scholarly journals Optimization of Lignin Extraction Variables by Response Surface Methodology from Pine Saw Dust, and Quantification of Major Structural Units in Isolated Lignin Fraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1739
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ajaz Ahmed ◽  
Jae Hoon Lee ◽  
Joon Weon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Quantum Coherence ◽  
Resonance Spectrum ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Solids Loading ◽  
A Value ◽  
Lignin Extraction ◽  
Lignin Fraction

A synergistic combination of dioxane, acetic acid, and HCl was investigated for lignin extraction from pine wood biomass. After initial screening of reagent combination, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the lignin yield with respect to the variables of time 24–72 h, solids loading 5–15%, and catalyst dose 5–15 mL. A quadratic model predicted 8.33% of the lignin yield, and it was further confirmed experimentally and through the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Lignin at optimum combination exhibited features in terms of derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) with a value of (305 µmol/gm), average molecular weights of 4358 and polydispersity of 1.65, and 2D heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (2D-HSQC NMR) analysis showing relative β-O-4 linkages (37.80%). From here it can be suggested that this fractionation can be one option for high quality lignin extraction from lignocellulosic biomass.

scholarly journals An Approach Towards Optimization Appraisal of Thermal Conductivity of Magnetic Thermoplastic Elastomeric Nanocomposites Using Response Surface Methodology

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2030
Author(s):  
Moayad Husein Flaifel
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
P Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Thermoplastic Natural Rubber ◽  
Optimal Set ◽  
Central Composite

This study investigates the optimization of thermal conductivity of nickel zinc ferrite incorporated thermoplastic natural rubber nanocomposites using response surface methodology (RSM). The experimental runs were based on face-centered central composite design (FCCD) where three levels were designated for both temperature and magnetic filler content. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that the implemented technique is significant with an F-value of 35.7 and a p-value of <0.0001. Moreover, the statistical inference drawn from the quadratic model suggests a saddle response behavior the thermal conductivity took when both factors were correlated. The factors’ optimal set confined within the practical range led to a thermal conductivity of 1.05 W/m·K, a value which is believed to be associated with an optimal percolated network that served as efficacious thermal pathways in the fabricated nanocomposites. These results are believed to contribute to the potential employability of magnetic polymer nanocomposites (MPNCs) in electronic packaging applications.

EXTRACTION OPTIMIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM AVOCADO PEEL

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Nu Linh Giang Ton ◽  
Thi Hoai Nguyen ◽  
Quoc Hung Vo
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Avocado peel has been considered as a potential source of natural antioxidants in which phenolics are among the most important compounds. Therefore, this study aims to optimize the extraction process of phenolics using response surface methodology and evaluate the corresponding antioxidant activity. From the quadratic model, the optimal condition was determined including the ethanol concentration 54.55% (v/v), the solvent/solute ratio 71.82/1 (mL/g), temperature 53.03 oC and extraction time 99.09 min. The total phenolic content and the total antioxidant capacity at this condition with minor modifications were 26,74 ± 0,04 (mg GAE/g DW) and 188.06 ± 1.41 (mg AAE/g DW), respectively. The significant correlation between total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity was also confirmed. Key words: response surface methodology, central composite rotatable design, total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity, avocado peel

scholarly journals Optimizing Adsorption of 17α-Ethinylestradiol from Water by Magnetic MXene Using Response Surface Methodology and Adsorption Kinetics, Isotherm, and Thermodynamics Studies

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3150
Author(s):  
Mengwei Xu ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Zihan Wu ◽  
Xianxin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Adsorption Time ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

Magnetic MXene composite Fe3O4@Ti3C2 was successfully prepared and employed as 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) adsorbent from water solution. The response surface methodology was employed to investigate the interactive effects of adsorption parameters (adsorption time, pH of the solution, initial concentration, and the adsorbent dose) and optimize these parameters for obtaining maximum adsorption efficiency of EE2. The significance of independent variables and their interactions were tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test statistics. Optimization of the process variables for maximum adsorption of EE2 by Fe3O4@Ti3C2 was performed using the quadratic model. The model predicted maximum adsorption of 97.08% under the optimum conditions of the independent variables (adsorption time 6.7 h, pH of the solution 6.4, initial EE2 concentration 0.98 mg L−1, and the adsorbent dose 88.9 mg L−1) was very close to the experimental value (95.34%). pH showed the highest level of significance with the percent contribution (63.86%) as compared to other factors. The interactive influences of pH and initial concentration on EE2 adsorption efficiency were significant (p < 0.05). The goodness of fit of the model was checked by the coefficient of determination (R2) between the experimental and predicted values of the response variable. The response surface methodology successfully reflects the impact of various factors and optimized the process variables for EE2 adsorption. The kinetic adsorption data for EE2 fitted well with a pseudo-second-order model, while the equilibrium data followed Langmuir isotherms. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process. Therefore, Fe3O4@Ti3C2 composite present the outstanding capacity to be employed in the remediation of EE2 contaminated wastewaters.

