scholarly journals Effects of Garden Amendments on Soil Available Lead and Plant Uptake in a Contaminated Calcareous Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5777
Author(s):  
Tara Geiger ◽  
Urszula Norton
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Tissue Content ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
High Lead

Gardeners use organic and inorganic substances to enhance plant growth, which can inadvertently impact soil solubility and plant uptake of unknown contaminants. Consequently, human exposure can increase through gardening and consumption of produce grown in potentially contaminated soils. A greenhouse experiment was established to examine the effects of biochar, compost, and common inorganic fertilizer on soil lead (Pb) availability for radish (Raphanus sativus, L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa, L.) grown in a calcareous soil containing excessively high lead (Pb), along with Pb accumulation in radish tissue. Results indicate that soil amended with biochar and planted to radish saw an 18% reduction in available Pb and an 11% decrease in plant tissue content when compared to the control. Compost showed an 8% reduction in available Pb, but a 19% increase in tissue content. In contrast, soil with inorganic fertilizer planted to radish increased in both soil Pb availability by 11% and Pb tissue content by 40%. Adding water-soluble inorganic fertilizers to contaminated calcareous soils without added organic matter enhances soil Pb availability and often asymptomatic plant Pb bioaccumulation. In conclusion, gardeners are encouraged to test their soils for contamination and apply biochar in combination with compost, as this combination is recommended to improve soil health and aid in overcoming initial N deficiencies induced by biochar.

scholarly journals Application of Single Superphosphate with Humic Acid Improves the Growth, Yield and Phosphorus Uptake of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Calcareous Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Izhar Shafi ◽  
Muhammad Adnan ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
Fazli Wahid ◽  
Ahsan Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
P Fertilizers

In calcareous soil, the significant portion of applied phosphorus (P) fertilizers is adsorbed on the calcite surface and becomes unavailable to plants. Addition of organic amendments with chemical fertilizers can be helpful in releasing the absorbed nutrients from these surfaces. To check out this problem, a field experiment was conducted for two years to determine the effect of P fertilizers and humic acid (HA) in enhancing P availability in soil and their ultimate effect on growth, yield and P uptake of wheat in calcareous soils. The experiment was comprised of five levels of P (0, 45, 67.5, 90 and 112.5 kg P2O5 ha−1) as a single superphosphate (SSP) and 2 levels of locally produced humic acid (with and without HA) arranged in a two factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Wheat plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain, straw and biological yield were significantly improved by the addition of HA with SSP. Very often, the performance of 67.5 kg P2O5 ha−1 with HA were either similar or better than 90 or even 112.5 kg P2O5 ha−1 applied without HA. Post-harvest soil organic matter, AB-DTPA extractable and water-soluble P, plant P concentration and its uptake were also significantly improved by the addition of HA with SSP compared to sole SSP application. It was evident that P efficiency could be increased with HA addition and it has the potential to improve crop yield and plants P uptake in calcareous soils.

scholarly journals Responses of Tomato to Potassium Rates in a Calcareous Soil

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 764-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhu ◽  
Monica Ozores-Hampton ◽  
Yuncong Li ◽  
Kelly Morgan ◽  
Guodong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Postharvest Quality

Florida produces the most vegetables in the United States during the winter season with favorable weather conditions. However, vegetables grown on calcareous soils in Florida have no potassium (K) fertilizer recommendation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of K rates on leaf tissue K concentration (LTKC), plant biomass, fruit yield, and postharvest quality of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown on a calcareous soil. The experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 2014 and 2015 in Homestead, FL. Potassium fertilizers were applied at rates of 0, 56, 93, 149, 186, and 223 kg·ha−1 of K and divided into preplant dry fertilizer and fertigation during the season. No deficiency of LTKC was found at 30 days after transplanting (DAT) in both years. Potassium rates lower than 149 kg·ha−1 resulted in deficient LTKC at 95 DAT in 2014. No significant responses to K rates were observed in plant (leaf, stem, and root combined) dry weight biomass at all the sampling dates in both years. However, at 95 DAT, fruit dry weight biomass increased with increasing K rates to 130 and 147 kg·ha−1, reaching a plateau thereafter indicated by the linear-plateau models in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Predicted from quadratic and linear-plateau models, K rates of 173 and 178 kg·ha−1 were considered as the optimum rates for total season marketable yields in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Postharvest qualities, including fruit firmness, pH, and total soluble solids (TSS) content, were not significantly affected by K rates in both years. Overall, K rate of 178 kg·ha−1 was sufficient to grow tomato during the winter season in calcareous soils with 78 to 82 mg·kg−1 of ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA)-extracted K in Florida.

