Classification of Corn Stalk Lodging Resistance Using Equivalent Forces Combined with SVD Algorithm

Corn stalk lodging, which involves the breakage of the stalk below the ear following either bad weather, insect infestation or stormy rain, usually leads to harvest loss, increased harvesting time and higher drying costs. The objective of this study was to develop a method that can classify corn stalk lodging resistance. This method, which employed the maximum equivalent force exerted on a corn stalk, corresponding stalk agronomic traits, and the singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm, showed that the five corn varieties with different stalk lodging resistance from two planting densities of 60,000 plants/ha and 75,000 plants/ha can be effectively classified. A customized device was designed to measure the equivalent forces. Three factors, including the planting density, the stalk diameter, and the maximum equivalent force with comprehensive contributions of −0.4603, 0.4196 and 0.4068, which are related to principal components, play an important role in the classification of corn stalk lodging resistance. The results showed that the corn stalk lodging resistance decreased with increase in planting density; however, with the increase in stalk diameter and maximum equivalent force, the lodging resistance significantly increased. Corn breeders can develop higher lodging resistance-based corn varieties by using this approach.

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A Non-Destructive and Direction-Insensitive Method Using a Strain Sensor and Two Single Axis Angle Sensors for Evaluating Corn Stalk Lodging Resistance

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s18061852 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 1852 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Qingqian Guo ◽

Ruipeng Chen ◽

Xiaoquan Sun ◽

Min Jiang ◽

Haifeng Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Strain Sensor ◽

Corn Stalk ◽

Lodging Resistance ◽

Stalk Lodging ◽

Non Destructive

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Fine mapping of the BnUC2 locus related to leaf up-curling and plant semi-dwarfing in Brassica napus

10.21203/rs.2.17555/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Chengwei Huang ◽

Mao Yang ◽

Danlei Shao ◽

Yangming Wang ◽

Shubei Wan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candidate Gene ◽

Plant Height ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Fine Mapping ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Leaf Shape ◽

Planting Density ◽

Lodging Resistance ◽

Leaf Trait ◽

Curled Leaves

Abstract Background Studies of leaf shape development and plant stature have made important contributions to the fields of plant breeding and developmental biology. The optimization of leaf morphology and plant height to improve lodging resistance and photosynthetic efficiency, increase planting density and yield, and facilitate mechanized harvesting is a desirable goal in Brassica napus.Results Here, we investigated a B. napus germplasm resource exhibiting up-curled leaves and a semi-dwarf stature. In progeny populations derived from NJAU5737 and Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11), we found that the up-curled leaf trait was controlled by a dominant locus, BnUC2. We then fine mapped the BnUC2 locus onto an 83.19-kb interval on chromosome A05 using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. We further determined that BnUC2 was a major plant height QTL that explained approximately 70% of the phenotypic variation in two BC5F3 family populations derived from NJAU5737 and ZS11. This result implies that BnUC2 was also responsible for the observed semi-dwarf stature. The fine mapping interval of BnUC2 contained five genes, two of which, BnaA05g16700D (BnaA05.IAA2) and BnaA05g16720D, were revealed by comparative sequencing to be mutated in NJAU5737. This result suggests that the candidate gene mutation (BnaA05g16700D) in the conserved Degron motif GWPPV (P63S) was responsible for the BnUC2 locus. In addition, investigation of agronomic traits in a separation population indicated that plant height, main inflorescence length, and branching height were significantly reduced by BnUC2, whereas yield was not significantly altered. Our findings may provide an effective foundation for plant type breeding in B. napus.Conclusions Using SNP and SSR markers, a dominant locus (BnUC2) related to up-curled leaves and semi-dwarf stature in B. napus has been fine mapped onto an 83.19-kb interval of chromosome A05 containing five genes. The BnaA05g16700D (BnaA05.IAA2) is inferred to be candidate gene responsible for the BnUC2 locus.

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Responses of the Lodging Resistance of Summer Maize with Different Gene Types to Plant Density

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy12010010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Jinsheng Yang ◽

Wenjie Geng ◽

Jiwang Zhang ◽

Baizhao Ren ◽

Lichun Wang

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Vascular Bundle ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Plant Density ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Planting Density ◽

High Yield ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Lodging Resistance

The appropriate increase of planting densities is the key to the obtainment of high-yield maize (Zea mays L.). However, lodging is a major constraint to limit grain yield under increased planting density in present maize production. Effects of population density on stalk lodging and agronomic traits were investigated using two maize cultivars Denghai 618 (DH618, low stalk with low spike height) and Xianyu335 (XY335, high stalk with high spike height). Four levels of density treatment were imposed by 1.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 × 104 plants ha−1. Results showed that bending strength, rind penetration strength, maximum bending strength, dry weight, and internode diameter of maize were significantly decreased with the increase of planting density. The change range of XY335 with the increase of planting density was significantly larger than that of DH618, showing a high sensitivity to planting density. In addition, the thickness of cortex and vascular bundle sclerenchyma cells was significantly reduced with the increase of planting density. Compared with 1.5 × 104 plants ha−1, the thickness of the above-ground third internode stem cortex was decreased by 9.64%, 12.72%, and 20.77% for DH618, and 19.26%, 30.49%, and 37.45% for XY335 at 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 × 104 plants ha−1, respectively. The thickness of vascular bundle sclerenchyma cells at 1.5 × 104 plants ha−1 was decreased by 7.75%, 12.44%%, and 17.89% for DH618, 10.18%, 15.21%, and 24.73% for XY335, compared to those at 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 × 104 plants ha−1, respectively. Visibly, with the increase of planting density, the thickness of cortex and vascular bundle sclerenchyma cells, and the number of vascular bundles were all significantly decreased, resulting in the increase of lodging rate. However, the extent of variation in these parameters for short-plant height hybrid was less than those for high-plant height hybrid, and the yield of short-plant height hybrid was greater than that of high-plant height hybrid, indicating that short-plant height hybrid has better resistance to lodging with higher yield at higher planting density. Therefore, lodging resistance and yield can be improved through selection and breeding strategies that achieving synergistic development of diameter, dry weight per unit, and cortex thickness in maize basal internodes.

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Changes of Stem Characteristics, Senescence Indexes and Yield and Quality of Wintering Rye under Different Populations

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126876 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6876

Author(s):

Yuetao Zuo ◽

Xueyue Zhang ◽

Shiyu Zuo ◽

Xiaosong Ren ◽

Zhaoyue Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rapid Development ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Planting Density ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Lodging Resistance ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Grain Number Per Spike ◽

Basal Internode ◽

Spike Number

In response to the production crisis caused by a winter feed shortage due to the rapid development of the animal husbandry industry, winter rye 001 was selected to study differences in stalk and senescence characteristics in yield formation in cold regions. Five density treatments were established in a randomized design as 225 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D1), 275 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D2), 325 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D3), 375 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D4), and 425 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D5). Stem characteristics, SOD activity, POD activity, MDA content, and differences in yield and feeding quality under different population densities were analyzed. The plant height, center of gravity, and stem basal internode length showed an increasing trend with an increase in planting density. The stem wall thickness, diameter, strength, and lodging resistance indices decreased. At 275 × 104 plants·hm−2, the rye crude protein content was the highest while neutral washing fiber and acid washing fiber were the lowest, and feed quality was the best. With an increase in density, spike number, grain number per spike, and thousand-grain weight first increased and then decreased. We concluded that the yield and feeding quality were best when the basic seedling was at 275 × 104 plants hm−2.

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