scholarly journals Railway Track Stress–Strain Analysis Using High-Precision Accelerometers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11908
Author(s):  
Alexandr Avsievich ◽  
Vladimir Avsievich ◽  
Nikita Avsievich ◽  
Dmitry Ovchinnikov ◽  
Anton Ivaschenko
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Track Line

We propose a new approach for railway path diagnostics on the basis of track line stress–strain analysis using the data provided by high-precision accelerometers. This type of sensor provides sufficient accuracy with lower costs, and enables the development of a railway digital twin, according to the concept of the Internet of Things. The installation of sensors on a railway track along its entire length allows real-time monitoring of the states of the technical parameters of the railway track, and using mathematical methods to evaluate its wear on the basis of constantly received data. This paper presents an original 3D model of a railway track line and the results of its analysis using a finite element method. To test the model, we performed an analysis of the normal stresses and deformations in the elements of a railway track by simulating the impact of rolling stock on a section of a railway track with intermediate rail fastenings, ZhBR-65SH. The research results were probated and tested at the testing ground of the Kuibyshev branch of Russian Railways, the Samara track. The proposed approach makes it possible to determine the load of the track, and knowing the movement of the rail, to calculate the structural stress in the elements of the railway track, to constantly monitor the parameters of the slope and rail subsidence.

Impact on the track from EMU commuter train

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
A. M. Brzhezovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Outer Edge ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Test Loop ◽  
Impact Indicators ◽  
The Impact

The largest part of operating fleet of EMU trains, operated on the railways of the JSC “Russian Railways”, belongs to the category “ЭП” - electric commuter trains for transporting passengers in suburban areas with a length of the turnover section not exceeding 200 km with a speed of up to 120 km/h. The category of “ЭП” electric trains is fully formed by the domestic rolling stock produced since 1993. After putting Safety Norms NB ZhT 03-98 into force in 1998 and subsequently entering Technical Regulations of the Customs Union - TR TS 001/2011 virtually all new or upgraded series of EMU trains of the category «ЭП» within the acceptance and certification tests were experimentally investigated by the Test Loop of the JSC “VNIIZhT” (ITs ZhT) for compliance with safety requirements from the conditions for ensuring normative level of indicators of interaction between rolling stock and the track. Main technical parameters were shown as well as design features of carriage part of EMU trains of the category “ЭП”. The following features were considered: comparative quantitative values and dependencies on the travel speed and the level of unbalanced accelerations of the experimental indicators of influence on the track of EMU train cars of the category “ЭП”, determined from the results of statistical processing of realizations of dynamic stresses in the throttle of rail sole and lateral forces; vertical and lateral (horizontal) forces transmitted from the wheels to the rail head; stability coefficients of assembled rails and sleepers from the transverse shift along the ballast, as well as the coefficients f of the transition from the axial stresses in the base of the rail to the stresses in the outer edge of the rail sole. The quantitative values of the impact indicators on the track of EMU train cars of the category “ЭП” with a design speed of 120 km/h, obtained from the results of complex certification and acceptance tests, are in the range of values regulated by the current regulatory documents. It is recommended to use the values of the impact indicators on the track to evaluate the design of the carriage part of EMU train cars at the design stage.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF HIGH-SPEED TRAFFIC IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Yermek Bitigov ◽  
Dinar Bekzhanov ◽  
Saule Bekzhanova
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Design Construction

The start of work on the high-speed highway has become a real technological challenge. Since we are talking about a new high-tech railway facility, there is a need for fundamentally new engineering and technical solutions, innovative approaches to conducting surveys, designing, building and operating new rolling stock and infrastructure.High accuracy in the design, construction and maintenance of the railway track is of key importance in the creation of a high-speed highway. A thorough analysis of the experience of the world's leading organizations in China, Japan and European countries, specializing in the creation and operation of high-speed highways, shows that the most effective system-technical solution is the transition to the use of high-precision coordinate methods of design, construction and maintenance management of infrastructure and rolling stock.It is precisely the high-precision coordinate methods that open the way to the transition to the operation of the infrastructure in the design position. And this, according to the world's leading experts, is an opportunity to reduce the cost of the current maintenance of such an expensive infrastructure by 20-30%.The technical solution that ensures the use of coordinate methods in the" end-to-end " technological life cycle of infrastructure objects is the creation of a high-precision coordinate system along the directions of the high-speed highway.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Cost Evaluation of Noise Control Methods at Urban Railway Turnouts

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Tavares De Freitas ◽  
Sakdirat Kaewunruen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Cost Evaluation ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Noise And Vibration ◽  
Impact Noise ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mitigation Methods ◽  
The Impact

