scholarly journals Improvement of Working Conditions of Mining Workers by Reducing Nitrogen Oxide Emissions during Blasting Operations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 9969
Author(s):  
Marat Rudakov ◽  
Ruslan Babkin ◽  
Ekaterina Medova
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Zinc Carbonate ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

The article presents comparison of the values of maximum permissible concentrations, revealed during the analysis of the national standards of Russia and Australia in the field of regulation of nitrogen oxides. The impact of poisoning of the workers of the quarry with nitrogen oxides after blasting operations are presented. A detailed review of studies of methods for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions is given. The way of decreasing emission of nitrogen oxides using highly active catalysts as a part of the profiled tamping is offered. Laboratory studies were carried out using a model explosive and pentaerythritol tetranitrate. The results obtained showed that zinc carbonate (ZnCO3) is the most effective. The reduction in the amount of nitrogen oxide emissions was 40% of that released during experiments without the addition of catalysts.

scholarly journals EXPERIENCE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF BURNERS, CHAMBERS, AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR REDUCING EMISSIONS OF NITROGEN OXIDES BY BOILERS DURING THE COMBUSTION OF NATURAL GAS

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
I.Ya. Sigal ◽  
A.V. Smikhula ◽  
O.I. Sigal
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Immediate Reconstruction ◽  
Boiler Units ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
The 1960S

In the article discusses the features of constructive solutions accepted in the burner devices and chambers of boiler units, which were used both when converting solid fuel boilers to natural gas, and creating new designs of gas boiler units. The works to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions at the Gas Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine began in the 1960s and by 1971 significant results had been achieved was shown. The main methods and technical solutions that are used to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides during the combustion of natural gas in boilers of various capacities, including 300 MW power units, are considered. The principal design of a two-stage burner, which are operated in an amount of more than 2000 units in Ukraine and the CIS countries is presented. The installed two-stage burner devices for combustion of natural gas require immediate reconstruction with bringing their indicators to the calculated ones at the first stage. The modernization of the exist ing two-stage burners is possible to achieve the readings of the EU emissions directive 2010/75/EU was shown. The most promising technologies for further reducing the level of nitrogen oxide emissions less than 100 mg/Nm3 (3% O2, dry gases) when burning natural gas were shown. Bibl. 38, Fig.4, Tab. 1.

scholarly journals Implementation and Assessment of a Model-Based Controller of Torque and Nitrogen Oxide Emissions in an 11 L Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Cococcetta ◽  
Roberto Finesso ◽  
Gilles Hardy ◽  
Omar Marello ◽  
Ezio Spessa
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Brake Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
On The Road

A previously developed model-based controller of torque and nitrogen oxides emissions has been implemented and assessed on a heavy-duty 11 L FPT prototype Cursor 11 diesel engine. The implementation has been realized by means of a rapid prototyping device, which has allowed the standard functions of the engine control unit to be by-passed. The activity was carried out within the IMPERIUM H2020 EU Project, which is aimed at reducing the consumption of fuel and urea in heavy-duty trucks up to 20%, while maintaining the compliance with the legal emission limits. In particular, the developed controller is able to achieve desired targets of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) (or brake torque) and engine-out nitrogen oxides emissions. To this aim, the controller adjusts the fuel quantity and the start of injection of the main pulse in real-time. The controller is based on a previously developed low-throughput combustion model, which estimates the heat release rate, the in-cylinder pressure, the BMEP (or torque) and the engine-out nitrogen oxide emissions. The controller has been assessed at both steady-state and transient operations, through rapid prototyping tests at the engine test bench and on the road.

scholarly journals Research on GTE-110 gas turbine operating modes for limiting nitrogen oxide emissions of ccgt power units

Vestnik IGEU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
I.K. Muravev ◽  
A.B. Korovkin ◽  
R.A. Shitov
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Excess Air

Gas turbines are actively used as a part of combined-cycle power units having less impact on the environ-ment than installations operating on other types of fuel. However, their emissions contain harmful carbon compounds and nitrogen oxides. Some research studies considered the effect of emissions upon changes in the coefficient of excess air. At the same time, no attention was paid to the influence of other operational parameters and technological limitations associated with the safe operation of combined-cycle CCGT equipment, and no assessment was made of the impact of climatic factors on environmental indicators. Thus, it is important to conduct separate studies to assess the influence of regime and climatic factors on the stability of the combustion process in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine, on the environmental performance of the installation and the compliance of these indicators with the standards. The research used data from the control system archive, and a simulation model was developed in the SimInTech environment. The following assumptions are made in the model: the fuel composition does not change and it enters the single combustion zone without separation into the pilot and central zones of the combustion chamber. The methodology for calculating emissions is reduced to dividing their volume into NO and NO2 due to the transformation of nitrogen oxides in the air. Subsequently, the values of the total concentration are recalculated to a single NOx value. A simulation model for calculating emissions has been obtained. The effect of excess air on nitrogen oxide emissions considering the technological zones of gas turbines of outdoor air temperature (To.a) from –20 to +30 оС and the power from 48 to 110 MW has been assessed. It has been shown that near the nominal load the maximum NOx emission are observed. In general, the results obtained indicate that the requirements for NOx emission standards are met in the entire operating range of gas turbine load changes. However, the reserve of a possible deviation of emissions to a critical level is only 10 %. The verification of the developed model is based on operational trends. The recommendations on operational management have been formulated for power unit operators in order to maintain an ac-ceptable level of NOx emissions.

