scholarly journals Fine mapping of the BnUC2 locus related to leaf up-curling and plant semi-dwarfing in Brassica napus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengwei Huang ◽  
Mao Yang ◽  
Danlei Shao ◽  
Yangming Wang ◽  
Shubei Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Leaf Trait ◽  
Curled Leaves

Abstract Background Studies of leaf shape development and plant stature have made important contributions to the fields of plant breeding and developmental biology. The optimization of leaf morphology and plant height to improve lodging resistance and photosynthetic efficiency, increase planting density and yield, and facilitate mechanized harvesting is a desirable goal in Brassica napus.Results Here, we investigated a B. napus germplasm resource exhibiting up-curled leaves and a semi-dwarf stature. In progeny populations derived from NJAU5737 and Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11), we found that the up-curled leaf trait was controlled by a dominant locus, BnUC2. We then fine mapped the BnUC2 locus onto an 83.19-kb interval on chromosome A05 using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. We further determined that BnUC2 was a major plant height QTL that explained approximately 70% of the phenotypic variation in two BC5F3 family populations derived from NJAU5737 and ZS11. This result implies that BnUC2 was also responsible for the observed semi-dwarf stature. The fine mapping interval of BnUC2 contained five genes, two of which, BnaA05g16700D (BnaA05.IAA2) and BnaA05g16720D, were revealed by comparative sequencing to be mutated in NJAU5737. This result suggests that the candidate gene mutation (BnaA05g16700D) in the conserved Degron motif GWPPV (P63S) was responsible for the BnUC2 locus. In addition, investigation of agronomic traits in a separation population indicated that plant height, main inflorescence length, and branching height were significantly reduced by BnUC2, whereas yield was not significantly altered. Our findings may provide an effective foundation for plant type breeding in B. napus.Conclusions Using SNP and SSR markers, a dominant locus (BnUC2) related to up-curled leaves and semi-dwarf stature in B. napus has been fine mapped onto an 83.19-kb interval of chromosome A05 containing five genes. The BnaA05g16700D (BnaA05.IAA2) is inferred to be candidate gene responsible for the BnUC2 locus.

scholarly journals Responses of the Lodging Resistance of Summer Maize with Different Gene Types to Plant Density

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Jinsheng Yang ◽  
Wenjie Geng ◽  
Jiwang Zhang ◽  
Baizhao Ren ◽  
Lichun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Lodging Resistance

The appropriate increase of planting densities is the key to the obtainment of high-yield maize (Zea mays L.). However, lodging is a major constraint to limit grain yield under increased planting density in present maize production. Effects of population density on stalk lodging and agronomic traits were investigated using two maize cultivars Denghai 618 (DH618, low stalk with low spike height) and Xianyu335 (XY335, high stalk with high spike height). Four levels of density treatment were imposed by 1.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 × 104 plants ha−1. Results showed that bending strength, rind penetration strength, maximum bending strength, dry weight, and internode diameter of maize were significantly decreased with the increase of planting density. The change range of XY335 with the increase of planting density was significantly larger than that of DH618, showing a high sensitivity to planting density. In addition, the thickness of cortex and vascular bundle sclerenchyma cells was significantly reduced with the increase of planting density. Compared with 1.5 × 104 plants ha−1, the thickness of the above-ground third internode stem cortex was decreased by 9.64%, 12.72%, and 20.77% for DH618, and 19.26%, 30.49%, and 37.45% for XY335 at 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 × 104 plants ha−1, respectively. The thickness of vascular bundle sclerenchyma cells at 1.5 × 104 plants ha−1 was decreased by 7.75%, 12.44%%, and 17.89% for DH618, 10.18%, 15.21%, and 24.73% for XY335, compared to those at 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 × 104 plants ha−1, respectively. Visibly, with the increase of planting density, the thickness of cortex and vascular bundle sclerenchyma cells, and the number of vascular bundles were all significantly decreased, resulting in the increase of lodging rate. However, the extent of variation in these parameters for short-plant height hybrid was less than those for high-plant height hybrid, and the yield of short-plant height hybrid was greater than that of high-plant height hybrid, indicating that short-plant height hybrid has better resistance to lodging with higher yield at higher planting density. Therefore, lodging resistance and yield can be improved through selection and breeding strategies that achieving synergistic development of diameter, dry weight per unit, and cortex thickness in maize basal internodes.