scholarly journals Patent-information support for assessing the environmental status of the soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 36-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Samokhvalova ◽  
O. V. Mangryka ◽  
A. I. Fateev ◽  
V. M. Gorjakina
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Patent Information ◽  
Environmental Status

Innovative (patent information research, elaboration of new methods and their implementation) and environmental management, the using of human-contaminated soils, soil protection against pollution and its prevention are the basic directions of the strategic management of soil resources. In conditions of intensive anthropogenic pressure the assessment of the ecological status of soils is an important factor, which reduces the risks of soil degradation and to propose ways to restore their productive and ecological functions on the further development of functional - ecological approach in soil science (Dobrovolsky, Nikitin, 1986, 1996). Therefore, urgent and important in theoretical and practical aspect is the elaboration of new technical decisions (methods) of soil quality assessment to create conditions to improve and to prevent the reduction of the level of productivity of soils and plants, the deterioration of their quality. The purpose of the investigations – the analysis of information sources existing patent information base of Ukraine and Russia on the issue of the environmental assessment of soils and perform patent research. Tasks perform patent research: the technical level of the object; analysis of scientific and technical activities leading developers; studying trends existing way to do that; techno-economic analysis of technical solutions/inventions that meet the objectives of the development; the study of the newness and novelty of the developed object and its constituent parts; investigated of the feasibility of its legal protection. It was considered the features of assessment of the soils environmental status in the investigation of the current patent-information database in Ukraine and Russia, components of which are developed new technical decisions. It was reviewed the providing patent information to assess the ecological status of both contaminated and uncontaminated soils. By analysis it was found that the patent-information support of Ukraine and Russia relative to existing methods of soils ecological status assessment is presented by the following ways: the ways of assessing of the soils research background concentrations, mobile, gross or water-soluble forms of trace elements and heavy metals; estimates based on bioassay and bioindication in combination with chemical analytical measurement indicators; comprehensive and expert evaluation of the properties of soils and its contamination; assessment of soil quality, considering the physical, physic-chemical and others properties; assessment of soil pollution using GIS technology, etc. The technical result of the developed methods is to improve the objectivity of assessment of changing soil quality and accuracy of the expert-analytical assessments of functional suitability of soils certain territory to growing different crops on a permanent or constant impact factor of pollution; for zoning for maximum efficiency use of different methods, methods of remediation of contaminated soils or soil improvers of different nature and micronutrients using to optimize the trace element status of soil and plants, soil quality; to evaluate the effectiveness of the testing results of the elaborated technical decisions in different soil-climatic zones.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as influenced by foliar application of water soluble fertilizer

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
S. Roy ◽  
S.K. Gunri ◽  
A. M. Puste ◽  
A. Sengupta ◽  
D. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer

The field experiment was undertaken at the District Seed Farm, Kalyani at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal during summer season of 2012 and 2013 to study the growth and yield of summer groundnut as influenced by application of water soluble foliar grade fertilizer. Application of liquid grade fertilizerat early growth stage up to 45 DAE did not influence the plant height and dry matter production significantly, but towards maturity varied significantly (P ≤ 0.05). Crop growth rate was faster at early part of the crop age and gradually slows at later part towards maturity. Foliar application of water soluble fertilizer along with RDF 85% had the significant (P ≤ 0.05) influence to increase the number of pods per plant, but shelling percentage and hundred kernel weight did not vary significantly. Liquid grade fertilizer either starter dose or booster dose or in both had the positive response to increased the groundnut pod yield up to 4-6 % over RDF only. The crop was equally responsive in increasing the pod yield, when RDF was reduced by 15% along with foliar application of liquid grade fertilizer. The foliar application of water soluble fertilizer was not the substitute to soil applied inorganic fertilizer. Instead, foliar supplementation of nutrients showed positive response to increase the pod yield, in addition to the fertilizers added to soil. Gross return decreased with reduction in amount of RDF applied for the crop, but gross return increased, when water soluble foliar grade inorganic fertilizer was supplemented with RDF. The maximum gross return of `150399 was obtained. The results obtained from correlation analysis carried out to examine the linear relationship between pod yields with different plant characters. Data obtained in case of dry matter of the plant was 0.995 and 0.997 in the respective years at 1% level of significance. Thus, it was concluded that dry matter content of plant is solely responsible over the yield increase in groundnut and foliar application of inorganic fertilizers in addition to that in soil has helped in better adsorption of nutrients in adequate amount by the crop.

