwan’s ambulance transportation safety.

scholarly journals Relationship between Cycling Infrastructure and Transportation Cycling in a Small Urban Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Richard Larouche ◽  
Nimesh Patel ◽  
Jennifer L. Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small City ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
The Relationship

The role of infrastructure in encouraging transportation cycling in smaller cities with a low prevalence of cycling remains unclear. To investigate the relationship between the presence of infrastructure and transportation cycling in a small city (Lethbridge, AB, Canada), we interviewed 246 adults along a recently-constructed bicycle boulevard and two comparison streets with no recent changes in cycling infrastructure. One comparison street had a separate multi-use path and the other had no cycling infrastructure. Questions addressed time spent cycling in the past week and 2 years prior and potential socio-demographic and psychosocial correlates of cycling, including safety concerns. Finally, we asked participants what could be done to make cycling safer and more attractive. We examined predictors of cycling using gender-stratified generalized linear models. Women interviewed along the street with a separate path reported cycling more than women on the other streets. A more favorable attitude towards cycling and greater habit strength were associated with more cycling in both men and women. Qualitative data revealed generally positive views about the bicycle boulevard, a need for education about sharing the road and for better cycling infrastructure in general. Our results suggest that, even in smaller cities, cycling infrastructure may encourage cycling, especially among women.

scholarly journals It’s Sunny, Be Healthy? An International Comparison of the Influence of Sun Exposure and Latitude Lines on Self-Rated Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4101
Author(s):  
Sandra Jaworeck ◽  
Peter Kriwy
Keyword(s):  
International Comparison ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Uvb Exposure ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

The positive impact of sunshine on self-rated health is well known. For the first time, the relationship between sunshine and self-rated health is examined in the context of latitude lines in international comparison. The further people live from the equator, the lower sun exposure (UVB exposure) and the more often they experience a vitamin D deficiency. UVB exposure decreases with degrees of latitudinal lines, and in addition to that, sunshine duration is shorter in northern countries. In order to consider the connection, sunshine duration and degree of latitude lines were manually enriched from the German Meteorological Service (Deutscher Wetterdienst) to the International Social Survey Programs (2011): Health and Health Care and analyzed with a logistic multilevel model, as well as the inclusion of sunshine duration as a mediator. If sunshine hours, as well as latitude lines, are considered separately in models, both show a statistically significant effect. Together in one model, the sunshine hours lose their relationship and additionally there is no mediation. This suggests that the location of the region is the decisive component when considering self-rated health. Furthermore, an interaction between age and sunshine hours as well as latitude lines is also shown.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Urban Morphology to the Formation of the Microclimate in Compact Urban Cores: A Study in the City Center of Thessaloniki

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Georgios-Rafail Kouklis ◽  
Athena Yiannakou
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
City Center ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the contribution of urban morphology to the formation of microclimatic conditions prevailing within urban outdoor spaces. We studied the compact form of a city and examined, at a detailed, street plan level, elements related to air temperature, urban ventilation, and the individual’s thermal comfort. All elements examined are directly affected by both the urban form and the availability of open and green spaces. The field study took place in a typical compact urban fabric of an old city center, the city center of Thessaloniki, where we investigated the relationship between urban morphology and microclimate. Urban morphology was gauged by examining the detailed street plan, along with the local building patterns. We used a simulation method based on the ENVI-met© software. The findings of the field study highlight the fact that the street layout, the urban canyon, and the open and green spaces in a compact urban form contribute decisively both to the creation of the microclimatic conditions and to the influence of the bioclimatic parameters.

C. Sharon Advisor Dov Weisglass, Remarks on Relations with the United States, Disengagement, the Road Map, and the Possibilities of a Palestinian State, Tel Aviv, October 2004 (excerpts)

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Security ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sharp Contrast ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The Relationship

Ha'Aretz's lengthy interview with Dov Weisglass, Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's ““point man”” with Washington and probably his closest advisor, was conducted by Ari Shavit and published first in excerpts and two days later in its entirety. In addition to bringing into sharp contrast the contradiction between Israel's declaratory policies and assurances and its actual policies and intentions——and in so doing eliciting a swift ““clarification”” from the Prime Minister's Office——the interview also conveys a sense of the intimacy and easy camaraderie that characterizes U.S.-Israeli interactions. The full text is available at www.haaretz.com. Tell me about the dynamics of the relationship between you [and U.S. national security advisor Condoleezza Rice], and whether it's an unusual relationship.

CERTAIN SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATION AND PROPAGANDA SAFE BEHAVIOR ON THE ROAD

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
О.О. Марокко
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Life Support System ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Subject ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Social Advertising ◽  
The Relationship

В статье рассматриваются некоторые социально-психологические аспекты повышения эффективности социальной рекламы в области безопасности дорожного движения. Автором отмечено, что для достижения цели субъект пропаганды дол- жен осознать взаимосвязь между его индивидуальным поведением на дороге и надежностью всей системы жизнеобеспечения. The article discuses some of the socio-psychological aspects of increasing of social advertising in the field of road safety. The author notes that in order to achieve the goal, the subject of propaganda must aware of the relationship between his individual behavior on the road and the reliability of the entire life support system.

scholarly journals Effect of Thickness of Gravel Base and Asphalt Pavement on Road Deformation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongliang He ◽  
Weijun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Test Section ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Vertical Deformation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
The Relationship

This study uses a test section of a highway, a study object, to explore the effect of thickness of the gravel base and asphalt layer on the vertical deformation of the road surface. The thickness of the asphalt layer and graded gravel base is changed. The nonlinear description equation of the relationship between the thickness (h1) of the asphalt layer and the vertical deformation (d1) is established: d1=a41−b4h1. The thickness of the asphalt pavement is then determined to reduce vertical deformation. Numerical calculation shows that the maximum vertical deformation of the foundation is within 8 mm, which is less than the 15 mm maximum vertical deformation of the embankment. This level meets the design requirements.

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