scholarly journals Atrazine-Induced Hepato-Renal Toxicity in Adult Male Xenopus laevis Frogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11776
Author(s):  
Lynette Sena ◽  
Jaclyn Asouzu Asouzu Johnson ◽  
Pilani Nkomozepi ◽  
Ejikeme Felix Mbajiorgu
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
Vascular Compromise ◽  
Tubular Lumen ◽  
Sinusoidal Endothelium ◽  
The Impact

Atrazine (ATZ) is an herbicide commonly detected in groundwater. Several studies have focused on its immunological and endocrine effects on adult Xenopus laevis species. However, we investigated the impact of atrazine on the renal and hepatic biochemistry and histomorphology in adult male frogs. Forty adult male frogs were allocated to four treatment groups (control, one ATZ (0.01 µg/L), two ATZ (200 µg/L) and three ATZ (500 µg/L), 10 animals per group, for 90 days. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the 200 and 500 μg/L groups but malondialdehyde only in the 500 μg/L group (p < 0.05). Histopathological observations of derangement, hypertrophy, vascular congestion and dilation, infiltration of inflammatory cells incursion, apoptosis and hepatocytes cell death were observed with atrazine exposure, mostly in the 500 μg/L group. Additionally, histochemical labelling of caspase-3 in the sinusoidal endothelium was observed in all the treated groups, indicating vascular compromise. Evaluation of renal histopathology revealed degradation and atrophy of the glomerulus, vacuolization, thick loop of Henle tubule epithelial cells devolution and dilation of the tubular lumen. Furthermore, expression of caspase-3 indicates glomerular and tubular apoptosis in atrazine-exposed animals. These findings infer that environmentally relevant atrazine doses (low or high) could induce hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in adult male Xenopus laevis frogs and potentially related aquatic organisms.

scholarly journals The impact of Keap1/Nrf2, P38MAPK/NF-κB and Bax/Bcl2/caspase-3 signaling pathways in the protective effects of berberine against methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad H.M. Hassanein ◽  
Abdel-Gawad S. Shalkami ◽  
Marwa M. Khalaf ◽  
Wafaa R. Mohamed ◽  
Ramadan A.M. Hemeida
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
The Impact

Attenuation of bleomycin-induced pneumopathy in mice by a caspase inhibitor

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (2) ◽  
pp. L316-L325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi Kuwano ◽  
Ritsuko Kunitake ◽  
Takashige Maeyama ◽  
Naoki Hagimoto ◽  
Masayuki Kawasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Fas Ligand ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Caspase Inhibitor ◽  
Hydroxyproline Content ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Lung Epithelial

Caspases have been implicated in the effector process of apoptosis in several systems including the Fas-Fas ligand pathway. We previously demonstrated that excessive apoptosis of lung epithelial cells and the Fas-Fas ligand pathway were essential in the pathogenesis of bleomycin-induced pneumopathy in mice. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether a caspase inhibitor could prevent the development of this model. The expression of caspase-1 and caspase-3 was upregulated on lung epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, and infiltrating inflammatory cells in this model. We demonstrated that a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone, decreased the caspase-1- and caspase-3-like activity, the number of apoptotic cells, the pathological grade of lung inflammation and fibrosis, and the hydroxyproline content in lung tissues in this model. We conclude that caspase inhibitors could be a new therapeutic approach against lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis.

scholarly journals Biomarkers responses in fish (Atherinella brasiliensis) of paranaguá bay, southern Brazil, for assessment of pollutant effects

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro ◽  
Alberto Katsumiti ◽  
Patrícia França ◽  
Jocieli Maschio ◽  
Eliandra Zandoná ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Paranaguá Bay ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
The Impact

Paranaguá bay is a complex estuary located in southern Brazil containing three protected areas listed by UNESCO. Historically, the estuary has been affected by urban, industrial, agricultural and harbor activities, and occasional accidents. Specifically, the explosion of the Chilean ship Vicuña in December 2004 spilled methanol and crude and fuel oils which affected both protected and non-protected areas. The present study sought to investigate the pollution threat to aquatic organisms in order to evaluate the potential effects of pollutants. One hundred and twenty adult fish Atherinella brasiliensis were collected from different sites within Paranaguá estuary, including the harbor and open ocean, during summer, autumn and winter of 2005. Among the biomarkers, the somatic index, chemical analysis of bile, biochemical, genetic and morphological parameters were considered. Chemical analysis of bile showed a continuous bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) according to proximity to the harbor site. The histopathological findings have demonstrated aconsiderable incidence of severe pathologies in the liver and gills, corroborated by biochemical disturbances and genetic damage. These findings indicate that more studies are necessary to evaluate both water quality and fish health so as to permit a better analysis of the impact of pollution in Paranaguá estuary.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of HBSP on Ischemia Reperfusion and Cyclosporine A Induced Renal Injury

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Wu ◽  
Junlin Zhang ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Cheng Yang ◽  
Yufang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclosporine A ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tubulointerstitial Damage ◽  
Apoptosis And Inflammation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Active Caspase

