scholarly journals Medium-Energy Synthesis Gases from Waste as an Energy Source for an Internal Combustion Engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Andrej Chríbik ◽  
Marián Polóni ◽  
Ľuboš Magdolen ◽  
Matej Minárik
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Medium Energy ◽  
Gasification Process

The aim of the presented article is to analyse the influence of synthesis gas composition on the power, economic, and internal parameters of an atmospheric two-cylinder spark-ignition internal combustion engine (displacement of 686 cm3) designed for a micro-cogeneration unit. Synthesis gases produced mainly from waste contain combustible components as their basic material (methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide), as well as inert gases (carbon dioxide and nitrogen). A total of twelve synthesis gases were analysed that fall into the category of medium-energy gases with lower heating value in the range from 8 to 12 MJ/kg. All of the resulting parameters from the operation of the combustion engine powered by synthesis gases were compared with the reference fuel methane. The results show a decrease in the performance parameters for all operating loads and an increase in hourly fuel consumption. Specifically, for the operating speed of the micro-cogeneration unit (1500 L/min), the decrease in power parameters was in the range of 7.1–23.5%; however, the increase in hourly fuel consumption was higher by 270% to 420%. The decrease in effective efficiency ranged from 0.4 to 4.6%, which in percentage terms represented a decrease from 1.3% to 14.5%. The process of fuel combustion was most strongly influenced by the proportion of hydrogen and inert gases in the mixture. It can be concluded that setting up the synthesis gas production in the waste gasification process in order to achieve optimum performance and economic parameters of the combustion engine for a micro cogeneration unit has an influential role and is of crucial importance.

scholarly journals PROSES PEMBERSIHAN SYNGAS HASIL GASIFIKASI TEMPURUNG KEMIRI MENGGUNAKAN SIKLON

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Jemseng Carles Abineno ◽  
Johny Agustinus Koylal
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Syngas Cleaning

This study aims to examine the process of cleaning for synthesis gas (syngas) resulted from candlenut shell gasification by using a cyclone. Research was started by design or manufacture a cyclone as a tool that can condense the tar carried in the syngas produced from the gasification process. This tool was tested with by trial and error such that got a tool that can function optimally to condense tar. The syngas cleaning experiment using the cyclone was conducted by four treatments, namely S1 (1 cyclone), S2 (2 cyclones), S3 (3 cyclones), and S4 (4 cyclones).  All treatments were repeated 4 (four) times, so there were 16 experimental units. The parameter measured is the amount of tar that was condensed on the cyclone. Result showed that the syngas cleaning process using a cyclone worked well, and the best treatment was S3 (3 cyclones) with an average amount of condensed tar of 141.7 ml/kg of shell. The use of cyclones can condense tar and other particulates carried in the syngas. The cleaned syngas can be applied as fuel in an internal  combustion engine as a substitute for diesel and gasoline fuels.       Keywords: gasification, syngas, cleaning, cyclone

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Performance of Controllers for the Hydrogen Gas Production Demanded by an Internal Combustion Engine

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisol Cervantes-Bobadilla ◽  
Ricardo Escobar-Jiménez ◽  
José Gómez-Aguilar ◽  
Jarniel García-Morales ◽  
Víctor Olivares-Peregrino
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio

This work presents the design and application of two control techniques—a model predictive control (MPC) and a proportional integral derivative control (PID), both in combination with a multilayer perceptron neural network—to produce hydrogen gas on-demand, in order to use it as an additive in a spark ignition internal combustion engine. For the design of the controllers, a control-oriented model, identified with the Hammerstein technique, was used. For the implementation of both controllers, only 1% of the overall air entering through the throttle valve reacted with hydrogen gas, allowing maintenance of the hydrogen–air stoichiometric ratio at 34.3 and the air–gasoline ratio at 14.6. Experimental results showed that the average settling time of the MPC controller was 1 s faster than the settling time of the PID controller. Additionally, MPC presented better reference tracking, error rates and standard deviation of 1.03 × 10 − 7 and 1.06 × 10 − 14 , and had a greater insensitivity to measurement noise, resulting in greater robustness to disturbances. Finally, with the use of hydrogen as an additive to gasoline, there was an improvement in thermal and combustion efficiency of 4% and 0.6%, respectively, and an increase in power of 545 W, translating into a reduction of fossil fuel use.