scholarly journals A Review on the Current State of Knowledge of Growing Conditions, Agronomic Soil Health Practices and Utilities of Hemp in the United States

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeoluwa Adesina ◽  
Arnab Bhowmik ◽  
Harmandeep Sharma ◽  
Abolghasem Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Wide Range

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an emerging high-value specialty crop that can be cultivated for either fiber, seed, or cannabidiol (CBD). The demand for hemp and its products has been consistently on the rise in the 21st century. The United States of America (USA) has reintroduced hemp and legalized its production as an agricultural commodity through the 2018 Federal Farm Bill. Although there is a renewed interest in the adoption of hemp due to the emerging market, its production in the United States (US) remains limited partly because of unclear agronomic guidance and fertilization recommendations. This review article provides information on the current agronomic management practices that are available in the literature and identifies the future research needs for cultivating this multipurpose crop to address the growing market demands. Hemp production could be beneficial if managed properly. Hemp fertilizer requirements vary in accordance with the type of hemp grown (seed, fiber, or CBD), soil, environmental conditions and requires a wide range of macro- and micronutrients. Integrating management practices in hemp cultivation intended to build soil health is promising since the hemp cropping system is suitable for crop rotation, cover cropping, and livestock integration through animal waste applications. Hemp also has significant environmental benefits since it has the potential to remediate contaminated soils through phytoremediation, convert high amounts of atmospheric CO2 to biomass through bio-sequestration, and hemp biomass for bioenergy production. This review identifies that most of the agronomic research in the past has been limited to hemp fiber and, to some extent, hemp seed but not CBD hemp. With the increase in the global markets for hemp products, more research needs to be conducted to provide agronomic guidelines for sustainable hemp production.

scholarly journals Acid-Modified and Unmodified Natural Clay Deposits for In Situ Immobilization and Reducing Phytoavailability of Molybdenum in a Sandy Loam Calcareous Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8203
Author(s):  
Saleh H. Alrashidi ◽  
Abdelazeem S. Sallam ◽  
Adel R. A. Usman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Modified Clay ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Mo Content

Molybdenum (Mo) in basic soils has high bioavailability and plant toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of increasing Mo concentration on its availability and toxicity threshold in alfalfa plants grown in sandy loam calcareous soils, and the potential use of raw and acid- modified clay deposits as soil additives to immobilize Mo and reduce its phytoavailability. Raw clay deposits (RCD) were treated with H2SO4 to produce acid-modified clay deposits (AMCD). The first experiment was performed using soils treated with 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 50, and 100 mg Mo kg−1. The second experiment was conducted with soils treated with 10 or 50 mg Mo kg−1 and amended with RCD and AMCD at application rates of 0, 2.5, 5, and 10% (w/w). After harvesting, water-soluble Mo, ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA)-extractable Mo, and shoot Mo content as well as dry matter were measured. The results showed that water-soluble Mo, AB-DTPA-extractable Mo, and shoot Mo concentration increased at higher Mo soil addition. AMCD had a stronger influence on Mo immobilization and reduction effect on plant shoots compared to RCD, depending on soil Mo concentration and application rate. Applying AMCD decreased soil pH but increased salinity levels. The shoot dry matter significantly increased in soils amended with RCD and/or AMCD compared to control soils; with the highest improvement recorded for RCD at 10%. It was concluded that AMCD is an efficient immobilizing agent to reduce Mo mobility and its phytoavailability in calcareous soils. Additionally, both AMCD and especially RCD were able to create favorable conditions for plant growth.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE HEMOTOXIN OF STREPTOCOCCI

1920 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Percy D. Meader ◽  
George H. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Prolonged Heating ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Unknown Composition ◽  
Unknown Component

The hemotoxin of streptococcus is a labile substance affected by centrifugation or shaking. It is adsorbed by various organic and inorganic substances. Hemotoxin is produced within a wide range of hydrogen ion concentrations. It is neither in nor on the bacterial cell but is free in the culture medium. It is probably not an enzyme. There are at least two substances which are essential to the medium for the elaboration of hemotoxin, one of which is phosphorus; the other is a substance of unknown composition. The unknown component is present in small quantities in unfiltered muscle infusion, but is more abundantly supplied by blood serum and kidney infusion. This substance is not an albumin, globulin, primary or secondary proteose, metaprotein, or peptone of the medium or enriching fluid. It is water-soluble, is destroyed by boiling in alkaline solution and by prolonged heating, and is removed to a considerable extent by passage through a diatomaceous filter.

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