Ischemia reperfusion (IR) and cyclosporine A (CsA) injuries are unavoidable in kidney transplantation and are associated with allograft dysfunction. Herein, the effect and mechanism of a novel tissue protective peptide, helix B surface peptide (HBSP) derived from erythropoietin, were investigated in a rat model. The right kidney was subjected to 45 min ischemia, followed by left nephrectomy and 2-week reperfusion, with or without daily treatment of CsA 25 mg/kg and/or HBSP 8 nmol/kg. Blood urea nitrogen was increased by CsA but decreased by HBSP at 1 week and 2 weeks, while the same changes were revealed in urinary protein/creatinine only at 2 weeks. HBSP also significantly ameliorated tubulointerstitial damage and interstitial fibrosis, which were gradually increased by IR and CsA. In addition, apoptotic cells, infiltrated inflammatory cells, and active caspase-3+ cells were greatly reduced by HBSP in the both IR and IR + CsA groups. The 17 kD active caspase-3 protein was decreased by HBSP in the IR and IR + CsA kidneys, with decreased mRNA only in the IR + CsA kidneys. Taken together, it has been demonstrated, for the first time, that HBSP effectively improved renal function and tissue damage caused by IR and/or CsA, which might be through reducing caspase-3 activation and synthesis, apoptosis, and inflammation.

scholarly journals Quercetin Alleviates the Immunotoxic Impact Mediated by Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Doxorubicin Expo-Sure in Rats

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1906
Author(s):  
Mayada R. Farag ◽  
Attia A. A. Moselhy ◽  
Amany El-Mleeh ◽  
Samira H. Aljuaydi ◽  
Tamer Ahmed Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Apoptotic Markers ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Chemotherapy Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cat Gene

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic agent against hematogenous and solid tumors with undesirable side effects including immunosuppression. Quercetin (QUR), a natural flavonoid abundant in fruits and vegetables, has a potent antioxidant activity. The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of QUR on DOX-induced hematological and immunological dysfunctions in a rodent model. Randomly grouped rats were treated as follows: control, QUR alone (50 mg/kg for 15 days per os), DOX alone (2.5 mg/kg I/P, three times a week, for two weeks), and co-treated rats with QUR for 15 days prior to and concomitantly with DOX (for two weeks), at the doses intended for groups two and three. DOX alone significantly disrupted the erythrogram and leukogram variables. Serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, and IgE) levels and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and in spleen were declined. The DNA damage traits in spleen were elevated with an upregulation of the expression of the apoptotic markers (p53 and Caspase-3 genes) and the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α genes), while the expression of CAT gene was downregulated. These biochemical changes were accompanied by morphological changes in the spleen of DOX-treated rats. Co-treatment with QUR abated most of the DOX-mediated alterations in hematological variables, serum immunoglobulins, and spleen antioxidant status, pro-inflammatory and apoptotic responses, and histopathological alterations. In essence, these data suggest that QUR alleviated DOX-induced toxicities on the bone marrow, spleen, and antibody-producing cells. Supplementation of chemotherapy patients with QUR could circumvent the DOX-induced inflammation and immunotoxicity, and thus prevent chemotherapy failure.

scholarly journals Ovarian surface epithelium of hypothyroid newborn and neonatal rats: From proliferating cell nuclear antigen and caspase-3 perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Anita Radovanovic ◽  
Milica Kovacevic-Filipovic ◽  
Ivan Milosevic ◽  
Tijana Luzajic ◽  
Stefan Velickovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Ovarian Surface Epithelium ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Ovarian Surface ◽  
Cell Height ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Proliferating Cell

Introduction. The ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) undergoes intensive regeneration and remodeling after each ovulation during the whole reproductive period. This process increases the risk of one of the most common ovarian tumors in women and the female dog. Considering the fact that maternal hypothyroidism highly impacts cell proliferation and cell death during folliculogenesis in the early neonatal period, we aimed to analyze its effect on OSE morphology and dynamics. Materials and Methods. The study was performed on newborn (24-h-old) and neonatal (4-day-old) female rats, a randomized trial between the control and hypothyroid groups, born under controlled circumstances and hypothyroid mothers, respectively. Their ovaries were analyzed histologically and processed to determine the OSE cell height as an average value of four measurement points. Also, the immunopositivity of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and caspase-3 were assessed semiquantitatively. Results and Conclusions. No major structural differences of OSE were found between groups within the given ages except for a slight increment of OSE cell height and incompleteness of apical cell membrane with cytoplasmic projections in hypothyroid animals. PCNA immunopositivity of the OSE cells was higher in ovaries of hypothyroid animals of both ages in comparison to the controls. Moreover, only scarce OSE cells were caspase-3 positive in both groups and ages, with no difference in immunopositivity. Our study confirms the impact of hypothyroidism in the early postnatal period on morphology and proliferation rate of OSE cells, with no effect on caspase-3 dependent cell removal, which may serve as a premise for future investigation of potential carcinogenesis, in terms of prevention and treatment of ovarian cancer.

population dynamics, rational fishing, intensity and selectivity of fishing, emissions, regulation of the level of fishing impact, stock-market-fishing system

