scholarly journals Changes of Stem Characteristics, Senescence Indexes and Yield and Quality of Wintering Rye under Different Populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6876
Author(s):  
Yuetao Zuo ◽  
Xueyue Zhang ◽  
Shiyu Zuo ◽  
Xiaosong Ren ◽  
Zhaoyue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Basal Internode ◽  
Spike Number

In response to the production crisis caused by a winter feed shortage due to the rapid development of the animal husbandry industry, winter rye 001 was selected to study differences in stalk and senescence characteristics in yield formation in cold regions. Five density treatments were established in a randomized design as 225 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D1), 275 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D2), 325 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D3), 375 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D4), and 425 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D5). Stem characteristics, SOD activity, POD activity, MDA content, and differences in yield and feeding quality under different population densities were analyzed. The plant height, center of gravity, and stem basal internode length showed an increasing trend with an increase in planting density. The stem wall thickness, diameter, strength, and lodging resistance indices decreased. At 275 × 104 plants·hm−2, the rye crude protein content was the highest while neutral washing fiber and acid washing fiber were the lowest, and feed quality was the best. With an increase in density, spike number, grain number per spike, and thousand-grain weight first increased and then decreased. We concluded that the yield and feeding quality were best when the basic seedling was at 275 × 104 plants hm−2.

scholarly journals Lignin metabolism regulates lodging resistance of maize hybrids under varying planting density

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2077-2089
Author(s):  
Bin LI ◽  
Fei GAO ◽  
Bai-zhao REN ◽  
Shu-ting DONG ◽  
Peng LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Planting Density ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Lignin Metabolism

The Effects of Planting Density on Lodging Resistance, Related Enzyme Activities, and Grain Yield in Different Genotypes of Oilseed Flax

Crop Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 2613-2622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhong Gao ◽  
Hanyu Jiang ◽  
Bing Wu ◽  
Junyi Niu ◽  
Yajiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Related Enzyme

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN RANSUM KOMERSIL DENGAN PENAMBAHAN BAHAN PAKAN LOKAL TERFERMENTASI AMONIUM SULFAT DAN UREA TERHADAP BOBOT HIDUP, BOBOT KARKAS, DAN BOBOT GIBLET ITIK HIBRIDA JANTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Amir Husein ◽  
Rudy Sutrisna ◽  
Dian Septinova
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
University Research ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Male Hybrid ◽  
Level Of Significance

This research aimed to know the influence of giving a commercial ration with addition of local feed fermented with ammonium sulphate and urea and to find out the best ration on live weight, carcass weight, and giblet weight of male hybrid ducks. This research was carried out in July 2018--August 2018 in the cage of ducks, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, Lampung University. Research material used consisted of 40 male hybrid ducks. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data was analysed using analysis of variance at 5% level of significance. The results showed that there was no different effect of treatments on live weight (1,552--1,717 g / duck), carcass weight (805,6--1.016 g / duck), and giblet weight (106.8--118.45 g /duck) of male hybrid ducks. Keywords: Carcass weight, Giblet weight, Live weight, Male hybrid duck.

scholarly journals Combating Dual Challenges in Maize Under High Planting Density: Kernel Abortion and Stem Lodging

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Noor Shah ◽  
Mohsin Tanveer ◽  
Asad Abbas ◽  
Mehmet Yildirim ◽  
Anis Ali Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
High Plant Density

High plant density is considered a proficient approach to increase maize production in countries with limited agricultural land; however, this creates a high risk of stem lodging and kernel abortion by reducing the ratio of biomass to the development of the stem and ear. Stem lodging and kernel abortion are major constraints in maize yield production for high plant density cropping; therefore, it is very important to overcome stem lodging and kernel abortion in maize. In this review, we discuss various morphophysiological and genetic characteristics of maize that may reduce the risk of stem lodging and kernel abortion, with a focus on carbohydrate metabolism and partitioning in maize. These characteristics illustrate a strong relationship between stem lodging resistance and kernel abortion. Previous studies have focused on targeting lignin and cellulose accumulation to improve lodging resistance. Nonetheless, a critical analysis of the literature showed that considering sugar metabolism and examining its effects on lodging resistance and kernel abortion in maize may provide considerable results to improve maize productivity. A constructive summary of management approaches that could be used to efficiently control the effects of stem lodging and kernel abortion is also included. The preferred management choice is based on the genotype of maize; nevertheless, various genetic and physiological approaches can control stem lodging and kernel abortion. However, plant growth regulators and nutrient application can also help reduce the risk for stem lodging and kernel abortion in maize.

scholarly journals Effects of Multiple Planting Densities on Lignin Metabolism and Lodging Resistance of the Strip Intercropped Soybean Stem

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Cheng ◽  
Ali Raza ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Mei Xu ◽  
Junji Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Index ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
System A ◽  
Lignin Metabolism