The railway industry focus in the past years was to research, find and develop methods to mitigate noise and vibration resulted from wheel/rail contact along track infrastructure. This resulted in a wide range of abatement measures that are available for the professionals of the industry today. However, although there are many options in the market, their practical implementations depend upon general constraints that affect most technological application in the engineering world. The progression of these technologies have facilitated the selection of more adequate methods for each best case scenario, but further studies are ought to be made to proper assess if each one is fit for their purpose. Every method implementation must be analyzed through budget and timeframe limitations, which includes building, maintenance and inspection costs and time allocation, while also aiming to meet different benefits, such as environmental impact control and wear of the whole infrastructure. There are several situations and facilities in a railway project design that need noise and vibration mitigation methods and each design allocates different priorities for each one of them. Traditionally the disturbance caused by railways to the community are generated by wheel/rail contact sound radiation that expresses in different ways, depending on the movement of the rolling stock and track alignment, such as rolling noise, impact noise and curve noise. More specifically, in special trackworks such as turnouts, the main area of this study, there are two noises types that must be evaluated: impact noise and screeching noise. With respect to the second, it is similar to curve squeals and, being such, its mitigation methods are to be assigned as if it was to abate curve squeal in turnouts and crossings. The impact noise on the other hand, emerges from the sound made by the rolling stock moving through joints and discontinuities (i.e. gaps) that composes these special components of a railway track. A life cycle analysis is therefore substantial for this reality and in this case will be applied to Squeal and Impact Noise on Special Trackwork. The evaluation is based on a valid literature review and the total costs were assumed by industry reports to maintain coherency. The period for a life cycle analysis is usually of 50 years, hence it was the value assumed. As for the general parameters, an area with high density of people was considered to estimate the values for a community with very strict limits for noise and vibration.

scholarly journals Permissible Values of the Dynamic Impact of the Rolling Stock on the Railway Track in the Case of Axle Load Increase

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
О. M Patlasov ◽  
Y. M Fedorenko
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Dynamic Impact ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. The study is aimed at determining experimentally the values of the parameters characterizing the dynamic effect of rolling stock on the railway track, substantiating the maximum permissible (limiting) values. Methodology. To investigate the interaction between the track and the rolling stock, the devices to record various physical processes were installed on the experimental sections. The devices were installed in 8 sections along the outer railway line. To establish the actual state of the track, field measurements were carried out in accordance with the Program and research methodology. Findings. According to the results of experimental tests of the impact on the track, it was revealed that the average vertical loads, and, accordingly, the average vertical deformations, under the cars with an axle load of up to 25 tf/axle are higher than that under the cars with an axle load of up to 23.5 tf/axle by 8 percent. The maximum vertical loads under the cars with an axle load of 25 tf/axle exceeded the average loads by 10.0 tf, and under the cars with an axle load of up to 23.5 tf/axle exceeded the average values by 12.8 tf. During the tests, no cars were found in which the vertical dynamic force exceeds 20 tf, and the horizontal force exceeds 10 tf. Therefore, the norms of permissible dynamic impact can be taken in accordance with the Regulations on Preventive Maintenance and Repair Track Work on the Railways of Ukraine. Originality. The authors conducted a study to assess the dynamic characteristics of the interaction of track and rolling stock, in particular the stresses in the edges of the rail base, vertical and horizontal forces from the wheels of rolling stock. Practical value. On the basis of the results obtained, it is possible to estimate the permissible values of the dynamic effect of the rolling stock on the railway track to substantiate the need to change the standards for the material consumption of the track superstructure and labor. In turn, this will make it possible to plan the repair and track periods more economically and according to the actual indicators of the state of the track superstructure.

scholarly journals Elastic characteristics of the underrail base of a ballastless railway track

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-479
Author(s):  
Alexey F. KOLOS ◽  
◽  
Ksenia I. IVANOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Relative Stiffness ◽  
Ballastless Track ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Track Modulus ◽  
Elastic Characteristics

Objective: Experimental determination track modulus and the coeffi cient of relative stiffness of underrail base and the rail, which are the main elastic characteristics that determine the stresses in the structural elements of track superstructure under the impact force from the train. The values of these parameters for a track with a ballast layer are well studied, in contrast to a ballastless track. Comparison of the elastic characteristics of a ballastless railway track with analogs of a track on ballast, as well as an assessment of their effect on the stress-strain state of the superstructure elements of a ballastless track. Methods: When carrying out full-scale tests, strain-gauge methods for measuring stresses in the elements of the track superstructure were used. The obtained values were processed by the methods of mathematical statistics. One statistical series included the values of stresses corresponding to one type of rolling stock, fi xed axle load and train speed, changing by no more than 10 km/h. The probability level in processing the results was taken in all cases equal to 0,994. Results: The values of track modulus and the coeffi cient of the relative stiffness of the underrail base and the rail were obtained for a ballastless structure of the RHEDA 2000 type. Practical importance: The results allow us to consider the rail as a beam lying on a solid elastic foundation in relation to the ballastless track and use the existing calculation methods for the design of ballastless track structures depending on the operating conditions.

