Impact on the track from EMU commuter train

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
A. M. Brzhezovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Outer Edge ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Test Loop ◽  
Impact Indicators ◽  
The Impact

The largest part of operating fleet of EMU trains, operated on the railways of the JSC “Russian Railways”, belongs to the category “ЭП” - electric commuter trains for transporting passengers in suburban areas with a length of the turnover section not exceeding 200 km with a speed of up to 120 km/h. The category of “ЭП” electric trains is fully formed by the domestic rolling stock produced since 1993. After putting Safety Norms NB ZhT 03-98 into force in 1998 and subsequently entering Technical Regulations of the Customs Union - TR TS 001/2011 virtually all new or upgraded series of EMU trains of the category «ЭП» within the acceptance and certification tests were experimentally investigated by the Test Loop of the JSC “VNIIZhT” (ITs ZhT) for compliance with safety requirements from the conditions for ensuring normative level of indicators of interaction between rolling stock and the track. Main technical parameters were shown as well as design features of carriage part of EMU trains of the category “ЭП”. The following features were considered: comparative quantitative values and dependencies on the travel speed and the level of unbalanced accelerations of the experimental indicators of influence on the track of EMU train cars of the category “ЭП”, determined from the results of statistical processing of realizations of dynamic stresses in the throttle of rail sole and lateral forces; vertical and lateral (horizontal) forces transmitted from the wheels to the rail head; stability coefficients of assembled rails and sleepers from the transverse shift along the ballast, as well as the coefficients f of the transition from the axial stresses in the base of the rail to the stresses in the outer edge of the rail sole. The quantitative values of the impact indicators on the track of EMU train cars of the category “ЭП” with a design speed of 120 km/h, obtained from the results of complex certification and acceptance tests, are in the range of values regulated by the current regulatory documents. It is recommended to use the values of the impact indicators on the track to evaluate the design of the carriage part of EMU train cars at the design stage.

scholarly journals The Impact of Rolling Stock Heterogeneity on Tram Stop Dwell Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Igor Majstorović ◽  
Maja Ahac ◽  
Saša Ahac ◽  
Silvio Bašić
Keyword(s):  
Dwell Time ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Closing Time ◽  
Door Opening ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The prediction of stop dwell time is a major issue in travel speed modeling, i.e., in the definition of travel time for high-frequency and high-ridership rail public transport. This is due to the numerous influential factors associated with stop dwell time, variable both in space and time, such as passenger flow, vehicle and stop design characteristics, and traffic organization. To investigate the impact of the heterogeneity of tram vehicles on stop dwell time, a survey was conducted regarding the tram network of the City of Zagreb. The dwell time at three consecutive island stops served by three different tram vehicle types was analyzed. The stops are located near the city center, in a separate tram corridor, at the far side of signalized intersections. Dwell time was determined and evaluated through the statistical analysis of observed, measured, and video-recorded data. The results show that at stops with up to 200 passengers per hour, the dwell time is around 15 s. For volumes of 20 passengers or less per tram, the dwell time is mostly affected by the tram door opening mechanism and opening/closing time. As the passenger volumes become higher, the number of doors per vehicle becomes more significant.

scholarly journals Railway Track Stress–Strain Analysis Using High-Precision Accelerometers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11908
Author(s):  
Alexandr Avsievich ◽  
Vladimir Avsievich ◽  
Nikita Avsievich ◽  
Dmitry Ovchinnikov ◽  
Anton Ivaschenko
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Track Line

We propose a new approach for railway path diagnostics on the basis of track line stress–strain analysis using the data provided by high-precision accelerometers. This type of sensor provides sufficient accuracy with lower costs, and enables the development of a railway digital twin, according to the concept of the Internet of Things. The installation of sensors on a railway track along its entire length allows real-time monitoring of the states of the technical parameters of the railway track, and using mathematical methods to evaluate its wear on the basis of constantly received data. This paper presents an original 3D model of a railway track line and the results of its analysis using a finite element method. To test the model, we performed an analysis of the normal stresses and deformations in the elements of a railway track by simulating the impact of rolling stock on a section of a railway track with intermediate rail fastenings, ZhBR-65SH. The research results were probated and tested at the testing ground of the Kuibyshev branch of Russian Railways, the Samara track. The proposed approach makes it possible to determine the load of the track, and knowing the movement of the rail, to calculate the structural stress in the elements of the railway track, to constantly monitor the parameters of the slope and rail subsidence.