scholarly journals Fine-mapping and transcriptome analysis of a candidate gene controlling plant height in Brassica napus L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Wang ◽  
Ming Zheng ◽  
Hongfang Liu ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Brassica Napus L

scholarly journals Identification of Bna.IAA7.C05 as allelic gene for dwarf mutant generated from tissue culture in oilseed rape

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongtao Cheng ◽  
Fenwei Jin ◽  
Qamar U. Zaman ◽  
Bingli Ding ◽  
Mengyu Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Dwarf Mutant ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Dwarf Phenotype ◽  
Lodging Resistance

Abstract Background Plant height is one of the most important agronomic traits in many crops due to its influence on lodging resistance and yield performance. Although progress has been made in the use of dwarfing genes in crop improvement, identification of new dwarf germplasm is still of significant interest for breeding varieties with increased yield. Results Here we describe a dominant, dwarf mutant G7 of Brassica napus with down-curved leaves derived from tissue culture. To explore the genetic variation responsible for the dwarf phenotype, the mutant was crossed to a conventional line to develop a segregating F2 population. Bulks were formed from plants with either dwarf or conventional plant height and subjected to high throughput sequencing analysis via mutation mapping (MutMap). The dwarf mutation was mapped to a 0.6 Mb interval of B. napus chromosome C05. Candidate gene analysis revealed that one SNP causing an amino acid change in the domain II of Bna.IAA7.C05 may contribute to the dwarf phenotype. This is consistent with the phenotype of a gain-of-function indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) mutant in Bna.IAA7.C05 reported recently. GO and KEGG analysis of RNA-seq data revealed the down-regulation of auxin related genes, including many other IAA and small up regulated response (SAUR) genes, in the dwarf mutant. Conclusion Our studies characterize a new allele of Bna.IAA7.C05 responsible for the dwarf mutant generated from tissue culture. This may provide a valuable genetic resource for breeding for lodging resistance and compact plant stature in B. napus.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Shanlan Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Association Analysis of SSR Markers Linked to Agronomic Traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Guofeng Yang ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
Yali Guan ◽  
Zhixia Xu ◽  
Junyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Rice Germplasm ◽  
Panicle Number

Shanlan upland rice, a kind of unique rice germplasm in Hainan Island, was used to evaluate genetic diversity and association between SSR markers and agronomic traits. A total of 239 alleles were detected in 57 Hainan upland rice varieties using 35 SSR markers, and the number of alleles per locus was 2-19. The observed heterozygosity was 0.0655-0.3115. The Shannon diversity index was 0.1352-0.4827. The genetic similarity coefficient was 0.6736-0.9707, and 46 varieties were clustered into one group, indicating that the genetic base of the Shanlan upland rice germplasm was narrow. A total of 25 SSR markers significantly related to plant height, effective panicle number per plant, panicle length, total grain number, filled grain number, seed rating rate, and 1000-grain weight were obtained ( P < 0.01 ), with the percentage of the total variations explained ranging from 0.12% to 42.62%. RM208 explained 42.62% of the total variations in plant height of Shanlan upland rice. RM493 was significantly associated with 6 agronomic traits. We can speculate that RM208 may flank QTLs responsible for plant height and RM493 may flank QTLs playing a fundamental role in the intertwined regulatory network of agronomic traits of Shanlan upland rice.

scholarly journals Fine mapping of the BnaC04.BIL1 gene controlling plant height in Brassica napus L

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao Yang ◽  
Jianbo He ◽  
Shubei Wan ◽  
Weiyan Li ◽  
Wenjing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Protein Sequence Analysis ◽  
Dwarf Phenotype ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Dwarfing Gene