scholarly journals RESEARCH AND ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY OF BAKERY ENTERPRISES

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Krusir ◽  
I. Kondratenko ◽  
A. Garkoviсh ◽  
T. Shpyrko ◽  
L. Lobotskaya
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Oxide Formation ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Similar Range

The paper considers how to decrease the concentration of nitrogen oxides in gas emissions of bakery enterprises. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) formed in the course of burning natural gas  are responsible for more than 90% of an enterprise’s hazard category. So, it has been determined how much NOx is contained in exhaust gases emitted at different loadings on the floor of the oven at an enterprise,  this parameter being the main characteristic of the effectiveness  of ovens and their impact on the environment. The paper presents the results of experiments that have allowed determining the regression equations describing how the NOx quantity per unit of output in an enterprise’s exhaust gases depends on the amount of the fuel consumed and on the loading on the floor of baking ovens. The procedure of the experiments has been described, and the numerical results have been presented and analysed. It has been established that when making a loaf of wheat-flour oven-bottom bread weighing 0.9 kg,  with 70% loading on the floor of an oven (PPC1381), the nitrogen oxides concentration in combustion products is 212.00 μg/m3, and the specific NOx  formation is 292.25 μg/kg. The nitrogen oxides concentration is 152.00 μg/m3, and the specific formation is 306.00 μg/kg when the oven floor loading is 40%. If a similar range of products is baked in ovens Minel100 with the maximum-loaded and half-loaded oven floor, the production is accompanied by specific nitrogen oxide emissions of 239.50  μg/kg  and 247.80 μg/kg respectively. When enriched buns of 0.1 kg are baked in ovens BN50 with the maximum-loaded and half-loaded oven floor, the process   is   accompanied   by   specific   nitrogen   oxide   emissions of 209.20 μg/kg and 265.96 μg/kg respectively. The nitrogen oxides content in gases withdrawn from bakery ovens has been instrumentally measured. This has allowed obtaining regression equations of dependence of the specific NOx weight in gas emissions on the amount of fuel consumed and on the oven floor  loading. It  has been found that in the ovens considered, the nitrogen oxide formation per output unit decreased when the oven floor loading increased, because less fuel is needed to make up for the loss of heat accompanying the emission of fumes. The contributions of the argument parameters have been determined according to the regression model to estimate the quantitative dependence. The amount of nitrogen oxides depends on the oven floor loading. A mathematical model has been developed describing how nitrogen oxide formation depends on the oven floor loading and fuel consumption. The model can be used to introduce an industry standard of quantification of nitrogen oxides formed when manufacturing a unit of output.

Perovskite-based catalysts for the control of nitrogen oxide emissions from diesel engines

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2057-2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jabłońska ◽  
Regina Palkovits
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Wide Range

Nitrogen oxides removal over a wide range of perovskite-based catalysts together with their property-activity relationships.

scholarly journals Methods for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions in steam generators of thermal power plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
A. Plevako ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions

Main problem: Ensuring environmental safety of thermal power plants by reducing emissions of harmful substances, in particular nitrogen oxides. When all types of fossil fuel, including solid fuel, are burned, nitrogen oxides are formed in the boilers of TPPs. The sources of their formation are air nitrogen and nitrogen- containing components of the organic matter of the fuel. As you know, they adversely affect the health of humans, plants and animals. Therefore, it became necessary to consider and analyze methods to reduce these emissions. Purpose: To review and analyze various ways to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions and propose a new scheme for reducing these emissions by recirculating flue gases. Methods: This is achieved due to the fact that in the known method for purifying the flue gases of steam generators from nitrogen oxides by lowering the temperature in the furnace of the steam generator by supplying flue gases with a temperature below the temperature in the furnace of the steam generator, it is proposed that the flue gases be fed into the furnace of the steam generator after ash cleaning. At the same time, as a result of the supply of recirculated gas cooled after filtering and passing through the main smoke exhauster into the combustion chamber, having a temperature of 110-170 °C, in comparison with the initial version, a greater decrease in temperature in the furnace of the steam generator occurs, which in turn leads to a decrease in the flue gases of oxides nitrogen, since the chemical reaction of their formation goes with the absorption of heat. Results and their importance: The technical result at the proposed method of cleaning from nitrogen oxides is to reduce the consumption of electricity by eliminating the collateral wear of the recirculation gas duct, due to the cleaning of time gases from ash (a requirement of the rules of technical operation of PTE).

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

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