The impact of strong electromagnetic pulses generated in a targeted manner on the process of operation of electronic devices and systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Jacek Paś
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Electromagnetic Pulses ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Transport Telematics ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the basic issues related to the influence of electromagnetic interference on electronic devices used in transport telematics systems. Classification methods for electronic devices and systems in the aspect of interference of strong high frequency (HF) electromagnetic pulses depend on technical parameters of the interfering signals. Generated, strong electromagnetic pulses in this frequency range may be generated purposefully - as intended signals, e.g. to disable electronic devices and systems used in vast transportation areas. Currently, designers and users of electronic devices and systems do not include the possibility of accumulated interference of strong electromagnetic pulses during operation. Current standard and acts do not provide any requirements determining e.g. resistance and susceptibility to high frequency electromagnetic waves. The author recommends including the selected technical solutions and safety indices in operation. Results and calculations presented in the paper prove that it is possible to defend against the threat upon occurrence of strong electromagnetic pulses, already during the design stage of devices and systems.

scholarly journals The vehicle impact on the corrugated steel shell in soil-steel structures

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (9) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Czesław Machelski
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Steel Shell ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Rail Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Impact ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of soil-steel structures tests under road and rail vehicles loads, which change their position alongthe track. Quasi static loads are considered in both stepping and continuous measurement method (with minimum travel speed). The impact of dynamic loads from vehicles as a function of vehicle speed was analyzed. Heavy, low-speed driving rides and as a separate group the passage of passenger trains in high speed journeys were con-si-dered. In this cases numerical simulations are performed using com-plex models of soil-steel structures. The specificity (difference) of dynamic effects from dynamic loads of rolling stock on soil-steel structures in relation to classic steel bridges is specified in the paper. The present-ed results from tests shows the favorable interaction of the railway tracks and substructures with the corrugated steel shell in the backfi lling as in the railway embankments.

scholarly journals Impact of alternative regional trade arrangements on the Ethiopian economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtamu Shiferaw Amogne ◽  
Taiji Hagiwara
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Endowment Effect ◽  
Welfare Loss ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
Saving Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade And Investment

AbstractThe Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) is a Free Trade Area (FTA) regional trade agreement in Africa. Currently, Ethiopia is negotiating to join COMESA FTA. This study assesses the impact of three regional trade arrangements, COMESA FTA, customs unions, and the European Partnership Agreement (EPA) on the economy of Ethiopia. The analysis is based on a static Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model, version 9 database. Unlike previous studies, the customs union scenarios are designed at the detailed Harmonized System (HS) level. COMESA FTA (scenario 1) with standard GTAP model results in a welfare loss for Ethiopia due to negative terms of trade and investment-saving effect, but with unemployment closure (scenario 2); Ethiopia enjoys a welfare gain mainly due to endowment effect. In scenario 3 (COMESA customs union) and scenario 4 (European Partnership Agreement), Ethiopia loses due to negative terms of trade and investment-saving effect. There is a large increase in demand for unskilled labor force in Ethiopia by around US$23 million, US$112 million, and US$43 million for scenario 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Moreover, there is a positive output effect for oilseeds, leather, and basic metals across all scenarios. The world, as a whole, enjoys welfare gains with COMESA FTA (scenario 1 and 2). However, with scenario 3 and 4, there is an overall welfare loss. There is no strong reason for Ethiopia to move to the customs union, and the EPA in the short run. Therefore, a transition period is necessary, but it is recommended for Ethiopia to join COMESA FTA.

scholarly journals A Rational Numerical Method for Simulation of Drop-Impact Dynamics of Oleo-Pneumatic Landing Gear

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4136
Author(s):  
Rosario Pecora
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Method ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Landing Gear ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Impact Dynamics ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Adopted Model ◽  
The Impact

Oleo-pneumatic landing gear is a complex mechanical system conceived to efficiently absorb and dissipate an aircraft’s kinetic energy at touchdown, thus reducing the impact load and acceleration transmitted to the airframe. Due to its significant influence on ground loads, this system is generally designed in parallel with the main structural components of the aircraft, such as the fuselage and wings. Robust numerical models for simulating landing gear impact dynamics are essential from the preliminary design stage in order to properly assess aircraft configuration and structural arrangements. Finite element (FE) analysis is a viable solution for supporting the design. However, regarding the oleo-pneumatic struts, FE-based simulation may become unpractical, since detailed models are required to obtain reliable results. Moreover, FE models could not be very versatile for accommodating the many design updates that usually occur at the beginning of the landing gear project or during the layout optimization process. In this work, a numerical method for simulating oleo-pneumatic landing gear drop dynamics is presented. To effectively support both the preliminary and advanced design of landing gear units, the proposed simulation approach rationally balances the level of sophistication of the adopted model with the need for accurate results. Although based on a formulation assuming only four state variables for the description of landing gear dynamics, the approach successfully accounts for all the relevant forces that arise during the drop and their influence on landing gear motion. A set of intercommunicating routines was implemented in MATLAB® environment to integrate the dynamic impact equations, starting from user-defined initial conditions and general parameters related to the geometric and structural configuration of the landing gear. The tool was then used to simulate a drop test of a reference landing gear, and the obtained results were successfully validated against available experimental data.