scholarly journals Results of engine tests of an experimental gasoline internal combustion engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00078
Author(s):  
Dmitry Maryin ◽  
Andrei Glushchenko ◽  
Anton Khokhlov ◽  
Evgeny Proshkin ◽  
Rail Mustyakimov
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Microarc Oxidation ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Oxidation Method ◽  
Piston Head ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
Insulating Properties

To improve the power and fuel and economic performance of a gasoline internal combustion engine, it has been proposed to improve the insulating properties of the piston by forming a heat-insulating coating on the working surfaces of the piston head with a thickness of 25...30 μm using the microarc oxidation method. Comparative results of engine tests are carried out, which showed that an engine equipped with pistons with a heat-insulating coating on the working surfaces of the head increases power by 5.3 % and reduces hourly fuel consumption by 5.7 % compared to an engine equipped with standard pistons.

Hydrogen as an Alternative: Life Cycle Cost Analysis between Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine (Al+Hci) and Gasoline Engine Based on Brake Specific Fuel Consumption

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 423-427
Author(s):  
Halim Razali ◽  
Kamaruzzaman Sopian ◽  
Ali Sohif Mat
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
The Cost

Estimation of the life cycle cost (LCC) for a hydrogen internal combustion engine (H2ICE) that uses hydrogen as an alternative fuel by forecasting a financial investment plan for a period of five years (n = 5). This is influenced by the interest rate of 10% (i = 10). The effect of Annual Operating Cost and salvage value in the LCC for H2ICE would give impact on the cost of investment and economic growth in the long term. The result shows the brake specific fuel consumption to achieve 14% savings for grams per kilowatt hour for the engine (G + H2) compared to the engine (G). The operation of H2ICE in the first year would be increased by 22%, the reason is due to the cost of equipment, maintenance and purchase of new components. However, the percentage of operation cost for the following five to ten year of Present worth (PW) is reduced to 0.36% in the fourth year (n = 4) within the interest rate of 10%. The return of initial investment in the capital-first cost (FC) is to occur at the beginning of the fifth year (n = 5) of H2ICE operations. The cost of savings for the next five years would become more profitable reaching 37% reduction in cost compared to conventional fuel consumption

scholarly journals Optimal Degree of Hybridization for Spark-Ignited Engines with Optional Variable Valve Timings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8151
Author(s):  
Andyn Omanovic ◽  
Norbert Zsiga ◽  
Patrik Soltic ◽  
Christopher Onder
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Valve Train ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Optimal Degree ◽  
Variable Valve Train ◽  
Variable Valve

The electric hybridization of vehicles with an internal combustion engine is an effective measure to reduce CO2 emissions. However, the identification of the dimension and the sufficient complexity of the powertrain parts such as the engine, electric machine, and battery is not trivial. This paper investigates the influence of the technological advancement of an internal combustion engine and the sizing of all propulsion components on the optimal degree of hybridization and the corresponding fuel consumption reduction. Thus, a turbocharged and a naturally aspirated engine are both modeled with the additional option of either a fixed camshaft or a fully variable valve train. All models are based on data obtained from measurements on engine test benches. We apply dynamic programming to find the globally optimal operating strategy for the driving cycle chosen. Depending on the engine type, a reduction in fuel consumption by up to 32% is achieved with a degree of hybridization of 45%. Depending on the degree of hybridization, a fully variable valve train reduces the fuel consumption additionally by up to 9% and advances the optimal degree of hybridization to 50%. Furthermore, a sufficiently high degree of hybridization renders the gearbox obsolete, which permits simpler vehicle concepts to be derived. A degree of hybridization of 65% is found to be fuel optimal for a vehicle with a fixed transmission ratio. Its fuel economy diverges less than 4% from the optimal fuel economy of a hybrid electric vehicle equipped with a gearbox.

scholarly journals Model-based estimation of light-duty vehicle fuel economy at high altitude