Abstract Background Plant height is an important architecture trait which is a fundamental yield-determining trait in crops. Variety with dwarf or semi-dwarf phenotype is a major objective in the breeding because dwarfing architecture can help to increase harvest index, increase planting density, enhance lodging resistance, and thus be suitable for mechanization harvest. Although some germplasm or genes associated with dwarfing plant type have been carried out. The molecular mechanisms underlying dwarfism in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) are poorly understood, restricting the progress of breeding dwarf varieties in this species. Here, we report a new dwarf mutant Bndwarf2 from our B. napus germplasm. We studied its inheritance and mapped the dwarf locus BnDWARF2. Results The inheritance analysis showed that the dwarfism phenotype was controlled by one semi-dominant gene, which was mapped in an interval of 787.88 kb on the C04 chromosome of B. napus by Illumina Brassica 60 K Bead Chip Array. To fine-map BnDWARF2, 318 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were designed to uniformly cover the mapping interval. Among them, 15 polymorphic primers that narrowed down the BnDWARF2 locus to 34.62 kb were detected using a F2:3 family population with 889 individuals. Protein sequence analysis showed that only BnaC04.BIL1 (BnaC04g41660D) had two amino acid residues substitutions (Thr187Ser and Gln399His) between ZS11 and Bndwarf2, which encoding a GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3 (GSK3-like). The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the BnaC04.BIL1 gene expressed in all tissues of oilseed rape. Subcellular localization experiment showed that BnaC04.BIL1 was localized in the nucleus in tobacco leaf cells. Genetic transformation experiments confirmed that the BnaC04.BIL1 is responsible for the plant dwarf phenotype in the Bndwarf2 mutants. Overexpression of BnaC04.BIL1 reduced plant height, but also resulted in compact plant architecture. Conclusions A dominant dwarfing gene, BnaC04.BIL1, encodes an GSK3-like that negatively regulates plant height, was mapped and isolated. Our identification of a distinct gene locus may help to improve lodging resistance in oilseed rape.

scholarly journals Characterization and Fine Mapping of a New Dwarf Mutant in Brassica Napus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Fujiang Xiang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jindong Yan ◽  
Xinmei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Dwarf Mutant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Commercial Cultivar

Abstract Background: Plant height is an important plant architecture character closely related to yield performance of many crops. Reasonable reduction of plant height of crops is beneficial for enhancing lodging resistance and improving yield. Results: In the present study, we described a Brassica napus dwarf mutant bnd2 induced by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. Compared to wild type, bnd2 showed shorter stature, shorter hypocotyl, as well as shorter petiole leaves. We crossed the bnd2 mutant with its wild type and found that the ratio of the mutant to the wild type in the F2 population was close to 1:3, indicating that bnd2 is a recessive mutation of a single locus. Following bulked segregant analysis (BSA) by resequencing, BND2 was located into the 13.77 Mb-18.08 Mb interval of chromosome A08, with a length of 4.31 Mb. After fine mapping with SNP and InDel markers, the gene was narrowed to a 140-Kb interval ranging from 15.62 Mb to 15.76 Mb. According to reference genome annotation, there are 27 genes in the interval, and one of them BnaA08g20960D has a SNP type variation in the intron between the mutant and its parent, which may be the candidate gene conferring to BND2. The hybrid line derived from a cross between the mutant bnd2 and a commercial cultivar L329 has similar plant height but higher grain yield than the commercial cultivar, suggesting that the allele bnd2 is benefit for hybrid breeding of lodging resistance and high yield in rapeseed.Conclusion: In this study, we found a fresh resource and a new locus for dwarf in rapeseed, which may be benefit for functional analysis of genetic mechanism of plant architecture and grain yield in rapeseed.

scholarly journals Classification of Corn Stalk Lodging Resistance Using Equivalent Forces Combined with SVD Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqian Guo ◽  
Ruipeng Chen ◽  
Liuzheng Ma ◽  
Haifeng Sun ◽  
Mengmeng Weng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Stalk Diameter ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
Value Decomposition ◽  
Stalk Lodging

Corn stalk lodging, which involves the breakage of the stalk below the ear following either bad weather, insect infestation or stormy rain, usually leads to harvest loss, increased harvesting time and higher drying costs. The objective of this study was to develop a method that can classify corn stalk lodging resistance. This method, which employed the maximum equivalent force exerted on a corn stalk, corresponding stalk agronomic traits, and the singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm, showed that the five corn varieties with different stalk lodging resistance from two planting densities of 60,000 plants/ha and 75,000 plants/ha can be effectively classified. A customized device was designed to measure the equivalent forces. Three factors, including the planting density, the stalk diameter, and the maximum equivalent force with comprehensive contributions of −0.4603, 0.4196 and 0.4068, which are related to principal components, play an important role in the classification of corn stalk lodging resistance. The results showed that the corn stalk lodging resistance decreased with increase in planting density; however, with the increase in stalk diameter and maximum equivalent force, the lodging resistance significantly increased. Corn breeders can develop higher lodging resistance-based corn varieties by using this approach.

scholarly journals Transcriptome dynamic landscape underlying the improvement of maize lodging resistance under coronatine treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaobin Ren ◽  
Xing Wang ◽  
Qun Tao ◽  
Qing Guo ◽  
Yuyi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Study Gene Expression

