scholarly journals Relationships between Exposure to Bioaerosols, Moldy Surface and Symptoms in French Mold-Damaged Homes

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Antoine Delanoë ◽  
Natacha Heutte ◽  
Stéphanie Gente ◽  
Virginie Séguin ◽  
David Garon
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
World Health ◽  
Aspergillus Versicolor ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Global Approach ◽  
Airborne Concentration ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Air quality in homes is a major concern in Europe, where people spend most of their time indoors. According to the World Health Organization, numerous houses are subject to dampness that can lead to mold growth, with associated health and economic consequences. Our goal was to characterize the human exposure to bioaerosols in French mold-damaged houses but also to study the effects of these bioaerosols as suffered by the inhabitants of these houses. A global approach including both field study and laboratory experimentation was used to investigate 48 mold-damaged homes. Among a wide fungal diversity, 101 viable species, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium chrysogenum and P. crustosum were observed as recurrent species and could be used as microbial indicators of indoor air quality. Statistical analyses highlighted a relationship between the concentrations of these recurrent molds and the levels of surface contamination by molds in homes. Fever, cough, dyspnea, flu-like symptoms were observed with several fungal strains (A. versicolor, P. chrysogenum and P. crustosum) or in relation to moldy odor. Relationships between particles of 2 to 15 µm diameter and headaches and dizziness were also observed. In our study, we identified a cutaneous effect (itching) in relationship to the airborne concentration of A. versicolor.

scholarly journals Issuances of Automotive Vehicles and the Impacts on Air Quality in the Largest City in the Brazilian Amazon

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Cartaxo ◽  
Ilsa Valois ◽  
Vladimiro Miranda ◽  
Marcia Costa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Manaus, a city of more than two million people, suffers problems arising from strong sunlight and aggravated by several factors, such as traffic congestion and greenhouse gas emissions generated by evaporation and burning of fuel. The present study examined Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) emissions in an urban area of the city using different methodologies. CO and NO2 were measured using automated and passive analyzers, respectively. Meanwhile, direct monitoring of these pollutants was performed in vehicular sources in the vicinity of sampling locations. Results showed that levels of carbon monoxide vary over time, being higher during peak movement of vehicles. NO2 values have exceeded the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), and monitoring at source showed high levels of CO and NO2 emissions to the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Indoor Air Quality, Information, and Socioeconomic Status: Evidence from Delhi

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 420-424
Author(s):  
Michael Greenstone ◽  
Kenneth Lee ◽  
Harshil Sahai
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Information ◽  
Air Purifier ◽  
Health Organization

In Delhi, one of the world's most polluted cities, there is relatively little information on indoor air pollution and how it varies by socioeconomic status (SES). Using indoor air quality monitors (IAQMs), we find that winter levels of household air pollution exceed World Health Organization standards by more than 20 times in both high-and low-SES households. We then evaluate a field experiment that randomly assigned monthlong IAQM user trials across medium-and high-SES households but suffered from significant survey non-response. Among respondents, IAQMs did not affect take-up of subsidized air purifier rentals or other defensive behavior.

Towards Remote Sensing Datasets Collection and Processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badreddine Boudriki Semlali ◽  
El Amrani Chaker
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Polar Orbit ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The world is witnessing important increases in industrial, transport and agriculture activities. This leads to economic growth, but, on the other hand, causes substantial damage in urban air, due to emissions of harmful gases, mainly CO, SO2, NO2 and the Particular Matter (PM). The World Health Organization (WHO) confirms that daily exposure to pollutants causes approximately three million deaths. It is therefore necessary to assess continuously the air quality. In this context, a Java-based application was developed to acquire data from EUMETSAT geostationary and Polar Orbit satellites, through the Mediterranean Dialogue Earth Observatory (MDEO) terrestrial station. This application filters, subsets, processes and visualizes products covering Morocco zone. Significant correlations were found between emissions and industrial activities related to power thermal plants, factories, transportation and ports.

COVID-19: Socio-Economic Consequences on the Hospitality Industry in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-52
Author(s):  
Nur Hidayah Che Ahmat ◽  
Syafiqah Rahamat ◽  
Susan Wohlsdorf Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

The novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province China before emerging in neighbouring countries in early 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic when the spreading of the virus started accelerating in many parts of the world and killing thousands of people. As of 22nd May 2021, there were more than 166 million confirmed cases with more than 147 million recovered and nearly 3.5 million deaths (Worldometers, n.d.). According to the WHO (2020) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020), the virus easily spreads through coughing and sneezing. Therefore, many countries implemented social distancing between individuals and various other restriction orders or recommendations (e.g., stay-at-home policies, closure of non-essential businesses) to help curb virus spread. How governments in each country reacted to control the spread of the virus appeared crucial to mitigate public health and economic impacts. Keywords: Foodservice, Hospitality, Hotel, Malaysia, Pandemic

scholarly journals Caesarean Section Rates and Activity-Based Funding in Northern Norway: A Model-Based Study Using the World Health Organization’s Recommendation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jan Norum ◽  
Tove Elisabeth Svee
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
World Health ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Model Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Objective. Caesarean section (CS) rates vary significantly worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended a maximum CS rate of 15%. Norwegian hospitals are paid per CS (activity-based funding), employing the diagnosis-related group (DRG) system. We aimed to document how financial incentives can be affected by reduced CS rates, according to the WHO’s recommendation. Methods. We employed a model-based analysis and included the 2016 data from the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR) and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). The vaginal birth rate and CS rates of each hospital trust in Northern Norway were analyzed. Results. There were 4,860 deliveries and a 17.5% CS rate (range 13.9–20.3%). The total funding of the deliveries was €16,351,335 (CS: €6,389,323; vaginal births: €9,962,012). The CS rate varied significantly and was lower in the southern region (P<0.002). Consequently, the introduction of a cutoff at a 15% CS rate would gain the two southern hospital trusts by a budget increase of 0.2%. The two northern ones would experience 6.4% less resources. A total of €644,655 could be allocated to further quality and safety initiatives in obstetrics. Conclusion. The economic consequences of the model-based financial incentive were low, but probably sufficient to get the necessary attention and influence on the CS rate. Recommendations. A financial incentive for the reduction of CS rates should be tested as a supplement to other instruments.

scholarly journals Indoor carbon dioxide concentrations in Croatian elementary school classrooms during the heating season

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-302
Author(s):  
Dario Brdarić ◽  
Krunoslav Capak ◽  
Vlatka Gvozdić ◽  
Andrea Barišin ◽  
Jagoda Doko Jelinić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
World Health ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Rural Elementary Schools ◽  
The World ◽  
Poor Ventilation ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractAware that exposure to stuffy indoor air with high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) is associated with higher absenteeism and reduced academic performance in school pupils, the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe initiated indoor air quality surveys in schools, including CO2 monitoring, to assess ventilation and exposure to stuffy air. Here we report the findings of the first such survey in Croatia. It was conducted in 60 classrooms of 20 urban and rural elementary schools throughout the country during the heating season. Measurements of CO2 levels showed that all 60 classrooms exceeded the international guidelines of 1938 mg/m3. Mean CO2 concentrations ranged from 2771 to 7763 mg/m3. The highest concentration measured in urban schools was 7763 mg/m3 and in rural schools 4771 mg/m3. Average CO2 levels were higher in continental schools (3683 mg/m3) than the coastal ones (3134 mg/m3), but all demonstrate poor ventilation during the heating season all over Croatia.

scholarly journals GERIATRIC SYNDROMES AND SARS-COV-2: MORE THAN JUST BEING OLD

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
I. Aprahamian ◽  
M. Cesari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Consequences ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Resource Center ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

At the end of 2019, China released a warning about an outbreak of pneumonia due to unknown causes (1). It was subsequently identified as a new coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a zoonotic large size RNA-based genome virus, responsible for this infectious disease (called Covid-19) (2). The disease spread worldwide. On March 11th 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the state of pandemic, foretelling a catastrophe with major health and economic consequences. On April 3th, 1,039,166 cases of SARS-CoV-2 and 55,092 deaths have already been reported around the world (Johns Hopkins University & Medicine Coronavirus Resource Center; https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html; last access April 4th). Unfortunately, the complete clinical and epidemiological picture of Covid-19 is still unclear. This coronavirus is highly contagious (primarily airborne, but also through contact with infected surfaces), and its severity ranges from asymptomatic/mild forms (the majority) to very severe cases (3). Currently, we are facing several challenges of difficult solution, such as lack of hospital and intensive care beds, shortage of personal protective equipment for health professionals, the loneliness and economic problems of isolated people, and the race for a vaccine and effective treatments.

scholarly journals Barriers to and Opportunities for Light-Duty Vehicle Electrification in India: Insights From a Survey of Experts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubal Dua ◽  
Scott Hardman ◽  
Yagyavalk Bhatt ◽  
Dimpy Suneja
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vehicular Pollution ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
The Third ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
The World ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle ◽  
Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization, India has the world’s worst air quality. Among other factors, vehicular pollution from the increasing stock of passenger vehicles has contributed to India’s deteriorating air quality. This increasing stock is also a factor in India becoming the third-highest oil-consuming and greenhouse gas (GHG)-emitting country worldwide.

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