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 168781401988625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Hao ◽  
Chunjie Wang ◽  
Hang Yin ◽  
Chunxiao Hao ◽  
Haohao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle

In order to estimate the light-duty vehicle fuel economy at high-altitude areas, the coast-down tests of a passenger car on level road were conducted at different elevations, and the coast-down resistance coefficients were calculated. Furthermore, a fuel economy model for a light-duty vehicle adopting backward simulation method was developed, and it mainly consists of vehicle dynamic model, internal combustion engine model, transmission model, and differential model. The internal combustion engine model consists of the brake-specific fuel consumption maps as functions of engine torque and engine speed, and the brake-specific fuel consumption map near sea level was constructed based on engine experimental data, and the brake-specific fuel consumption maps at high altitudes were calculated by GT-Power Modeling of the internal combustion engine. The fuel consumption rate was calculated from the brake-specific fuel consumption maps and brake power and used to calculate the fuel economy of the light-duty vehicle. The model predicted fuel consumption data met well with the test results, and the model prediction errors are within 5%.

The Application of Aluminum and Hydrochloric Acid to Produce Hydrogen for Internal Combustion Engine via Hydrogen Mixture with Gasoline Based on Specific Fuel Consumption

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 1804-1811
Author(s):  
Halim Razali ◽  
Kamaruzzaman Sopian ◽  
Sohif Mat
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Combustion Performance ◽  
Average Value

Combustion performance from the use of hydrogen generated through chemical activity between aluminum and hydrochloric acid that can be applied as an alternative fuel source for internal combustion engine needs is the aim of this paper. Applications of a mixture of hydrogen with petrol can be used to increase the combustion performance especially on the effect of sfc. Sfc is the parameter used in stoichiometric ratio for the combustion process. The methodology includes the production process of hydrogen, interpretation of reaction rates and the effect on specific fuel consumption (sfc) for internal combustion engine. This results showed 0.7412 mole of hydrogen can be generated through the chemical reaction between 20 grams of aluminium with 250 ml of hydrochloric acid or 1 kg of aluminium can produce 37.06 moles which is equivalent to 108 grams hydrogen. Fuel economy of each load test was 6.5% (L0), 18.5% (L1) and 30% (L2) in grams per kilowatt hour. The rate used in each test load was 100 g/kWh (L0), 80.77 g/kWh (L1), and 112 g/kWh (L2) compared to petrol of 107 g/kWh (L0), 99.23 g/kWh (L1) and 162 g/kWh (L2). Results from the combustion of petrol, air and hydrogen in proportion of 100 g/kWh, 80.77 g/kWh and 112 g/kWh was able to improve the quality of combustion compared to the normal fuel consumption. The total use of sfc achieved 20.3% savings in grams per kilowatt hour for the engine (G + H2) with an average value of 98 g/kWh compared to the engine (G) with an average value of 123 g/kWh.

scholarly journals Sensitivity Analysis of Different Parameters on the Performance of a CHP Internal Combustion Engine System Fed by a Biomass Waste Gasifier

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Villarini ◽  
Vera Marcantonio ◽  
Andrea Colantoni ◽  
Enrico Bocci
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
Gas Efficiency ◽  
Cold Gas

The present paper presents a study of biomass waste to energy conversion using gasification and internal combustion engine for power generation. The biomass waste analyzed is the most produced on Italian soil, chosen for suitable properties in the gasification process. Good quality syngas with up to 16.1% CO–4.3% CH4–23.1% H2 can be produced. The syngas lower heating value may vary from 1.86 MJ/ Nm3 to 4.5 MJ/Nm3 in the gasification with air and from 5.2 MJ/ Nm3 to 7.5 MJ/Nm3 in the gasification with steam. The cold gas efficiency may vary from 16% to 41% in the gasification with air and from 37% to 60% in the gasification with steam, depending on the different biomass waste utilized in the process and the different operating conditions. Based on the sensitivity studies carried out in the paper and paying attention to the cold gas efficiency and to the LHV, we have selected the best configuration process for the best syngas composition to feed the internal combustion engine. The influence of syngas fuel properties on the engine is studied through the electrical efficiency and the cogeneration efficiency.

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