Abstract Background Lodging is one of the important factors causing maize yield. Plant height is an important factor in determining plant architecture in maize (Zea mays L.), which is closely related to lodging resistance under high planting density. Coronatine (COR), which is a phytotoxin and produced by the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, is a functional and structural analogue of jasmonic acid (JA). Results In this study, we found COR, as a new plant growth regulator, could effectively reduce plant height and ear height of both hybrids (ZD958 and XY335) and inbred (B73) maize by inhibiting internode growth during elongation, thus improve maize lodging resistance. To study gene expression changes in internode after COR treatment, we collected spatio-temporal transcriptome of inbred B73 internode under normal condition and COR treatment, including the three different regions of internode (fixed, meristem and elongation regions) at three different developmental stages. The gene expression levels of the three regions at normal condition were described and then compared with that upon COR treatment. In total, 8605 COR-responsive genes (COR-RGs) were found, consist of 802 genes specifically expressed in internode. For these COR-RGs, 614, 870, 2123 of which showed expression changes in only fixed, meristem and elongation region, respectively. Both the number and function were significantly changed for COR-RGs identified in different regions, indicating genes with different functions were regulated at the three regions. Besides, we found more than 80% genes of gibberellin and jasmonic acid were changed under COR treatment. Conclusions These data provide a gene expression profiling in different regions of internode development and molecular mechanism of COR affecting internode elongation. A putative schematic of the internode response to COR treatment is proposed which shows the basic process of COR affecting internode elongation. This research provides a useful resource for studying maize internode development and improves our understanding of the COR regulation mechanism based on plant height.

scholarly journals Utilizing MIKC-type MADS-box protein SOC1 for yield potential enhancement in maize

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-qing Song ◽  
Xue Han ◽  
John T. Ryner ◽  
Addie Thompson ◽  
Kan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Mads Box Gene ◽  
Transcriptome Comparison

Abstract Key message Overexpression of Zea mays SOC gene promotes flowering, reduces plant height, and leads to no reduction in grain production per plant, suggesting enhanced yield potential, at least, through increasing planting density. Abstract MIKC-type MADS-box gene SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) is an integrator conserved in the plant flowering pathway. In this study, the maize SOC1 (ZmSOC1) gene was cloned and overexpressed in transgenic maize Hi-II genotype. The T0 plants were backcrossed with nontransgenic inbred B73 to produce first generation backcross (BC1) seeds. Phenotyping of both transgenic and null segregant (NT) BC1 plants was conducted in three independent experiments. The BC1 transgenic plants showed new attributes such as increased vegetative growth, accelerated flowering time, reduced overall plant height, and increased grain weight. Second generation backcross (BC2) plants were evaluated in the field using two planting densities. Compared to BC2 NT plants, BC2 transgenic plants, were 12–18% shorter, flowered 5 days earlier, and showed no reduction in grain production per plant and an increase in fat, starch, and simple sugars in the grain. Transcriptome comparison in young leaves of 56-day-old BC1 plants revealed that the overexpressed ZmSOC1 resulted in 107 differentially expressed genes. The upregulated transcription factor DNA BINDING WITH ONE FINGER 5.4 (DOF5.4) was among the genes responsible for the reduced plant height. Modulating expression of SOC1 opens a new and effective approach to promote flowering and reduce plant height, which may have potential to enhance crop yield and improve grain quality.

scholarly journals Changes of Stem Characteristics, Senescence Indexes and Yield and Quality of Wintering Rye under Different Populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6876
Author(s):  
Yuetao Zuo ◽  
Xueyue Zhang ◽  
Shiyu Zuo ◽  
Xiaosong Ren ◽  
Zhaoyue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Basal Internode ◽  
Spike Number

In response to the production crisis caused by a winter feed shortage due to the rapid development of the animal husbandry industry, winter rye 001 was selected to study differences in stalk and senescence characteristics in yield formation in cold regions. Five density treatments were established in a randomized design as 225 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D1), 275 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D2), 325 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D3), 375 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D4), and 425 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D5). Stem characteristics, SOD activity, POD activity, MDA content, and differences in yield and feeding quality under different population densities were analyzed. The plant height, center of gravity, and stem basal internode length showed an increasing trend with an increase in planting density. The stem wall thickness, diameter, strength, and lodging resistance indices decreased. At 275 × 104 plants·hm−2, the rye crude protein content was the highest while neutral washing fiber and acid washing fiber were the lowest, and feed quality was the best. With an increase in density, spike number, grain number per spike, and thousand-grain weight first increased and then decreased. We concluded that the yield and feeding quality were best when the basic seedling was at 275 × 104 plants hm−2.

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