The shading of maize and self-shading are the key factors affecting the stem lignin biosynthesis and lodging resistance of soybean at middle and later growth stages in the strip intercropping system. A study was designed to explore the regulation mechanism of lignin metabolism and different planting densities; PD1, PD2, and PD3 were used having a total number of 17 plants m−2, 20 plants m−2, and 25 plants m−2, respectively, on the lodging resistance of strip intercropped soybean stem. Our results depicted that the lower planting density (PD1) appropriately promoted the leaf photosynthesis activities (Pn), increase the activity of lignin-related enzymes and the accumulation of carbohydrates in stems, and eventually enhanced the lodging resistance of the strip intercropped soybean stem. Correlation analysis also showed that the lodging resistance index of soybean stem was significantly correlated with the available light for soybean canopy and Pn strip intercropped soybean stem characteristics and activities of enzymes related to lignin synthesis among the different planting densities. The findings of our research will be useful in future studies to understand the relationship between different light environment, planting densities, and lodging resistance of intercropped soybean and also guide the optimum planting density in maize–soybean intercropping system.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PELLET CONTAINING CASSAVA LEAVES MEAL AT VARIOUS PARTICLE SIZE ON BROILER

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
R. Noviadi Noviadi ◽  
A. A. Candra
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Randomized Design

The addition of cassava leaves meal (CLM) in broiler rations in the form of  pellets require specific and uniform size because it will determine the characteristics of the material, especially the particle size plays an important role during the process of making ration (mixing and pelleting process).  Research has been conducted from March to October 2013 in the Laboratory of the Department of Animal Husbandry. The study aims to look at the characteristics of the pellet that containing cassava leaves meal by using a variety of screen sizes as well as its influence on metabolizable energy, nutrient digestibility, histology of the digestive tract and broiler performance. Research using a completely randomized design (CRD), with three treatments and seven replicates and each experimental unit consisted of nine broilers. The treatment applied is T1 = CLM  milled using screen of 2 mm, T2 = CLM milled using screen of 3 mm, and T3 = CLM milled using screen of 5 mm. Observations included physical characteristics of the pellets, nutrients digestibility, metabolizable energy, histology of ileum and broiler production performance. The data obtained were tested by analysis of variance and a further test usingDuncan's multiple range test. The results showed that CLM milled using 2 mm screen to produce a compact pellet characteristics and performance of broiler production is better than the screen size 3 and 5 mm and the pellet with CLM milled using a screen 2, 3, and 5 mm produce normal ileal tissue in broiler.

Relationship of stalk morphology and chemical composition to lodging resistance in maize (Zea mays L.) in a rainforest zone

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Esechie
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Basal Section ◽  
Basal Internode ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rainforest Zone

SummaryField and laboratory studies were carried out in 1981 and 1982 to investigate the relationship of stalk morphology and chemical composition to lodging resistance in maize in the rainforest zone of Nigeria.Morphological characters correlated with lodging were plant height, diameter and length of basal internode, thickness of rind and weight of 5 cm basal section. Lodging was negatively correlated with grain yield, and with the percentages of total nonstructural carbohydrate, protein and potassium in the stalks. Premature stalk senescence and rot were common in varieties susceptible to lodging. Lodging had no relationship with leaf area and number of days from sowing to flowering.

scholarly journals The Role of Antioxidant Enzymes in Adaptive Responses to Sheath Blight Infestation under Different Fertilization Rates and Hill Densities

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wu ◽  
Xuejie Wan ◽  
Farooq Shah ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
Jianliang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Block Method ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Agar Block ◽  
Mda Content

Sheath blight of rice, caused byRhizoctonia solani, is one of the most devastating rice diseases worldwide. No rice cultivar has been found to be completely resistant to this fungus. Identifying antioxidant enzymes activities (activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)) and malondialdehyde content (MDA) responding to sheath blight infestation is imperative to understand the defensive mechanism systems of rice. In the present study, two inoculation methods (toothpick and agar block method) were tested in double-season rice. Toothpick method had greater lesion length than agar block method in late season. A higher MDA content was found under toothpick method compared with agar block method, which led to greater POD and SOD activities. Dense planting caused higher lesion length resulting in a higher MDA content, which also subsequently stimulated higher POD and SOD activity. Sheath blight severity was significantly related to the activity of antioxidant enzyme during both seasons. The present study implies that rice plants possess a system of antioxidant protective enzymes which helps them in adaptation to sheath blight infection stresses. Several agronomic practices, such as rational use of fertilizers and optimum planting density, involved in regulating antioxidant protective enzyme systems can be regarded as promising strategy to suppress the sheath blight development.

AC Rifle winter rye

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. McLeod ◽  
J. F. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Dwarf Cultivar ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Cultivar Description

AC Rifle, a cultivar of winter rye (Secale cereale L.), was developed at the Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, Saskatchewan. It is the first semi-dwarf cultivar registered for production in the Prairie Provinces of Western Canada. AC Rifle represents a 30% reduction in plant height compared to conventional height cultivars. Gram yield potential and winter hardiness of AC Rifle is equal to the check cultivars It has improved lodging resistance over all other adapted cultivars of winter rye. Key words: Cultivar description, semi-dwarf, rye (winter), Secale cereale L.

Hazlet winter rye

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. McLeod ◽  
Y. Gan
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Rye Straw ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Hazlet is a cultivar of winter rye (Secale cereale L.), developed at the Semiarid Prairie, Agricultural Research Centre, Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK. Straw of Hazlet is about 10% shorter than tall cultivars such as Prima. Lodging resistance is poorer than AC Rifle and similar to Prima and Dakota. Hazlet has good winter survival and is well adapted to the Canadian Prairies. Kernels are about 16% larger and the test weight is significantly greater than the check cultivars. Grain yield is about 16% grater than that of Prima. Key words: Cultivar description, winter rye, straw strength, reduced plant height, test weight, kernel weight, Secale cereale L.

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