scholarly journals Rheological properties of emulsions stabilized by green banana (Musa cavendishii) pulp fitted by power law model

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1541-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayane Rosalyn Izidoro ◽  
Agnes de Paula Scheer ◽  
Maria-Rita Sierakowsk
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Soy Oil ◽  
Power Law Model ◽  
Green Banana

In this work, the rheological behaviour of emulsions (mayonnaises) stabilized by green banana pulp using the response surface methodology was studied. In addition, the emulsions stability was investigated. Five formulations were developed, according to design for constrained surfaces and mixtures, with the proportion, respectively: water/soy oil/green banana pulp: F1 (0.10/0.20/0.70), F2 (0.20/0.20/0.60), F3 (0.10/0.25/0.65), F4 (0.20/0.25/0.55) and F5 (0.15/0.225/0.625) .Emulsions rheological properties were performed with a rotational Haake Rheostress 600 rheometer and a cone and plate geometry sensor (60-mm diameter, 2º cone angle), using a gap distance of 1mm. The emulsions showed pseudoplastic behaviour and were adequately described by the Power Law model. The rheological responses were influenced by the difference in green banana pulp proportions and also by the temperatures (10 and 25ºC). The formulations with high pulp content (F1 and F3) presented higher shear stress and apparent viscosity. Response surface methodology, described by the quadratic model,showed that the consistency coefficient (K) increased with the interaction between green banana pulp and soy oil concentration and the water fraction contributed to the flow behaviour index increase for all emulsions samples. Analysis of variance showed that the second-order model had not significant lack-of-fit and a significant F-value, indicating that quadratic model fitted well into the experimental data. The emulsions that presented better stability were the formulations F4 (0.20/0.25/0.55) and F5 (0.15/0.225/0.625).

scholarly journals Optimizing Physiochemical and Sensory Properties of Infrared-Hot Air Roasted Sunflower Kernels Using Response Surface Methodology

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdis Mosayebi ◽  
Mahdi Kashaninejad ◽  
Leila Najafian
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Hot Air

Roasting sunflower kernels is a key process in production of nuts. In this study, the effect of roasting conditions, including hot air temperature (120–160°C), infrared (IR) power (400–600 W) and roasting time (3–10 min) on energy and specific energy consumption, color parameters (L∗, a∗, b∗, ΔE, BI, SI, WI, and h°), texture, moisture content, chemical properties (pH and total phenolic contents, peroxide value (PV), and sensory properties of sunflower kernel were investigated. In addition, the best models for the responses were obtained, and the proper roasting conditions were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). A quadratic model was proposed for color change (L∗, ΔE, SI, and WI), moisture and total phenol contents, linear relation for a∗, b∗, h°, and 2FI for BI, texture, PV, and pH. Roasting at 425.7 W IR power and 124.3°C for 3.7 min was found to be convenient or proper roasting conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Ultrasonic-Microwave-Assisted Technology on Hordein Extraction from Barley and Optimization of Process Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Guan ◽  
Lv Li ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Sen Li
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
The Difference

We investigated the process intensification of ultrasonic-microwave-assisted technology for hordein extraction from barley. Response surface methodology was utilized to optimize the extraction conditions and to analyze the interaction between four selected variables: temperature, microwave power, ultrasonic power, and extraction time. The validated extraction yield of hordein reached 8.84% at 78°C, microwave power 298 W, and ultrasonic power 690 W after 20 min as optimum conditions. Compared with traditional water-bath extraction (4.7%), the ultrasonic-microwave-assisted technology effectively increased the hordein extraction yield and shortened the extraction time. According to the obtained quadratic model (R2 = 0.9457), ultrasonic power and extraction time were the first two significant factors. However, temperature limited the effects of other factors during extraction. SDS-PAGE and scanning electron microscopy were used to identify the hordein extract and to clarify the difference between the two hordein fractions extracted with new and traditional methods, respectively. Ultrasonic-microwave-assisted technology provided a new way to improve hordein extraction yield from barley and could be a good candidate for industrial application of process intensification.

scholarly journals ADSORPTION OF MALACHITE GREEN DYE USING SPENT COFFEE GROUND BIOCHAR: OPTIMISATION USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Mardawani Mohamad ◽  
Rizki Wannahari ◽  
Rosmawani Mohammad ◽  
Noor Fazliani Shoparwe ◽  
Kwan Wei Lun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Spent Coffee Ground ◽  
Coffee Ground