scholarly journals Numerical and Experimental Stress-Strain Analysis of a Rubber Carousel

TEM Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1662-1667
Author(s):  
Peter Koščák ◽  
Ľubomír Ambriško ◽  
Karol Semrád ◽  
Marasová, Jr. Daniela ◽  
Vladimír Mitrík
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Optimal Material ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
The Impact

The effect of the impact load exerted by the baggage impacting light baggage carousels may be manifested as mechanical damage to the carousel as a result of the stress-strain processes. In order to describe the phenomena related to the baggage impact, it is important to monitor the tensile strength of rubber carousels of light conveyor belts intended for the conveyance of baggage at airports. The output of the article is monitoring the mechanical load of the carousel, the comparison of the results thereof with the outputs of the CAE analysis, as well as the determination of the optimal material model and the approximation thereof to the experimental model.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Railway Trackbed Pressure Distribution Under Dynamic Loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-520
Author(s):  
Mykola Sysyn ◽  
Vitalii Kovalchuk ◽  
Olga Nabochenko ◽  
Yuri Kovalchuk ◽  
Oleg Voznyak
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Video Observation ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Load Cells ◽  
The Impact

Reliable and durable operation of the railway track under the dynamic load of the rolling stock depends considerably on the ability of the ballast layer to get the load from the sleepers and distribute it to the subgrade. In this paper, the experimental study of the distribution properties of the ballast layer under the impact of dynamic loading depending on the density of the ballast layer is carried out. The ballast behaviour during load cycles is estimated by pressure measurements at the ballast prism base along the axis of a sleeper with simultaneous video observation of the ballast particles movement through transparent sidewalls of the box with crushed stone. Measurements of pressure distribution are carried out with the developed microcontroller system of measurements and developed load cells. The system allows performing multi-point measurements of stress in combination with measurements of acceleration and photogrammetry. The results of measurements showed a significant effect of the ballast layer consolidation on the distribution of stresses under the sleeper. The performed research opens up opportunities for practical improvement of the existing types of track structures and the technology of the ballast layer tamping in terms to provide the optimal conditions for the ballast layer operation.

Develop a New Approach Measuring the Wheel/Rail Interaction Loads

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Boronenko ◽  
Rustam Rahimov ◽  
Waail Mahmod Lafta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Lateral Impact ◽  
Railway Engineering ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Determine and control the impact of rolling stock on the railway track, one of the significant subjects of railway engineering, especially with heavy traffic and innovative freight cars with increased axle loads. Different methods utilized to measure the lateral impact of rolling stock on a railway based on the use of strain gauges installed on the rail differ in the location of strain gauges and the specifics of processing the received signals. The shortage of these methods that the lateral force arising from the wheel/rail interaction determined when the wheel position over the strain gauges sections. Therefore, continuous registration of details in the wheel/rail contact is impossible. Multiple passes of the test rolling stock along the measuring section are required to receive the right results. In this article, a new method developed to continue recording the lateral forces of the wheel/rail interaction by measuring stresses in two sections of the rail on a significant part of the sleeper space. The railway track experiments approved this method’s ability to restore the lateral force of not more than 4% standard deviation along the measuring zone’s length and increased the volume of reliable statistical data obtained, improved the measurement accuracy, and reduced the time and cost.

Delamination in the scoring and folding of paperboard

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOEUNG D. CHOI ◽  
SERGIY A. LAVRYKOV ◽  
BANDARU V. RAMARAO
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Plane Deformation ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Uniaxial Stress ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Fields

Delamination between layers occurs during the creasing and subsequent folding of paperboard. Delamination is necessary to provide some stiffness properties, but excessive or uncontrolled delamination can weaken the fold, and therefore needs to be controlled. An understanding of the mechanics of delamination is predicated upon the availability of reliable and properly calibrated simulation tools to predict experimental observations. This paper describes a finite element simulation of paper mechanics applied to the scoring and folding of multi-ply carton board. Our goal was to provide an understanding of the mechanics of these operations and the proper models of elastic and plastic behavior of the material that enable us to simulate the deformation and delamination behavior. Our material model accounted for plasticity and sheet anisotropy in the in-plane and z-direction (ZD) dimensions. We used different ZD stress-strain curves during loading and unloading. Material parameters for in-plane deformation were obtained by fitting uniaxial stress-strain data to Ramberg-Osgood plasticity models and the ZD deformation was modeled using a modified power law. Two-dimensional strain fields resulting from loading board typical of a scoring operation were calculated. The strain field was symmetric in the initial stages, but increasing deformation led to asymmetry and heterogeneity. These regions were precursors to delamination and failure. Delamination of the layers occurred in regions of significant shear strain and resulted primarily from the development of large plastic strains. The model predictions were confirmed by experimental observation of the local strain fields using visual microscopy and linear image strain analysis. The finite element model predicted sheet delamination matching the patterns and effects that were observed in experiments.

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