scholarly journals Review on Urban Heat Island in China: Methods, Its Impact on Buildings Energy Demand and Mitigation Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 762
Author(s):  
Liu Tian ◽  
Yongcai Li ◽  
Jun Lu ◽  
Jue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Building Energy Consumption ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Impact

High population density, dense high-rise buildings, and impervious pavements increase the vulnerability of cities, which aggravate the urban climate environment characterized by the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Cities in China provide unique information on the UHI phenomenon because they have experienced rapid urbanization and dramatic economic development, which have had a great influence on the climate in recent decades. This paper provides a review of recent research on the methods and impacts of UHI on building energy consumption, and the practical techniques that can be used to mitigate the adverse effects of UHI in China. The impact of UHI on building energy consumption depends largely on the local microclimate, the urban area features where the building is located, and the type and characteristics of the building. In the urban areas dominated by air conditioning, UHI could result in an approximately 10–16% increase in cooling energy consumption. Besides, the potential negative effects of UHI can be prevented from China in many ways, such as urban greening, cool material, water bodies, urban ventilation, etc. These strategies could have a substantial impact on the overall urban thermal environment if they can be used in the project design stage of urban planning and implemented on a large scale. Therefore, this study is useful to deepen the understanding of the physical mechanisms of UHI and provide practical approaches to fight the UHI for the urban planners, public health officials, and city decision-makers in China.

scholarly journals A next step in disruption management: combining operations research and complexity science

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark M. Dekker ◽  
Rolf N. van Lieshout ◽  
Robin C. Ball ◽  
Paul C. Bouman ◽  
Stefan C. Dekker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operations Research ◽  
Complexity Science ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Disruption Management ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Decentralized Decision Making ◽  
Control Situations ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
The Impact

AbstractRailway systems occasionally get into a state of being out-of-control, meaning that barely any train is running, even though the required resources (infrastructure, rolling stock and crew) are available. Because of the large number of affected resources and the absence of detailed, timely and accurate information, currently existing disruption management techniques cannot be applied in out-of-control situations. Most of the contemporary approaches assume that there is only one single disruption with a known duration, that all information about the resources is available, and that all stakeholders in the operations act as expected. Another limitation is the lack of knowledge about why and how disruptions accumulate and whether this process can be predicted. To tackle these problems, we develop a multidisciplinary framework combining techniques from complexity science and operations research, aiming at reducing the impact of these situations and—if possible—avoiding them. The key elements of this framework are (i) the generation of early warning signals for out-of-control situations, (ii) isolating a specific region such that delay stops propagating, and (iii) the application of decentralized decision making, more suited for information-sparse out-of-control situations.

scholarly journals ‘I’m fine!’: Assertions of lack of support need among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A mixed-methods study

2021 ◽  
pp. 174239532110003
Author(s):  
A Carole Gardener ◽  
Caroline Moore ◽  
Morag Farquhar ◽  
Gail Ewing ◽  
Efthalia Massou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
The Impact

Objectives To understand how people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) disavow their support needs and the impact on care. Methods Two stage mixed-method design. Stage 1 involved sub-analyses of data from a mixed-method population-based longitudinal study exploring the needs of patients with advanced COPD. Using adapted criteria from mental health research, we identified 21 patients who disavowed their needs from the 235 patient cohort. Qualitative interview transcripts and self-report measures were analysed to compare these patients with the remaining cohort. In stage 2 focus groups (n = 2) with primary healthcare practitioners (n = 9) explored the implications of Stage 1 findings. Results Patients who disavowed their support needs described non-compliance with symptom management and avoidance of future care planning (qualitative data). Analysis of self-report measures of mental and physical health found this group reported fewer needs than the remaining sample yet wanted more GP contact. The link between risk factors and healthcare professional involvement present in the rest of the sample was missing for these patients. Focus group data suggested practitioners found these patients challenging. Discussion This study identified patients with COPD who disavow their support needs, but who also desire more GP contact. GPs report finding these patients challenging to engage.

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