Fisheries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Artur Maiss ◽  
Natalya Maiss
Keyword(s):  
Size Structure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fishing Impact ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Far Eastern Seas

The article proposed to discuss a concept of new strategy for the sustainable use of populations of aquatic organisms using as an example a fishery for Walleye Pollock in the Far Eastern seas of the Russian Federation. It is shown that the current regulations governing the impact of fishing contained in the Fishing Regulations do not quite consider changes related to the dynamics of pollock populations parameters. As a result, there is an uncontrolled and often negative impact of fishing, which leads to changes in the phenotypic and size-age structure of W. Pollock populations being fished, which ultimately affects the profitability of fishing. It is proposed to develop a separate strategy for each W. Pollock stock unit, which annually regulates the level of fishing impact, depending on the state of the stocks and market conditions. The proposed strategy concept makes it possible to regulate not only the allowable volume of catch, but also the size structure of catches, by changing the fishing parameters every year. It will keep the harvested stocks stable and will help to obtain the maximum possible fishing profitability.

Clinical and anatomopathological study of urolithiasis in feedlot lambs subjected to diets with different phosphorus concentrations

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Paola Santarosa ◽  
Danilo Otávio Laurenti Ferreira ◽  
Soraya Regina Sacco Surian ◽  
Tália Missen Tremori ◽  
Henrique Barbosa Hooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Urethral Catheterization ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
Tubular Lumen ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Obstructive urolithiasis is common in farmed sheep and has a multifactorial etiology, but inadequate nutritional management is considered the most relevant condition for its occurrence. The objectives of this study were to verify the influence of two diets with different concentrations of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) on the development of obstructive urolithiasis, and to describe the clinical and anatomopathological findings of the urinary system in sheep. Thirty male crossbred Santa Inês and Ile de France lambs were randomly distributed into two groups: Group 1 (G1, n = 15) - Ca: 1.9:1 P and 0.42% P; Group 2 (G2, n = 15) - Ca: P 1.5:1 and 0.65% P. The diets consisting of Coast-cross hay, soybean meal, wheat, and corn were provided for 90 consecutive days with water ad libitum. After the diagnosis of the disease, the lambs were subjected to clinical and surgical treatment, when necessary. Urolithiasis was detected in 36.7% (11/30) of lambs, 26.7% were asymptomatic and 10% (3/30) had urethral obstruction. A lamb was unobstructed after amputation of the urethral process and urethral catheterization, one died of bladder and uroperitoneum rupture, and another was sacrificed after the failure of perineal urethrostomy and cystostomy. The most frequent renal histopathological changes were vascular congestion, dilation, and tubular degeneration. Proteins in the tubular lumen were more pronounced in G2. The diets were rich in concentrate and had adequate Ca:P ratios, but caused calculogenesis, showing that excess minerals and a small amount of roughage can cause disease in the herd.

scholarly journals CASCADE: a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial to evaluate the effect of tezepelumab on airway inflammation in patients with uncontrolled asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Emson ◽  
Sarah Diver ◽  
Latifa Chachi ◽  
Ayman Megally ◽  
Cherrie Small ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Uncontrolled Asthma ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Abstract Background Patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma, particularly those with a non-eosinophilic phenotype, have a great unmet need for new treatments that act on a broad range of inflammatory pathways in the airway. Tezepelumab is a human monoclonal antibody that blocks the activity of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, an epithelial cytokine. In the PATHWAY phase 2b study (NCT02054130), tezepelumab reduced exacerbations by up to 71% in adults with severe, uncontrolled asthma, irrespective of baseline eosinophilic inflammatory status. This article reports the design and objectives of the phase 2 CASCADE study. Methods CASCADE is an ongoing exploratory, phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study aiming to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of tezepelumab 210 mg administered subcutaneously every 4 weeks for 28 weeks in adults aged 18–75 years with uncontrolled, moderate-to-severe asthma. The primary endpoint is the change from baseline to week 28 in airway submucosal inflammatory cells (eosinophils, neutrophils, T cells and mast cells) from bronchoscopic biopsies. Epithelial molecular phenotyping, comprising the three-gene-mean technique, will be used to assess participants’ type 2 (T2) status to enable evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of tezepelumab across the continuum of T2 activation. Other exploratory analyses include assessments of the impact of tezepelumab on airway remodelling, including reticular basement membrane thickening and airway epithelial integrity. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the protocol was amended to address the possibility that site visits would be limited. The amendment allowed for: at-home dosing of study drug by a healthcare professional, extension of the treatment period by up to 6 months so patients are able to attend an onsite visit to undergo the end-of-treatment bronchoscopy, and replacement of final follow-up visits with a virtual or telephone visit. Discussion CASCADE aims to determine the mechanisms by which tezepelumab improves clinical asthma outcomes by evaluating the effect of tezepelumab on airway inflammatory cells and remodelling in patients with moderate-to-severe, uncontrolled asthma. An important aspect of this study is the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of tezepelumab across patients with differing levels of eosinophilic and T2 inflammation. Trial registration NCT03688074 (ClinicalTrials.gov). Registered 28 September 2018.

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