Used coffee grounds usually end up as landfill. However, the unique structural properties of its porous surface make coffee grounds can be transformed into biochar and performed as an alternative low cost adsorbent. Malachite green (MG) is a readily water soluble dye which is used extensively in textile and aquaculture industries. The mordant complex structures of MG generate destructive effects to animals and environment. In this study, adsorption of malachite green using spent coffee ground biochar as adsorbent was investigated. The experiments were designed in two methods: classical and optimisation by response surface methodology. Three parameters were studied, which are adsorbent dosage, contact time and pH while the responses in this study are malachite green removal (%) and adsorption capacity (mg/g). Optimisation studies were performed using response surface methodology. Quadratic model was chosen for both response and studied using central composite design. The correlation coefficient, R2 for the quadratic model of malachite green removal (%) and adsorption capacity (mg/g) were 0.95 and 0.99, respectively. The optimum malachite green removal (%) predicted was found at 99.27%, by using 0.12 g of adsorbent dosage, 43.05 minutes of contact time and pH of 9.45 at desirability of 1.0. The optimum adsorption capacity (mg/g) predicted was found at 118.01 mg/g, by using 0.02 g of adsorbent dosage, 60 minutes of contact time and pH of 10.24 at desirability of 0.98. So, it was concluded that the spent coffee ground biochar can be used as an effective adsorbent for malachite green removal from aqueous solution.

Optimization of phenolics and antioxidants extraction from Centaurium erythraea using response surface methodology

2021 ◽  
pp. 6455-6462
Author(s):  
Wissam Zam ◽  
Ali Ali ◽  
Dimah Saleem ◽  
Sahar Alali
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Centaurium Erythraea

In recent years, Centaurium erythraea extracts have attracted much research attention in the context of prevention or treatment of many diseases due to its bioactive compounds content and antioxidant activity. The antioxidants of C. erythraea are very effective as they possess excellent antioxidant activity. Thus, it can be used as a safe and natural food preservative. The aim of this study is to make extracts more effective by optimizing the extraction conditions of the phenolics and antioxidants from C. erythraea using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design (CCD). Two process variables (Methanol volume fraction and solid - solvent ratio) were evaluated at five levels (13 experimental designs). Multiple regression analyses were performed to obtain quadratic polynomial equations using RSM; each response was fitted by a quadratic model. The adequacy of the models was proven using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The significant effects of the factors and their interactions on the extraction efficiency were investigated at 95% confidence interval. RSM indicated that the optimal extraction conditions were 71% methanol volume fraction and 2.2:10 solid:solvent ratio. Predicted values thus obtained were close to the experimental values indicating suitability of the model.

Multi-objective Optimization of UV Spot Curing Technique of Slider - Suspension Attachment Process Using Response Surface Methodology Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santi Pumkrachang
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Epoxy Adhesive ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
Cure Time

The ultraviolet (UV) curing of slider-suspension attachment is going to change from a manual to an automated process. As a result, the bonding parameters of adhesive between slider and suspension needs to be optimized. This paper aims to study two output responses of the UV curable epoxy adhesive i.e., shear strength force and pitch static attitude (PSA) of the joint between slider and suspension in a head gimbal assembly (HGA). Four process parameters were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) based on face-centered central composite design (FCCD). The RSM was applied to establish a mathematical model to correlate the significance of process parameters and the responses. Then the based multi-objective was applied to determine a quadratic model and obtained the output maximization at 224 g of shear strength force and PSA value close to the target at 1.8 degrees. The input process parameters were optimized at 0.7 s of UV bottom cure time, 120 °C of UV dual side temperature, 5.0 s of UV dual side cure time, and 230 μm of adhesive dot size. The validation experiment showed a prediction response error of less than 7% of the actual value.

Improvement of the process of removing phosphorus from high-phosphorus distillery effluent by ferric chloride using response surface methodology and three-step method

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 2046-2055
Author(s):  
Shengjian Li ◽  
Ting Lei ◽  
Fang Jiang ◽  
Changlin Miao ◽  
Xiangjun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Distillery Effluent ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Major Factors

Abstract The purpose of this study was to optimize the coagulation–flocculation effect of a wastewater treatment system using the response surface methodology (RSM) and three-step method to minimize phosphorus concentration in the distillate wastewater. In order to minimize the concentration of total phosphorus (TP), experiments were carried out using -factorial designs with three levels and three factors. A Box–Behnken design, which is the standard design of RSM, was used to evaluate the effects and interactions of three major factors (Fe:P (w/w) ratio, coagulation pH and fast mixing speed (FMS)) on the treatment efficiency. A multivariable quadratic model developed for studying the response indicated that the values for optimum conditions for Fe:P (w/w) ratio, coagulation pH and FMS were 2.40, 6.48 and 100 rev min−1, respectively. Under optimal process conditions, the TP concentration in the distillery effluent was reduced from 10 mg L−1 to 0.215 mg L−1, representing a removal efficiency of 97.85%. Based upon the statistical evaluation of results, it is inferred that RSM can be used as an appropriate approach to optimize the coag-flocculation process. Meanwhile, the study has shown that, for the equivalent dose of ferric chloride, the average three-step effect is better than that of the one-time addition.

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